Q-Bam Historical Map Thread

Anyone has a QBAM of Europe ca.1550 with Charles V's Empire?
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1547-1552

FRANCE AND ITALY;
Build up to war

Fighting broke out at Piacenza in 1547. Pierluigi Farnese, a relative of Pope Paul III and an unpopular ruler was killed by rebels. The Spanish quickly seized the city, activating an alliance between the Pope and France.
Henry II re-occupied Saluzzo, on the border between France and Savoy in 1548.
In spring 1549 the French attempted to recapture Boulogne, but an assault was foiled. Boulogne was under siege until the following year. In March 1550 England and France made peace, Henry II bought Boulogne as part of the peace treaty, leaving him free to prepare for war with Charles V.

Meanwhile, the new Pope, Julius III, had restored Parma to Ottavio Farnese, grandson of the previous Pope and son-in-law of Charles V. Ottavio's relationship with Charles was poor, he had been dispossessed by Imperial forces after the murder of his father in 1547. Ottavio clashed with the Imperial Viceroy of Naples, who had already occupied Piacenza and wanted to take Parma. In December 1550 Ottavio asked for assistance from France to counter the pressure from the Viceroy, Henry II accepted his request and moved an army to Mirandola, in the northern Romagna.

The Hapsburg-Valois War (1551-59)

Pope Julius stripped Ottavio of Parma and Piacenza in May 1551 and, in June, a combined Papal and Imperial army prepared to move against Parma. The fighting involved both Imperial and French troops, but wasn't seen as a direct war between Henry and Charles. Fighting began with a minor defeat for the Papal forces en route to join with the Imperial army. French allies, the Farnese, threatened Papal territory at Bologna, causing the Pope to pull part of his army back to defend the city.
French troops from Mirandola moved to Parma. The Viceroy decided to try and attack both places.
Another French army began operations in Savoy in September 1551 and Charles lacked the resources to conduct two campaigns so Parma and Mirandola held out.

In January 1552 Henry II allied with the Protestant Schmalkaldic League, led by Elector Prince Maurice of Saxony. In the agreement they agreed to give the French the three Bishoprics of Toul, Metz and Verdun, surrounded by the Duchy of Lorraine and theoretically part of the Holy Roman Empire.
In March 1552 Henry II invaded Lorraine to establish his power in the Bishoprics, he also attempted to capture Strasburg, on the Rhine, but was repulsed.

Charles V was caught out by the outbreak of warfare in Germany, he tried to reach his forces in the Netherlands, but spent most of the summer trying to avoid the League. Eventually he came to terms with them, raised an army and besieged Metz between October 1552-January 1553. Charles's troops suffered heavy losses in the siege and the attack had to be abandoned.

In April 1552 Pope Paul made peace with Henry II, Ottavio was able to keep Parma. In July revolt broke out in Siena, where the Spanish were building a castle, the Spanish were expelled from the city. Cosimo de Medici, Duke of Florence, stopped trouble spreading, but the French got a garrison into the city. A siege started in 1553, but the French held out against the Spanish until 1555.
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THE EMPIRE;

The Second Schmalkaldic War
An uprising of German Protestant Princes led by Elector Maurice of Saxony against Emperor Charles V broke out in 1552. The Protestants were supported by King Henry II of France who sought to expand his territory in Lorraine.
The war was effectively a continuation of the First Schmalkaldic War in which Charles V and Maurice of Saxony jointly defeated the Schmalkaldic League of almost the same Protestant Princes. That conflict was settled by the Augsburg Interim, but discontent was growing at Augsburg in 1548. The Protestant Princes formed an alliance by the Treaty of Torgau in May 1551.
They sought to defend Protestantism and "Teutonic Liberty" which meant the freedom of the Imperial Princes. They also wanted to liberate Philip of Hesse, incarcerated by Charles in 1547.

France declared war in the autumn of 1551, and invaded Germany. In the Treaty of Chambord of January 1552, France promised financial and military aid in return for the three Bishoprics of Metz, Verdun, and Toul.

The Saxon elector, Maurice, acting for Charles, marched at the head of an army against Magdeburg, but allied himself with the city and the Emperor's opponents instead. Troops of the allied Princes conquered the southern German cities that remained loyal to the Emperor, and advanced into Tyrol in March 1552.
The Catholic Imperial Estates stressed they were neutral in this conflict. It was not in their interest to increase the Emperor's power. Charles barely escaped capture in Innsbruck and fled to Villach to rally new troops, meanwhile, his brother Ferdinand was negotiating with Maurice and the other Protestant princes.

Both parties signed the Peace of Passau in August 1552. The Princes gave up their alliance with France, and the Imperials released their prisoners.
They reached a compromise on the religious question, the basis for the Religious Peace of Augsburg of 1555.


The Second Margrave War
Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and Brandenburg-Bayreuth, instigated numerous raids, plunderings and the destruction against many towns and castles in Franconia. Other towns were also affected, such as Mainz, Worms, Oppenheim, Metz, Verdun, Frankfurt, and Speyer.
Despite having been part of the Schmalkaldic League, Alcibiades did not desist with the peace. In June 1552, Nuremberg capitulated followed by the capture of Forchheim and Bamberg.
In July 1553, Maurice, Elector of Saxony and Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg defeated Albert Alcibiades at the Battle of Sievershausen, Maurice was killed in the battle. Hof and Kulmbach surrendered to the allies later in 1553
Alcibiades was defeated in the Battle of Schwarzach in June 1554 effectively ending the war.
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HUNGARY;
For much of John II's reign, Eastern Hungary was governed by his mother, Isabella, with Bishop George Martinuzzi as regent. Martinuzzi and Isabella fell out, and Martinuzzi also turned against the Ottomans. He allied instead with Ferdinand, and compelled Isabella to sign the Treaty of Nyírbátor in 1549, which ceded Transylvania to Ferdinand. Isabella opposed the dispossession of her son and informed the Sultan immediately. A struggle between Isabella's forces and Martinuzzi's pro-Habsburg troops saw the royal residence at Gyulafehérvár besieged in 1550 and 1551.

Ferdinand was distracted by events in Germany which would impact on the intrigues for the impending election for the Imperial crown. The Habsburg army sent to Transylvania was composed of mercenaries, commanded by Giovanni Castaldo. Martinuzzi continued his intrigues, sending feudal tribute to the Sultan, and was killed by Castaldo in 1551. John II abdicated as king, and together with Isabella left for Poland.

Szeged was taken from the Turks by stealth but was recaptured by a force from Buda. A Turkish raid in 1551 temporarily captured southern Banat but these were re-taken after it withdrew.

In 1552 two Ottoman armies crossed the border, one campaigned against the western and central part of the country whilst the second attacked the Banat region, another force was active on the Croatian front. In the north, news of Drégely's fall allowed the Turks to take possession of the nearby castles without a fight. Outside Fülek, a 7,000-strong army, including German troops was completely destroyed and Fülek fell into the hands of the Turks.
In the south, Aldana, the Habsburg commander, retreated rather than reinforce Temesvár with his troops. Temesvár could possibly have withstood siege with reinforcements but fell in late July. Aldana retreated leaving Lippa, Karánsebes, and Lugos to the Turks.

The two armies marched on Szolnok, a new, modern, castle. The defenders had no trust in their commander and fled, Szolnok was captured without a struggle. The Turks turned their attention to Eger in the north, few expected it to put up much resistance as the two armies arrived before Eger.
The defenders numbered at most 2,000, all Hungarians, who fought for their homeland and family. The city fell to the Turks and cannon were now in close proximity to the walls of the outer castle.
Although assaulted several times, the Turks were repulsed. When called on to surrender, the messenger was driven out unanswered. The carronade continued and most of the walls were in ruins. After three days of attacks in four places, with full force, the Turks broke into the castle from three sides but, after hours of hard fighting, all seemed lost.

It was then that the women of the castle rushed to aid the fighters, throwing rocks, pouring hot water and oil on the enemy. Eger was saved.
The enormous loss, lack of food and early onset of winter forced the enemy into retreat.
This post from @Bob Hope is OTL
 
Hello folks! Today I present you a (maybe ignored but interesting) debate concerning Odoacer's domains. The available information gives us different posibilites of what status its territories had, so I portrayed them, relatively to the remaining parts of Western Rome and Eastern Rome (the upper-left entity shown is the Domain of Syragius or Soissons, which itself has its own debate about its status).

7xi0x61m.png


It is a relatively chaotic era with few documents surviving and as such we can't be sure about the real situation. What are your thougts about this?
 
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Hello folks! Today I present you a (maybe ignored but interest) debate concerning Odoacer's domains. The available information gives us different posibilites of what status its territories had, so I portrayed them, relatively to the remaining parts of Western Rome and Eastern Rome (the upper-left entity shown is the Domain of Syragius or Soissons, which itself has its own debate about its status).

View attachment 819174

It is a relatively chaotic era with few documents surviving and as such we can't be sure about the real situation. What are your thougts about this?
All the maps I've seen show Odoacer's Kingdom as independent, though it is usually mentioned that he supposedly ruled under Zeno's approval (at least as far as Zeno said publicly)
 
It's a phonetic transcription, not a transliteration, so it shows discreetly how that word is pronounced.
[snip]
One major correction: The circle below may represent voicelessness in IPA, but in traditional PIE transcription- which is a system that predates that usage- it actually means syllabic, ie the n should be pronounced like the 'en' of 'kitten' is for many Americans. I don't know for sure, but I suspect that also means h1 wouldn't be vocalic, as the n is the nucleus of the syllable. Neither the consontal realization of /h1/ nor the true place value of /gʷ/ are known for sure; some researchers suspect that the so-called velars and labiovelars may have actually been postvelar or even uvular in fact.

Also, @ other posters, despite what the placement of the superscript w suggests, secondary articulations like labialization are present throughout the sound and do not necessarily induce anything resembling a /u/ sound; even if there is one, it can just as easily be at the beginning, but more likely than not there wasn't one at all. Certainly surviving descendants do not have anything between the dorsal and nasal; see for example Latin 'Ignis'.
 
All the maps I've seen show Odoacer's Kingdom as independent, though it is usually mentioned that he supposedly ruled under Zeno's approval (at least as far as Zeno said publicly)
Some credible fonts show him paying tribute to Zeno, or at least having recognized him in a formal way as his superior.
Others point out that he recognised Nepos’ legitimacy as Emperor in the West, even minting money referencing the Emperor Nepos (one curious fact is that he could have invaded Illyria but he didn’t until Nepos was executed, and then had its assasins executed, because he formally recognized his power).

Also, he never declared himself emperor, only Dux (Duke), (and the mention of him as King (Rex) of Italy has only one citation on only one font, so it is not clear), nor rejected Imperial Rule; maintained the Roman Government system in Italy, cooperated with the Senate and ultimately didn’t break up with Roman Tradition, which could be compared to what happened with the Tetrarchy (having a subordinate but de facto autonomous ruler within one half of the Empire).

The main fact is that he didn't "invade" Italy, he was already in Italy being an official of the remnants of the Imperial Army, and also leader of the foederati: he staged a coup against Romulus Augustus (who himself was made Emperor after another early coup), supported by both the Eastern Emperor Zeno and the (Eastern recognized, Emperor in the West before Orestes' coup declared Romulus Augustus as Emperor) Western Emperor Nepos.

Furthermore, he didn’t (and couldn’t) approve new laws because he recognized the legitimacy of the Emperors, he could only write “edicts”, showing that de iure and de facto he was acting as the “governor” of the Prefecture of Italy, even with some autonomy.

That’s why I find it interesting, because we have all of this info but no one has bothered to investigate the possibilities.
 
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Crazy Boris

Banned
If this is historical, why is all of Arabia under direct Ottoman rule?

I‘ve seen some sources name Anizzah and Jabal Shammar as under Ottoman suzerainty. I’ve never been able to confirm this myself, but that’s probably why it’s like that here. As for why Nejd and the rest is included... no idea there.
 
I‘ve seen some sources name Anizzah and Jabal Shammar as under Ottoman suzerainty. I’ve never been able to confirm this myself, but that’s probably why it’s like that here. As for why Nejd and the rest is included... no idea there.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/260597

1914 Saudi-Ottoman Treaty - Myth or Reality?

Long story short, no its not a myth, in 1914 after the Anglo-Ottoman convention of 1913 British and Ottomans decided on how to divide up the Arabian peninsula and Saudi were left on the Ottoman side of the line so just before the beginning of the world war Ottomans made a deal with Saudis, they recognized their conquests and Saudis accepted Ottoman suzerainty. Saudi family was to rule the Najd Sanjak as Ottoman kaymakams, similar to Qatar and Kuwait, they were to fly the Turkish flag, accept a few hundred Ottoman soldiers for the sake of appereance but be independent to rule as they like. War changed it all very fast because British came up with a better offer, so its not very well known.

 
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