Plausibility Check: A 19th or 20th Century European Hegemon Other than France, Germany, or Russia?

No, it doesn't since most of its population and most of its territory are outside of Europe.
That is true, but don't forget a very large portion of Europe, the entire Balkans to be exact, including modern day Greece, Bulgaria, Rumania, the former Yugoslavia, Albania, just to name a few, were at one time under Ottoman control.

But I do concede that the majority of the Ottoman Empire for most if its history was outside of Europe.
 
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Maybe after the Napoleonic Wars the British King is given a personal union over the Low Countries and Hanover. They go onto form the British Empire in Europe.
It's not just about giving Britain some notable territories in Europe, it's about tying them to the continent, in a manner that makes them want to conquer Europe. They almost did so back in the 1400s, but by the 1800s, I don't see Britain wanting to fight for a Continential Empire - not when looking to the sea has reaped such dividends.
 

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Given the date of the POD it would have to be Hanover wouldn't it??

Have Victoria born male (as it were) or the Hanoverians allow her to carry on being ruler. "British" Hanover is a part of the Empire when Prussia comes calling...
 
Given the date of the POD it would have to be Hanover wouldn't it??

Have Victoria born male (as it were) or the Hanoverians allow her to carry on being ruler. "British" Hanover is a part of the Empire when Prussia comes calling...
But Hanover and Britain never seemed to have any common political ties to each other than the sovereign. Hanover's concerns dealt with Germany and the European continent while the British were much more global. Not to say the the Viceroy sent to Hanover in the name of the British monarchs, such as the British Prince, the Duke of Cambridge, who served for his father (George III) and his brothers (George IV both as regent and King, and William IV) did not keep in mind British interests. Even George V of Hanover, (The Duke of Cumberlnd) never forgot he was also a Prince of the United Kingdom, but he reigned not for British interests but those of the Kingdom of Hanover. He often made decisions for Hanover as King that were contradictory to his own opinions as a British Prince and member of the House of Lords.

If Victoria were allowed to rule as a woman it might make for a more interesting timeline as her husband Prince Albert dreamed of an Alliance between Prussia and the UK. (He married off his eldest daughter, also named Victoria, to the future Frederick III.). He may have even envisioned a united Germany with his daughter and son in law working together for a more liberal and progressive Germany that he hoped to see.
 
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