Ask and ye shall receive...
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1995 would be a seminal year for DC Comics, particularly because it was the tenth anniversary of the multiverse shattering Crisis on Infinite Earths. Though DC’s intent for the maxi-series was to streamline the Pre-Crisis multiverse into a single universe to make more accessible for new readers, it had the opposite effect. According to writer Marv Wolfman, none of the characters in the new DC universe (save for a few survivors from the multiverse like Harbinger, Lady Quark, and Pariah) were supposed to remember the Crisis or the existence of the multiverse, which caused the first of many continuity snarls. Janette Khan’s edict that Superman be the sole survivor of Krypton caused the first major snarl. Kara Zor-El’s sacrifice to save Superman in Crisis on Infinite Earths played a critical role in the story as did Barry Allen’s. However, if DC’s heroes remembered Barry’s sacrifice, then who saved Superman in Crisis on Infinite Earths #7?
Similarly, John Byrne’s Man of Steel established that Superman began his career as an adult and never was Superboy in the new universe. That created a snarl for the Legion of Super-Heroes because Superboy and Supergirl were charter members of the team. Additionally, Superboy sent Mon-El to the Phantom Zone in the previous continuity and created another paradox. Legion writer Paul Levitz attempted to rectify it by creating a Pre-Crisis Superboy from a pocket universe. Then in 19898 Superman editor Mark Carlin ordered the new Legion creative tem to sever any ties to the Man of Steel, which necessitated the a soft reboot where Mo-El took Superboy’s place as Valor that created more snarls.
Wonder Woman and Hawkman’s revised origins also created paradoxes that required multiple retcons to correct. In the case of the former, the retcons did not affect Wonder Woman herself as it did Donna Troy AKA Wonder Girl. The character herself was the product of a misunderstanding; “Wonder Girl” was originally Wonder Woman as an adolescent but Bob Haney, the creator of the Teen Titans, thought she was a separate character and thus included her in Teen Titans #1. She became an orphan rescued by Wonder Woman—however, George Perez’s reboot of Wonder Woman placed her debut in the contemporary DC universe, well after the debut of Wonder Girl and the Justice League (though DC substituted her with Black Canary as a JLA founding member.)
As for Hawkman, Tim Truman planned for Hawkworld to be a retelling of Katar Hol incarnation of the character, which would lead into 1961’s Brave and the Bold #34. However, John Ostrander’s follow up Hawkworld established that Katar Hol, like Wonder Woman, debuted in the contemporary DC universe. However, Katar Hol was a longtime member of the Justice League of America and appeared in Action Comics and Justice League International Post-Crisis, which created even more complications. Despite attempts at substitution (the Golden Age Hawkman, Carter Hall taking his place on the JLA and a Thanagarian spy assuming the role in Invasion), it was clear that DC’s continuity became too complicated for new readers hence the need to iron out the kinks.
DC intended to release Crisis in Time: Zero Hour in July 1994 but according to Zero Hour writer, Dan Jurgens, Janette Khan believed that February 1995 would be more appropriate for it to coincide with the original Crisis. What DC originally slated to be a five issue series expanded into eight parts released over two months. The delay also gave DC’s other talent more room to accommodate the event as well as provide creative input. The rehabilitation of former Green Lantern, Hal Jordan; Emerald Twilight was an extremely polarizing story arc because it reduced a longtime member of the Justice League into a murderer. Eventually, Mark Waid came up with the solution that Hal Jordan’s breakdown was part of the manipulations of longtime Legion foe, the Time Trapper who became the primary villain of Zero Hour.
The best way I can condense the plot is this: after Hal Jordan (now Parallax) absorbed the power of the Central Power Battery on Oa, the Time Trapper fed him visions of the original Crisis where the five remaining Earth merging into one. Convinced that if he restarted time, he would restore the multiverse and Coast City along with it. Time began to unravel, erasing the 30th century entirely, and temporal anomalies brought back previously deceased or incapacitated, like the second Doctor Mid-Nite (Beth Chapel) and Batgirl, and caused the various timelines to converge. Once the heroes discovered the source of the anomalies they confronted Parallax in the void that existed before the Big Bang. The Time Trapper revealed himself and then struck Jordan down to take control of time itself. Jordan, having come to his senses and repentant for his actions used the last of his power to destroy the Time Trapper and create a new Big Bang and a new timeline.
The event in itself was almost as controversial as Emerald Twilight. Like Armageddon 2001 before it, a leaked memo revealed that DC originally planned to kill off the Justice Society because Mike Carlin believed that, “no one wanted to read a book about old superheroes.” Fan outcry prompted a last-minute revision; instead of killing the Justice Society, they lost the plot contrivance that kept them young. Those deemed redundant, like the Golden Age Atom, Dr. Mid-Nite, and Hourman as well as Starman and Wildcat, went into permanent retirement while their successors took their mantles. There were still casualties other than Hal Jordan. The Golden Age Hawkman and Hawkgirl died in a particularly gruesome fashion, impaled from behind by Parallax when he revealed himself. Power Girl, a throwback to the pre-Crisis Earth-2, also died in a scene that mirrored the original Supergirl’s in the previous Crisis.
DC launched a special “zero” issue for each of their ongoing titles that “revised” the continuity discrepancies via modified origins. For example, Donna Troy’s post-Crisis origin remained intact, however, Wonder Woman debuted before her and was again a Justice League founder and thus took Donna on as an “apprentice” as well as Hippolyta declaring her an honorary Amazon. Similarly, Katar Hol’s Hawkworld origin was still in continuity but he arrived on Earth at the same time as his Silver Age compatriots. DC Comics also released DC Comics Presents #0, which contained the definitive timeline of the new DC Universe.
Crisis on Infinite Earths earned the largely undeserved reputation of helping usher in the “dark age” because the maxi-series was contemporaneous with Watchmen and The Dark Knight Returns, which deconstructed the medium. Most comic book historians credit Zero Hour with the reconstruction of the genre. In the wake of the crossover, DC wanted the “iconic” versions of the Justice League and Teen Titans to return. As such Mark Waid, having proven himself on Flash, took on writing duties of Justice League (formerly Justice League America) , which restored the “Big Seven” plus longtime members like Green Arrow and Black Canary as well as a new Doctor Fate. Justice League also reinvigorated the career of George Perez, who stayed on the title for an unbroken four-year run. New Titans simply became the Titans written by Karl Kesel and drawn by Howard Porter, which involved Robin (Tim Drake), Superboy, Impulse, and a new Wonder Girl under the tutelage of Troia, Nightwing, and Arsenal.
However, DC completely rebooted the Legion of Super-Heroes overseen by Animal Man and Doom Patrol writer Grant Morrison and a young Bryan Hitch. In many ways, Morrison’s Legion was a loving pastiche of old pulp science fiction like Buck Rogers, Flash Gordon, or even the UK’s own Dan Dare. Fan responded positively to the new direction and for a time it even outsold Justice League. In some ways, the success of Legion and Justice League paved the way for Morrison and Waid’s acclaimed reimagining on Action Comics and Superman at the end of the decade.
So did Zero Hour fix all of DC’s continuity problems? No, but they were far less pronounced post-ZH and DC’s policy was to ignore past mistakes and focus on the present and future. It also helped bring an end to gun-toting antihero trend that defined Image and, to a lesser extent, Marvel. For the first time in decades, DC outsold Marvel on a consistent basis where Justice League and Legion regular surpassed X-Men (albeit by a narrow margin.) With its non-Spider-Man and X-Men titles in disarray, DC’s revamp would force Marvel to reexamine its strategy. However, the battles in the boardroom and Marvel’s bankruptcy would complicate matters.
But that is another story for another day.
-from the blog "The Musing Platypus" by B. Ronning, January 9, 2014