Orange is the EU or an equivalent. Red, especially is it is the color China, Russia and North Korea are shown in indicates socialism to me, which seems to fit well fetched for some other inclusions in the red faction (Ukraine, India), could work for Japan and Iran, but the inclusion of the US, Israel & New Zealand is definitely interesting, especially when I see that all the borders are the same as the OTL modern ones, it starts to seem quite unlikely. The green countries look like they'd fit in some sort of "third bloc"/non-aligned kind of sphere. Like there all somewhat random choices from various continents that aren't big powers but for the most part are doing quite well for the region they're in and, with the exception of South Korea and the ROC tend not to fall too much under the influence of any one major power. The blue faction is by far the weirdest. They're all formerly British colonies? Apart from that though I see little that would connect them.