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IOTL, the Western world (i.e. Europe and the New World settled by Europeans) emerged as the most powerful and wealthy civilization of all time and completely eclipsed other powers in East Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East. The "Great Divergence" began in the Age of Discovery and continues to this very day.

It is my contention that this dominance was predestined since 5000BC. Starting from that PoD and running history for one million different TLs, European civilization would dominate a majority of those million TLs.

Now this might seem to be going back too far in history. Readers might be thinking a PoD in the 1500s at the earliest for such a statement. But the main reason is Europe's immense geographical advantage which existed since the dawn of history. The peoples that settled and civilized Europe would have a huge head start on world domination.

Europe's geography favored balkanization into smaller competing nation-states as its many natural barriers provide defensible borders. More importantly, Europe is full of peninsulas surrounded by water on three sides and thus naturally form nation-states almost all with outlets to the sea. Compounded this further, Europe is in the center of the land hemisphere and right next to the Americas with the trade winds blowing towards it. Combined, this leads to early naval exploration, conquest of the New World and domination of global maritime trade. Europe also has an abundance of coal and other industrial resources near good places for cities leading to early industrialization.

OTOH, other parts of the world had disadvantages. In the case of East Asia and South Asia, these are areas with small coast/area ratio. This meant that most of the population lived far from the sea. The New World was also far away due to the vast Pacific Ocean and trade winds blowing away from it.

If these regions developed large monolithic empires, they would become isolated empires eventually falling to the "high equilibrium trap" as IOTL China. And furthermore, they would expend a lot of effort just trying to maintain that large empire.

Or if these regions became balkanized, this would lead to lots of small kingdoms most of which would be landlocked and become remote and backwards. I mean sure an independent Yunnan or Sichuan might be possible but they were never going to become analogues of France or Spain but backwards primitive areas. And any coastal area states like Guangdong would be too small and weak and geographically vulnerable to ever become a viable major power.

Europe's geographic advantage doesn't guarantee dominance but it does give it a head start. Enough that in a million TLs, over 60% of them will resemble ours in terms of Europe dominating the world.
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