The
Vertov Collective (VC) is a film collective founded by a group of communist filmmakers in the Franco-British Union in 1969. Originally meant as a Franco-British version of the Workers’ Photo and Film League from the pre-Revolution period, focusing on documentaries it rose to more prominence after getting the main rights to many American films. By the mid-70’s, with commercial success, they began to branch out into making their own films, notably the 1976 film
Stern, based on the works of Maxine Kaplan. While the early 80’s saw them suppressed and blacklisted, they bounced back thanks to several adaptations of Marvel Comics and distributing major American films through VCD.
History
The Dziga Vertov Group was originally founded by a group of French communist filmmakers, including Jean-Luc Godard, Agnes Varda, and Jean-Pierre Gorin in 1967, with the explicit focus on making films with Marxist themes, focusing on the socialist style pioneered by their namesake, Soviet filmmaker Dziga Vertov. Their first feature
Loin du Indochine was a documentary condemning the war in Indochina.
Within a few years, the collective began to expand, incorporating Chris Marker’s SLON and with Godard’s exile to the UASR, the collective was placed under the lead of English filmmaker Ken Loach. Under Loach, the Group was reorganized into the Vertov Collective and was given more of a dual power act reminiscent of the pre-Revolution American Workers’ Photo and Film League.
Under Loach and fellow central committee members Chris Marker, Alain Resnair and Agnes Vardas, the Vertov Collective largely focused on social realism, focusing on contemporary issues surrounding the Franco-British Union and the lives of average everyday workers. Loach’s film
Kes was heavily influenced by local Yorkshire culture and contained a heavy use of the local dialect.
À bientôt, j'espère focused on a strike at a textiles factory.
Family Life explored issues like abortion and sexual repression. In 1973, the collectively directed film
Stark Night (
Nuit Sombre), which followed a platoon of Franco-British soldiers as they suffered massive losses and see the full horrors of war, garnered both praise and controversy with its brutal depiction of warfare and destruction.
To keep these projects funded, Vertov also took to distributing American and Comintern features . Prior to this, most American or Comintern features were heavily censored and reedited to tone down the fact they originated in communist countries. Starting with
Free Love and Solidarity Forever in 1969, the American Culture Secretariat and Vertov cut a deal where Vertov would keep the films intact (with occasional concessions to ratings considerations) and release them. The idea of a collective distributing the films was palatable to American propaganda efforts.
Most of the American films distributed by Vertov were either historical epics detailing the proletarian struggle prior to, during, and after the revolution, or contemporary pieces of social realism from the growing “American New Wave” of filmmaking, both relevant to the sorts of films that Vertov was making. In 1975, however, the Culture Secretariat insisted that a movie about a “great white shark terrorizing a seaside town” be distributed by them, noting that it was the biggest film hitherto released in Comintern. While the Central Committee didn’t care for the movie (and felt a plotline about corrupt nomenklatura covering up the shark attacks for political gain was counterintuitive), CulSec insisted on the potential success and propaganda value a blockbuster like it could bring. Sure enough, Vertov was caught off-guard when the film would become one of the biggest hits released that year in Europe.
. With massive success of
Jaws and sudden attention brought to them because of their distribution of it, the Collective sought to adapt a similar mass appeal piece of American literature, whilst still keeping with their mission. Luckily, Godard, still in his American exile, managed to get involved with a favorite property of his, the Rachel Stern series by Maxine Kaplan. He was to direct a new adaptation on behalf of Melrose. He promptly enlisted Vertov as co-producers.
Stern would be the first Franco-British adaptation of the Kaplan novels (Howard Hawks and Edward Dmytryk directed American and Soviet versions in 1951 and 1963 respectively), and Kaplan’s personal favorite film version of her character. Starring Katherine Ross as Stern and Jean-Paul Belmondo as archenemy Nikolai Balabos, the film was a reimagined version of the first Stern story
The Hunt, updating the novel’s setting of World War II era Tibet to Thailand during the Indochina Wars, seeing the character foiling Balabos’ plot to send gold and weapons to nationalist militias in Communist Indochina (instead of the Azad Hind in the original novel). While many purists were shocked by the contemporary setting, it paved the way for later “updated” versions of the Stern series such as the TV series
Agent Stern. Among general cinephiles, it’s most infamous for its opening scene, where Stern kills a misogynistic JSB agent implied to be James Bond. This symbolized the general tone of the film, which directly repudiated Bond style adventurism and glamorous jet setting in favor of scenes depicting the Bangkok slums and the intense poverty that enabled Balabos’ scheme and the horrific warfare in Cambodia.[1]
Stern would get the attention of executives at Eastman-Kodak International (impressed by the success of
Jaws), who struck a deal with Vertov and Melrose for distribution and additional funding for location shooting. With Kodak’s help, the film would become a massive hit in the FBU, both financially and especially critically, with the
Mirror stating it was “more [David] Lean than James Bond” and praised by the Franco-British
Daily Worker as “the first European communist blockbuster.”
By 1979, there was an increased focus on distributing American blockbusters as part of American propaganda efforts (Vertov distributed films like
Watch the Skies (from
Jaws director Steven Spielberg)[2],
Star Wars and
The Star Beast[3], which would all become big hits). This gave the Collective enough money to continue doing social realist films and documentaries.
Vertov would return to this realm after the Crisis of 1979, which ended American imports for a time, and Loach and the returned Godard (shortly before his ascendance as Chairman of ESCI) would direct several acclaimed films which explore anti-nuclear activism and the military ramp-up, which were meant to help the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. However, these would not be widely distributed because of the renewed Blacklist, and many were shown in underground venues. Vertov would also occasionally host “Anti-Reaction Nights” to mock overly propagandistic films.
One major avenue for film that opened up was the relatively new technology of Video Compact Disks (VCD), which were used to smuggle both native socialist productions and American films into households away from the attention of authorities. The result was a massive bootlegging operation where films were traded in secret. Mary Whitehouse would cite this as one of the main ways "video nasties" spread. It would also create a generation of fans who adored the more explicit, more political movies that were a forbidden pleasure, as decreed by the government itself.
By 1987, most of the hysteria died down. However, the Collective was running low on cash, resulting in another bid for a big socialist project based on a mass-appeal American work. Alain Resnias used his friendship with Stan Lee to promptly bring Spider-Man to the big screen in 1987, with Vertov and Olive Street producing. Filmed in Metropolis, the film focuses on the webhead’s origin and his battle with the Green Goblin and Doctor Octopus. The film was a hit in the detente era, causing Vertov to commission a few more comic properties (including
Tales from the Crypt and
The New Gods ), and put their films back on the map.
In 1997, Ken Loach used the leverage of their co-productions to get work on a dream project. The
Land and Freedom cycle told the story of a British socialist, who volunteers in the American and Spanish Civil Wars (first film
Land and Freedom), later becomes part of the IVA during World War II (
The Good War), but is persecuted as a “premature anti-fasicst” in the Smithers era. (
Premature) [4]. Despite the blatant socialist slant, the films would garner acclaim in both spheres, becoming a favorite at the Oscars and BAFTAs.
In the 2000’s, as mainline studios began picking up American films and releasing them uncut, Vertov returned more towards its original goal of providing good socialist media for a Franco-British audience. In 2010, they released DVDs of both their most iconic films and some of the American productions and co-productions distributed, including
Jaws and
Stern.
[1] Again, Stern and Kaplan created by
@Mr. C . Special thanks to them for writing parts of the description
[2] Science fiction film dealing with strange occurances across the world tied with UFO sightings.
[3] Directed by John Carpenter, starring Sigourney Weaver and screenwriter Dan O’Bannon as part of a spaceship crew terrorized by an alien and existential dread. Think
Alien, but with
Dark Star’s themes.
[4] a reference to MP Waldron Smithers, notorious for claims that communists had infiltrated the state organs of the Franco-British Union.