You'd probably need to have a fair understanding of how soundwave work.
Edouard-Léon Scott de Martinville got close to sound recording in the 1850s (actually, his recording of Au Clair de La Lune is the oldest sound recording avaible), but incomplete knowledge of acoustics and mechanics of acoustics delayed working recording for two decades, less because it didn't work, that because the restitution process wasn't either that mastered or even really considered.