Proto-Black Panthers before 1960s

Just saw a NATO GEO doco on AMERICAN HATE last night, which covered the Black Panthers & 2 subsequent black separatist/nationalist groups including the New Black Panther Party (which has been labelled as a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Centre). Now, WI there'd been such Black panther-style groups for self-defence & advancement established by the African-American community before the late 60s ? WI say such organised black nationalist self-defence groups, say with much stroinger Marcus Garvey/UNIA influence, had arisen back in WWI (in response to East St Louis 1917 & other race riots, plus the horrible spectacle lynchings of that era) or WWII (in response to the Detroit race riots of 1943) ? In both eras, there were assertive black ppl (esp, of course, vets who;'d just come back home from fighting for freedom abroad & were wanting that same freedom at home) who took up arms & fought back against white racism (in the form of both the bigoted white gangs & the local police or National Guard who often didn't lift a finger to protect blacks like they were supposed to)- such as during the Red Summer riots in Chicago & DC in 1919, plus the Elaine, Arkansas & Tulsa race riots of 1921- then also in Detroit & other cities which experienced racial tensions in WWII- but to my knowledge they didn't systematically organise along the lines of the Black Panthers or similar black self-defence groups like the Deacons for Defence. WI they had ?
 
Former Panthers had given me the impression that the New Black Panther Party has very little heritage in the Black Panther Party for Self Defense, indeed, not much more than the name. But hey, what do they know?
 
Former Panthers had given me the impression that the New Black Panther Party has very little heritage in the Black Panther Party for Self Defense, indeed, not much more than the name. But hey, what do they know?

mate, that's very true- guys like Bobby Seale as founder of the original Black Panthers in this doco said exactly the same thing, which i personally reckon is true, given just how far the latter-day New Black Panthers are from what the original BPP were about. Anyways, my qn relates to WI there were Black Panthers a la the original self-defence/empowerment group set up by Huey newton-Bobby Seale in the troubled US racial climate of either of the 2 world wars ?
 
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