Catherine and Charles devised a simple plan that would benefit both France and the Ottoman Empire. They wanted to transplant persecuted Huguenots and Lutherans from France and the Holy Roman Empire to Moldavia in Eastern Europe. The small tributary principality of the Empire on the western coast of the Black Sea had been under Ottoman suzerainty for decades by the 1560s and was ideally situated between the Empire and Spain’s allies in central Europe. The well-armed Protestants would help create a formidable buffer state, certainly something the Ottomans would appreciate. In addition to easing tensions at home, Catherine would have loyal French citizens nearer to the lucrative Ottoman trade market, which obtained goods not just from their expansive empire but also from points as far east as China.
The French delegation that departed for Istanbul in 1566 was led by Huguenot Guillaume de Grandchamp de Grantrie, who would serve as French ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from 1566 to 1571. During his meeting with Ottoman officials, he suggested that the French and Ottomans establish a military colony at Moldavia consisting of Huguenots and French and German Lutherans. Grandchamp put himself forward as the potential military leader of the state, and he agreed to marry the sister of the current voyvoda (military leader) of Moldavia in order to bring the alliance to fruition. He even offered to become voyvoda himself and pay 20,000 ducats annually to the Ottomans.
Maximilian’s mixed Catholic and Protestant army, so the new sultan did not want to take the risk. The likelihood of an attack from the Ottoman’s Muslim rivals the Safavid Empire only increased following Suleiman’s death. Selim was uninterested in military expansion and even left military decisions to his ministers, a first for an Ottoman Sultan. It is no surprise that he shunned the creation of a military colony. Selim’s father had ruled during the height of Ottoman power, so he had no reason to seek French assistance at the time. Yet, most scholars agree that 1566 marked a turning point in Ottoman history, as the Empire struggled as a result of poor leadership thereafter. Over the next few decades, the once dominant Ottomans became a second-rate power in Europe.
While the proposal came at a bad time for the Ottomans, it made sense for Catherine to seek a Huguenot haven in Moldavia. The Ottoman Empire was known for its religious toleration, having accepted Protestants starting in the middle sixteenth century. Muslims and Protestants shared a number of religious preferences, such as their rejection of idols, and members of each faith had a common enemy in Spain. Though Selim was not ready for a colony in 1566, 3 years later the French and Ottomans formed a new agreement that allowed French merchants to utilize all Ottoman ports. Within months, the French took command of European trade in the Levant. The mere threat of a FrenchOttoman alliance was enough to strike fear in the hearts of the Hapsburg leadership. Huguenots might have had a chance to avoid the religious wars by emigrating to the Empire in 1569, but by that time France’s Protestants had lost their good graces with Catherine.