The US is a bit decentralized for that to work in, but who really knows if things get bad enough. Authoritarianism tends to put a damper on economic activity, which is why I doubt that the US would adopt it. The American economy was what maintained our parity, along with nukes and a dominant navy, with the Soviets. Sacrificing that for a better crushing of almost nonexistent movements is something I doubt would be done. Longer lasting McCarthyism is not out of the realm of possibility, however.
In Europe, I can see this as more possible. A ruined economy leads to asserting control a hell of a lot easier to bring about. The continental states could see this especially, although with a lot more opposition from Communist movements which were actually powerful. In Britain, the growing welfare state and growing state power offers an opportunity for this kind of stuff (rationing remained even post war, the NHS, etc.) but Britain's political character makes me think that much like the US, it would be hard to bring this about. As for Italy, West Germany, and France, I see it as very possible to bring about.