Question on an alternate Germany

JJohnson

Banned
Let's say that Austria-Hungary ended their personal union and Austria itself merged with Germany, claiming German Austria's territory plus Burgenland and South Tirol by around 1867-1875 or so, after Germany accepted the Frankfurt Parliament's Constitution as several timelines here have postulated.

The first question is, with German Austria added in, do we keep "German Bohemia" as a separate state or merge with Saxony? Does "Sudetenland" stay or merge with Silesia? Which states would this Germany include as of 2012, were it to stay unifed to this day as a stable republic (or even monarchy)? Would Prussia stay unified, or could it be partitioned either due to its own fiscal issues (like this article postulates merging states by 2020), or as the result of a world war?

The second part is, let's assume Wilhelm II doesn't ever get to be Kaiser, and we have instead the first German Emperor in Friedrich Wilhelm IV in 1848, then his son, Wilhelm I, then Friedrich III (starting in 1870) without cancer, lasting till 1891. Wilhelm II is either stillborn or perhaps is born a girl, and left Prince Henry as the next emperor till 1916.

(1) - what would the names of these Kaisers be?
(2) - assuming unification first under Friedrich Wilhelm IV, where does Franz Josef go? Do the houses unify or is there some dynastic dispute? He was pretty insistent on Habsburg rule of a unified Germany from what I read. What would the most likely succession after FW4 be?
(3) - let's say that this Germany survives unified at least till 1920, if not till today. Is there a likely war with France where this Germany takes Alsace-Lorraine, sparking French revanchism?
(4) - what, if anything, could be the spark to drag this alternate Germany into a world war with France on one side? I'm guessing Franz Ferdinand wouldn't suffer badly here, but would there be something else causing Germany to enter a war that dominoes into a world war?
(5) - if this Germany were dragged into a war on the opposite side of the UK, France, and the USA as in OTL, without Kaiser Wilhelm II's numerous missteps, would it garner a more lenient peace?
 
The only possible emperor for a Great Germany in 1848 was a Habsburg.

And past 1871, the whole world (UK, Russia, France, Italy, Hungary, ... etc) would have allied against the german empire of the Hohenzollern if it had tried to integrate Austria.

At that time, german rulers were not that crazy.
 
Let's say that Austria-Hungary ended their personal union and Austria itself merged with Germany, claiming German Austria's territory plus Burgenland and South Tirol by around 1867-1875 or so, after Germany accepted the Frankfurt Parliament's Constitution as several timelines here have postulated.

For this to happen, the revolution needs to be more violent and successful; perhaps fully encompassing Russia (which I can hardly imagine by 1848) thus the Tsar's regime is paralyzed, too.

This might have the effect of a successful Hungarian independance. If then Franz Josef's mother doesn't as skillfully manage the business of the House of Habsburg (death due to illness butterflying her away), we might see either weak Ferdinand I, very young Franz Josef or his father or unambitious Franz Karl autonomously representing the rest of the Habsburg-lands as a kind of "super-Bavaria" in a federal German Empire.

But as your POD, we might have to accept it...

The first question is, with German Austria added in, do we keep "German Bohemia" as a separate state or merge with Saxony? Does "Sudetenland" stay or merge with Silesia?

Why should this occur? The geographic difficultry don't matter in a federal Germany, even if the Czech lands might have to be let gone (which would be a difficult issue after all). In a federal Großdeutschland, German-populated parts of Bohemia and Moravia (and Austro-Silesia) will still have their focus on Vienna.

In a 1848-situation, I even foresee a very difficult situation as I assume that for traditional reasons (Bohemia had always been a kingdom within the Holy Empire), the Germans would insist on a kind of semi-autonomy. If done skillfully, it could happen. But probably we would have decades of conflict.

Which states would this Germany include as of 2012, were it to stay unifed to this day as a stable republic (or even monarchy)?

For such a Germany to last, it can happen as either a republic or a constitutional monarchy. That depends on what happens during the last 160 years, and none of that is pre-destined. Up to personal taste, I would say.


Friedrich III (starting in 1870) without cancer, lasting till 1891.

Butterflying Friedrich's cancer away to give him just three additinal years, that's quite mean. His father reached the age of 90, Wilhelm II died aged 82.
If Friedrich III only lives to become 75, he would die in 1906.

Wilhelm II is either stillborn or perhaps is born a girl, and left Prince Henry as the next emperor till 1916.

Same with Prince Henry, who OTL died in 1929.


(3) - let's say that this Germany survives unified at least till 1920, if not till today. Is there a likely war with France where this Germany takes Alsace-Lorraine, sparking French revanchism?

I think that France has go after Germany either directly when it forms with the aim to break the giant up. This will be a two-fold revolutionary war with an interesting outcome.

Later on, France would need allies, but also motivation. For Germany just to be there will perhaps not be enough. Without an earlier war, Alsace-Lorraine is not lost. And the classic antagonist is more often than not Britain....

However, even if at some point of time Germany beats the French militarily, it is again not set in stone that Alsace, Lorraine or both change hands. The decision was heavily discussed in OTL's 1870/71, too.

(4) - what, if anything, could be the spark to drag this alternate Germany into a world war with France on one side? I'm guessing Franz Ferdinand wouldn't suffer badly here, but would there be something else causing Germany to enter a war that dominoes into a world war?


(5) - if this Germany were dragged into a war on the opposite side of the UK, France, and the USA as in OTL, without Kaiser Wilhelm II's numerous missteps, would it garner a more lenient peace?

The peace deal Germany got has IMHO virtually nothing to do with Wilhelm's numerous gaffes. It highly depends on the circumstances at the point of time when Germany surrenders.

The more interesting question would be: what would such a Germany's interests and potential allies in the absence of Austria-Hungary be?

Again, so much can happen with your early POD - if you chose the path wisely, you can lead Germany almost anywhere.
 
Just as an aside, Decades of Darkness has this sort of thing happening as a result of the Prussians putting down the 1848 Hungarian rebellions as opposed to Russia due to a different Tsar's reluctance to aid Austria. A triple Monarchy is created with the Hapsburgs at the forefront and well the rest is [Alternate] History.
 

JJohnson

Banned
Thanks Hörnla for the multiple answers.

For any kind of lasting larger Germany (holding at least West/East Prussia, Posen, and Silesia as the eastern border until present time) I'm of the opinion something has to happen during the 1830s to 1840s to steer the overall German people away from Prussian militarism as a whole, including the Kulturkampf and Kaiser Wilhelm II's wrecklessness. I'm not 100% sure of the exact form, so if you or anyone else knows a few options I could use, I'm all ears. Could ending Salic law in Hanover, and keeping Victoria as a monarch there have any help or influence at all? Perhaps continued dynastic influence could draw Germans to the British example of governance?

In a situation with an 1848 unification of both Germany and Austria, I know Austria held a number of extra lands populated by non-Germans (Bohemia, Moravia, Galicia, etc), I'm not sure how to have those separate from Austria leaving a nearly monolithic German state (aside from Posen's situation). If there is some way that the non-German lands separate in the 1850s-1860s, leaving "German Bohemia" and "Sudetenland" along with the majority German portion of Austria proper, I'm (1) not seeing it just yet, (2) wondering what happens to those two territories - remain or absorb into other territories.

As for monarchy, I didn't investigate his actual age before writing that, sorry. Let's give him a nice long reign, and likewise Prince Henry.

If we have an 1848 union, perhaps in the 1850s, France does in fact decide to attack to try to break it up, and have Napoleon III lead that charge, possibly as part of a justification for his 1851 coup d'etat somehow. France instead just draws the German people together, and they manage to defeat the French, though not resoundingly. During Napoleon III it seems French relations with Britain aren't particularly close - if we were to get rid of Salic law in Hanover, leaving Victoria as the monarch there, perhaps Germany gets closer to Britain here? I'm just throwing out ideas here.

Then later, perhaps France does recognize the Confederacy, then Germany sides with the US, while the UK stays out, and the European situation deteriorates till the two sides enter another war, where Germany takes it a bit farther, and outright seizes A-L. (This part, a bit flimsy I know. At the later 19th century there were a sizeable number of Germanic speakers in the territory, which is why I'm trying to find a way to annex it onto Germany). If Germany and France go down this route, this would likely lead France down a revanchist path towards another war in the future, but with additional allies.

As far as the country as a whole, assuming that 1848's revolution worked really well, and we got a liberal constitution and a united German country that lasts till today, either with or without a surviving monarchy. Does the presence or lack of a monarchy make a huge difference in Germany's path? The United Kingdom's monarchy seems not to be a real factor in its daily political life, seeming to be more ceremonial than anything. Would the German monarchy evolve similarly, or could they stay more active?
 
Thanks Hörnla for the multiple answers.

You are welcome.

For any kind of lasting larger Germany (holding at least West/East Prussia, Posen, and Silesia as the eastern border until present time) I'm of the opinion something has to happen during the 1830s to 1840s to steer the overall German people away from Prussian militarism as a whole, including the Kulturkampf and Kaiser Wilhelm II's wrecklessness. I'm not 100% sure of the exact form, so if you or anyone else knows a few options I could use, I'm all ears. Could ending Salic law in Hanover, and keeping Victoria as a monarch there have any help or influence at all? Perhaps continued dynastic influence could draw Germans to the British example of governance?

You forget one thing. From a pre-1918 point-of-view (perhaps even later), your first sentence sounds as unreal as "for any kind of lasting larger France (holding at least Burgundy, Franche-Comte and the Champagne)". I think you get the idea. There is not much magic necesary to prevent the loss of the German East (apart from perhaps -parts of- Posen as soon as there might be an independant Poland), just the collosal debacle the first half of the 20th century meant needs to be avoided or ameliorated.
Prussian militarism is over-rated. Compared to OTL, all European nations were pretty militarist in that era. The Kulturkampf meant no lasting damage to the German nation (and would not happen in a Großdeutschland with all too many Catholics). Victoria as Königin von Hannover would be interesting, and guarantee many butterflies. From that point on have to write a different history not only of Germany but perhaps Britain, too.
I don't think you can enhance the British dynastic influence much further than with sending Vicky to Potsdam to marry the heir to the Prussian throne. And then, this influence rather depends on the groom not dying prematurely.

If there is some way that the non-German lands separate in the 1850s-1860s, leaving "German Bohemia" and "Sudetenland" along with the majority German portion of Austria proper, I'm (1) not seeing it just yet, (2) wondering what happens to those two territories - remain or absorb into other territories.

True. That depends very much on the time when the development of the Czech nation becomes strong enough that a sovereign national state becomes inevitable. However, depending on the circumstances, this might also never happen.


During Napoleon III it seems French relations with Britain aren't particularly close - if we were to get rid of Salic law in Hanover, leaving Victoria as the monarch there, perhaps Germany gets closer to Britain here? I'm just throwing out ideas here.

For a good time, the Anglo-French-relations were close to hostile rather during Napoleon IIIs reign. If Victoria is one of the sovereign princes of a German Empire and this leads to a Anglo-German Alliance of sorts, it should keep even a Bonaparte at bay.

If Germany and France go down this route, this would likely lead France down a revanchist path towards another war in the future, but with additional allies.

If you want to be benevolent towards Germany, let them seize Alsace (only) in a moment of weakness and inner turmoil in France, when changing hands might be seen as more secure than a major (Commune?) revolution. Remember: even de Gaulle feared in 1968 that Alsace-Lorraine would break away to become German again if actually a revolution broke out in Paris.

As far as the country as a whole, assuming that 1848's revolution worked really well, and we got a liberal constitution and a united German country that lasts till today, either with or without a surviving monarchy. Does the presence or lack of a monarchy make a huge difference in Germany's path? The United Kingdom's monarchy seems not to be a real factor in its daily political life, seeming to be more ceremonial than anything. Would the German monarchy evolve similarly, or could they stay more active?

IMHO, a surviving monarchy in Germany would have been an improvement, but you are going to work with a completely different set of circumstances. As I said before, with Germany and an early POD, you can make anything happen.
However, if the butterflies from Germany don't change the general trend towards a marginalization of the political power of the monarchs, then it will probably not stand out as much of an exception by 2013.
 
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JJohnson

Banned
If you want to be benevolent towards Germany, let them seize Alsace (only) in a moment of weakness and inner turmoil in France, when changing hands might be seen as more secure than a major (Commune?) revolution. Remember: even de Gaulle feared in 1968 that Alsace-Lorraine would break away to become German again if actually a revolution broke out in Paris.

Really? As late as 1968? That's new information. I wonder what could've brought that about.

IMHO, a surviving monarchy in Germany would have been an improvement, but you are going to work with a completely set of circumstances. As I said before, with Germany and an early POD, you can make anything happen.
However, if the butterflies from Germany don't change the general trend towards a marginalization of the political power of the monarchs, then it will probably not stand out as much of an exception by 2013.

Howso? Would it have made the country more stable, in that extremist ideologies on either side wouldn't have been created to fill the power vacuum? How would a moderately powerful/influential monarch act in a modern society?

And the last question is, do you believe it's possible to leave a 2012-Germany as a more 'religious' nation? In the sense that church attendance is over 50%, and adhere to whichever denomination's beliefs in a moderate to strong sense?
 
I can't see the breaking of Austria hungary along "german" borders.

THe likeliest event is a sucessful Hugarian (1848) revolution leaving the Habsburgs in posession of only a fracction of their Empire.

Hungary (including todays Slovakia and Transylvania) will form an independent Kingdom (ruler?)

THE Croats were usually loyal to the Habsburgs, so its possible that Croatia and Dalmatia are staying with the HAbsburgs and they might even "join" the GErman federation (Prussia also incuded "non-federation" lands into Germany)

As alternative the Croats (with Dalmatia) might break free too (but ally with GErmany to prevent Hungarian agression).

Galicia - how about the Russians seizing opportunity and take it for themselves (strianing relations for decades, but maybe preventing teh Crimean war of otl as russia has to digest Poland first ;))

remember teh Habsburgs still own Lombardia and Venice in 1848 - both might be absorbed by "Germany" - or maybe they break free and are a third bloc in Italy (aside from Sardinia and Two Sicilies - butterflies..)

The minimum "Austria" would retain are the territories already part of the German federation (see map)

Deutscher_Bund 2.png
 

JJohnson

Banned
I can't see the breaking of Austria Hungary along "German" borders.

The likeliest event is a successful Hungarian (1848) revolution leaving the Hapsburgs in possession of only a fraction of their Empire.

Hungary (including today's Slovakia and Transylvania) will form an independent Kingdom (ruler?)

THE Croats were usually loyal to the Hapsburgs, so its possible that Croatia and Dalmatia are staying with the Hapsburgs and they might even "join" the German federation (Prussia also included "non-federation" lands into Germany)

As alternative the Croats (with Dalmatia) might break free too (but ally with Germany to prevent Hungarian aggression).

Galicia - how about the Russians seizing opportunity and take it for themselves (straining relations for decades, but maybe preventing teh Crimean war of otl as Russia has to digest Poland first ;))

remember the Habsburgs still own Lombardia and Venice in 1848 - both might be absorbed by "Germany" - or maybe they break free and are a third bloc in Italy (aside from Sardinia and Two Sicilies - butterflies..)

The minimum "Austria" would retain are the territories already part of the German federation (see map)

Oh...no Crimean, that could be an interesting change of pace. No Charge of the Light Brigade though. Without that war, the UK might occupy itself elsewhere in this timeline...

Lombardia and Venice, I was thinking of bringing them into Italy of the time, perhaps only succeeding in creating a 'North Italy' divided from the south by the Papal states until the 1860s or so.
 
Greater Germany would have to be under the Habsburgs. Hungary would probably have Croatia and Galencia under another Habsburg. Bohemia, Morvia and the Sudaten land would only be a "state" if Germany federalized (if only to have more Germans there to make it more German). But the new German state would probably be like the one Prussia constructed and be this really weird hodgepodge that left Austria as the most powerful state in the federation.
 

ingemann

Banned
I don't think in any realistic timeline, where Germany fully federalise we will see a partitioned Bohemia, in all likelihood it will be part of Germany, in the same way Catalonia is part of Spain. Of course we may see a strong seccessionist movement, but not necessary.
Austria and Bohemia will likely join as semi-separate states under the same monarch, and as such the Czech language will likely receive equality in Bohemia, which will do a lot to, lessen Czech wishes for indenpendence.
The Kulturkamf will happen here too, it was a Prussian attempt to weaken the Catholic Church influence in Prussia. Liberal Austrian and nationalists Czech may in fact both embrace the movement, as neither loved the Catholic Church great influence in people's daily life, with the support of these two group we may see the Prussian attempt in establishing a German Catholic Church end up more successfull. So we may ironic get a alliance of Prussian Protestantic Conservatives, Liberal Austrians and nationalist Czechs dominate the German political landscape.
 
Really? As late as 1968? That's new information. I wonder what could've brought that about.

Funny thing: read it once in a book on France; but cannot find the quotation on the internet. Perhaps it stems from Massut who wrote a book on de Gaulle meeting him in 1968. Thus, take it with a grain of salt.

However, even if de Gaulle had said that, is purely de Gaulle's exaggerated speculation at a point of time when he feared that he had lost control of French politics during the events of May 1968. Durgint these days, for a moment it seemed as if a new revolution might break out any moment. De Gaulle himself had mysteriously disappeard from the capital and met with French generals in Baden-Baden [!]. As the Alsace has had a conservative voting record during the time, on top of their German heritage, he assumed that in case of a successful "Red" revolution these departments might realign with the Federal Republic.

Howso? Would it have made the country more stable, in that extremist ideologies on either side wouldn't have been created to fill the power vacuum? How would a moderately powerful/influential monarch act in a modern society?

You say it yourself. A continued monarchy would have given OTL's Germany, which was in a deep psychological crisis in the interwar period, the much needed calm and orientation it needed. Of course, a king/emperor alone is no safeguard, as Italy proofs.

But it is telling that even Friedrich Ebert, the Social Democratic first president of the Weimar Republic, was very much against making Germany a republic.

And the last question is, do you believe it's possible to leave a 2012-Germany as a more 'religious' nation? In the sense that church attendance is over 50%, and adhere to whichever denomination's beliefs in a moderate to strong sense?

50%? That's even higher than in the USA whose religious attitudes are fully incomprehensible to the majority of OTL's Germans.

Only if you have this Germany as a backwards and reactionary place, or your POD creates a world which generally stops the secular trends of the 20th century.

Where in Europe do you have SUCH attendancies? (=>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_attendance) Only in Poland and Ireland where Catholicism is a major pillar of national identity (as opposed to Protestant English resp. Protestant Prussians and Orthodox Russians). I do not see similar circumstances for Germany unless you really construct something peculiar in your timeline.

Nevertheless, if you spare Germany (and the world) the ordeals of the World Wars and the other upheavals of the 20th century, you might have a more conservative country with slightly higher church attendance.
Though, everybody reacts differently. My grandmother who grew up as a devoted Catholic and had plans to become a nun during her youth lost much of her faith during the things she witnessed in the course of WW2.
Her own father, however, who was politically active as a Communist during the Weimar Republic, always stated that during his time in prisons and concentration camps he found to religion "as the only thing which kept people alive there".

###

Additionally, you need to be aware that the changes in politics and societies also shape the churches, not just in Germany. The challenge of the NS-ideology, and progressive ideas of new generations of theologists had turned Germany's protestant churches from conservative, nationalist, monarchy-controlled entities in 1900 into a rather leftist, pacifist, internationalist Church a hundred years later.

On the Catholic side, note how the Church, firm as it is on religious matters, shifted during the last decades from being Anti-Communist at any cost towards being more and more critical of Capitalist ideologies.

I can't see the breaking of Austria hungary along "german" borders.
THe likeliest event is a sucessful Hugarian (1848) revolution leaving the Habsburgs in posession of only a fracction of their Empire.
Hungary (including todays Slovakia and Transylvania) will form an independent Kingdom (ruler?)

I agree. The results are difficult to achieve, that is why I also proposed a complete collapse of Habsburg-rule during 1848, especially in Hungary. For that, Russian intervention needs to fall flat for some reason, IMHO.

Considering a "Hungarian King"; was there a homegrown pretendant? No German house would probably accept, the Habsburg would be unwelcome. How about a Bourbon? Stuart?

The Croats were usually loyal to the Habsburgs, so its possible that Croatia and Dalmatia are staying with the HAbsburgs and they might even "join" the GErman federation (Prussia also incuded "non-federation" lands into Germany)
As alternative the Croats (with Dalmatia) might break free too (but ally with GErmany to prevent Hungarian agression).

I don't see the Croats going so far as to join what is clearly a German Empire. But I foresee close ties - up to an economic union; perhaps in such a scenario the Habsburgs being of limited souvereignty within the Federation, but being heads of state in Croatia as sovereign kings in personal union; similar to the hypothetical Hanover-situation.


Greater Germany would have to be under the Habsburgs.

Not necessarily in the scenario I painted - if complete desaster strikes the Habsburg construction and/or the internal mechanics of their family, a Hohenzollern-led Germany is a possibility since 1849.
 
If we get a strong drive for an (more) unified Germany the bissgest obstacle is that neither Prussia nor Austria would want to give the lead to the other. if tehre is an alternate compromise candidate it might be possible if "both" parts (Austria AND Prussia) agree. but IMHO that borders ASB-territory...
 
If we get a strong drive for an (more) unified Germany the bissgest obstacle is that neither Prussia nor Austria would want to give the lead to the other. if tehre is an alternate compromise candidate it might be possible if "both" parts (Austria AND Prussia) agree. but IMHO that borders ASB-territory...

I wouldn't see the problem in either the Hohenzollern or Habsburgs accepting the other ascending to the the Pan-German Imperial Title, but in not getting that honour themselves. To that regards, any compromise candidate wouldn't just have one, but both leading dynasties against him.

So generally, you are right. IMHO, there are only two ways for a "Großdeutschland" at that point of time.
a) a successful revolution leads to a Republic or toppled so many thrones that the politicians have a tabula rasa from which to pick a pretender
b) one of the two major dynasties suffers a complete desaster and is in no position to compete afterwards- or rather needs the other to at least secure a fraction of the former power. To that regards, I see the Habsburgs as more vulnerable (although I am usually a fanatical supporter of any Danubian survival!).
Or can anyone bring up a scenario in which Prussia implodes instead?
 
Prussia - no no likely scenario

most probably might bne that Poland becomes independent from Russia (unlikely in itself) in 1830/31 and you get an insurrection in Posen sponsored by this independent Poland. This way Prussia might be occupied with itself for some time. Unlikely I know but not totally ASB...
 

JJohnson

Banned
Greater Germany would have to be under the Habsburgs. Hungary would probably have Croatia and Galencia under another Habsburg. Bohemia, Morvia and the Sudaten land would only be a "state" if Germany federalized (if only to have more Germans there to make it more German). But the new German state would probably be like the one Prussia constructed and be this really weird hodgepodge that left Austria as the most powerful state in the federation.

Which Habsburg? And what would happen to the royals who were OTL Kaisers?

And when we say Austria would be the most powerful, is that culturally, politically, or both? What would that mean if we advanced this nation a hundred years in the future as one country?
 
Perhaps you could just have a personal union of the two dynasties.

Not possible, both pratice a variation of Salic Law(well hasburg not but not major female one born after maria theresa and they keep the crown with male relatives instead), unless Franz Joseph is not Fransika Josefine(or Maria X) and decided to marry Wilhelm I and when his brother goes insane would be sufficient.

I'll not comment because too much butterflies but willl provided comment:

1) For Austria Join much the Hungarias being stronger and scare the shit out of the hasburg(maybe independance, prussia gladly woudl support if make a hohenzollern as their king)

2) Austria would be Separated in two: Austria proper(with Trieste,Trentino and Littoral) and Kingdom of Bohemia, that give austria even more votes in the bundesrat and will play against the hohenzoller for year(and the Archduke of Austria will be the Same King of Bohemia)

3)Lombaria-Venetia would be Inhereted by Maximilian and with Austria Know looking south...they can easily can unify Italy with an Hasburg(and scare the shit of France, will DOW Italy and Germany can smash them to win Eltass-Lothrigen)

What do you think of it?

you're the same one of the Grossdeutchland in Alternate History Wiki?
 
For any kind of lasting larger Germany (holding at least West/East Prussia, Posen, and Silesia as the eastern border until present time) I'm of the opinion something has to happen during the 1830s to 1840s to steer the overall German people away from Prussian militarism as a whole, including the Kulturkampf and Kaiser Wilhelm II's recklessness.

That's way too overdeterminate IMHO. Eliminate Bismarck, or even just elminate the Franco-Prussian War, or eliminate Der Alte (Wilhelm I)'s long reign and German militarism is greatly diminished.

Posen and West Prussia are difficult, because they are not ethnic German and could be lost to a revived Poland - very likely in a 20th century where self-determination and ethnic identity are strong. But otherwise - it required a long series of driving events to get to the OTL result.
 
Let's say that Austria-Hungary ended their personal union and Austria itself merged with Germany, claiming German Austria's territory plus Burgenland and South Tirol by around 1867-1875 or so, after Germany accepted the Frankfurt Parliament's Constitution as several timelines here have postulated.

Between 1806 and 1867, there was no union of crowns between Austria and Hungary. Instead all the Hapsburg lands were a single federal state, with Hungary forming several of the provinces.

However. Suppose that the Hungarian revolution of 1848 succeeded. Then the provinces composing former Hungary would become a separate state, though probably not including Croatia and Dalmatia.

The German states accept the Frankfurt Constitution... This is tricky because the two major states (Austria and Prussia) include large areas that are outside the German Confederation: East Prussia, Posen, Galicia, Venetia, Lombardy). It does include the non-German areas of Trentino and Slovenia. The Constitution calls for a hereditary Emperor; that would be the Hapsburg Emperor.

That certainly changes a lot. It's unlikely that Prussia will go to war within Germany. It's unlikely that Germany, fragile as it is, will engage in any foreign wars. Maybe a war against Denmark to add German Schleswig.
 
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