Photos of the Kaiserreich

Oh god 😭😬☠️☠️☠️☠️
Ironically enough for a US that has essentially gone full Apartheid for African Americans, Jim Jones was IOTL a proponent of racial equality. He also apparently took inspiration and even from Father Divine (an African American cult leader in the early 1900s), who in Kaiserreich is affiliated with the CSA.

But… yeah, God help America under Jim Jones.
 
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Canadian self- propelled antitank gun of 94 mm. Named as "Tortoise", it was used from 1943 to 1959 by the Canadian and South African armies.
 
Operation: Crownbreaker Part 1

America's M4 Sherman Tank, a WWII War Machine

USSA Continental Army soldiers riding a AOC1A1 Butler Medium Tank into a New England town, circa 1942
Tensions between the United Socialist States of America and Canada had always been high. It was common knowledge that the Entente and the Reichspakt had both backed Macarthur's Military Government. That didn't exactly endear the Provisional Revolutionary Congress to the Canadians. To say nothing of the Entente blockade. Lending credence to the idea that there was a 'global reactionary conspiracy' was also the fact that Ottawa played host to MacArthur and other members of the Military Government like William Randolph Hearst and Cordel Hull ever since the Military Government collapsed. The most egregious of Canada's sins, though, was its backing of New England and its seizure of Alaska.

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Map of North American prior to Operation Crownbreaker

Even Americans not very dedicated to newly elected President Foster regarded both of the territorial losses as vicious back stabs. Popular culture, even without the input of the Committee of Public Information, portrayed the Canadians as conniving royalists hellbent on sabotaging the great American syndicalist experiment. 'Kill the Canuck' was a line that came from a war film about the Battle of St. Louis directed by Orson Wells in 1940. It soon became the slogan of any American angry at the Canadians for taking rightful American land. State propaganda soon took advantage of this potential gold mine and began slapping it everywhere. It was very successful.

As jingoist public sentiment abounded, tensions at the border only increased. Tense staring contests along the border became an almost daily occurrence. Sometimes outright firefights erupted between squads of opposing infantry. The only thing that seemed to stop the two from going straight into war was the fact both were distracted by other matters. Repairing the damage caused by the civil war sapped American resources on one hand. Wars in India and South Africa diverted the best Canadian troops.

So for three years after the victory of the Provisional Revolutionary Congress there was a (relative) peace along the border. Tense staring matches and negotiations over refugees abounded. Shooting was kept between squads of patrolling infantry and nothing more.

That is not to say that Foster and the TUUL didn’t have Canada and New England in their sights. Alaska and New England were to be reclaimed, of course. Canada would be dealt with in its own time, too. In order to do that, though, the country needed to be rebuilt. The Continental Army needed to be modernized and enlarged for the coming war. Navy ships were retrofitted. Columns of tanks came out of factories at ever increasing efficiency. Aircraft were churned out. The USAS was heading on a warpath.

Canada was not idle while the USAS prepared for war. Lines of defenses were crafted along the Ontario peninsula to stop an advance through there. New England was heavily fortified, with the best Canadian and New Englander troops being placed along the most likely axis of attack. Entente war planners figured that they didn't have enough troops to man the entire border, so Alberta and Manitoba were essentially left with a skeleton force only meant to delay whatever the Continental Army threw their way. The Canadian Rockies were manned by an elite mountain division force. Machine gun nests and stockpiles of weapons were created all across the Rockies in case British Columbia became occupied.

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Canadian Mountain Division soldier looks down the sights of a Japanese machine gun in the Canadian Rockies. The Canadians used many different types of guns while stockpiling in the Rockies. This particular gun was likely taken from PSA soldiers fleeing to the Canadian border
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Widely circulated Canadian photo of an Ontario woman posing with a Sten submachine gun. Such images were used to show that Canada was willing to fight to the last

Canadian military planners believed that the main American assault would come through New England. The idea being that Foster would place priority on retaking New England over an invasion of Canada. Therefore, the best Canadian troops available were stationed in New England. If the Americans came through New England, as the military buildup of thousands of tanks and air planes along the Canadian border suggested, they would be in for the fight of the ages. The best of the best of Canadian intelligence assured the Canadians that the Continental Army was going to assault New England. Even turncoats in the American intelligence and military assured them this was the case.

It was exactly what America's Centralized Intelligence Agency intended.

It was a ruse. The main axis of American advance was not going to be in New England, but the Ontario peninsula. Foster was no fool. He knew that it was widely expected that American tanks thundering through New England would mark the beginning of the invasion. So instead, it was planned for American tanks thundering through Ontario to be the mark of an invasion. All of the contacts that Canadian intelligence had in the USAS had already been caught. Through a variety of methods, most had been turnt. Those turnt spies had then fed Canadian intelligence a variety of falsehoods. Troop numbers, strategic and tactical targets, etc. There had even been a fake army of balloon tanks and airplanes that were placed along the New England border in hope of convincing reconaissance planes of the inflated troop numbers along the border. The ruse was successful. His majesty's secret service fell hook line and sinker. Canada was in for a surprise.

The American plan for war was multifaceted. While the invasion of Canada and New England was termed Operation Greene, the name for broader American action in the Western Hemisphere against the Entente was called Operation Crownbreaker. Operation Crownbreaker essentially called for the Continental Navy to cut of Canada from reinforcement and the rapid destruction of Entente resistance through an armored spearhead supported by Close Air Support and overwhelming artillery advantage. Strategic islands like Bermuda, Jamaica, and the Bahamas would be seized by the Revolutionary Marines in rapid succession. These islands would then be used as forward bases for submarine attacks on any reinforcements from National France or India. The Canadian Navy would be either cut off from port or destroyed by the massive Continental Navy.

Operation Greene, named after Revolutionary War hero Nathaniel Greene, was the American plan for the invasion of Canada and New England. It called for a swift armored and mechanized thrust into Ontario from Buffalo and Detroit respectively. Through maneuver warfare and overwhelming firepower, the Canadian defenses manning the border would be overrun. Toronto, center of Canadian industry it was, would fall. When the Canadians inevitably diverted forces into Toronto to prevent the Continental Army from completely breaking through, armored and mechanized forces in New England would launch an offensive. The undermanned New England defenses would fail. Simultaneously, specialist amfibious raids across the Great Lakes would link up with contacts inside Canada to sabotage logistical targets. Cross border raids into Alberta and Manitoba would sever raid connections, effectively cutting Canada in two. Air bases and refueling stations would be targeted by American air assets. Battles would take place all along Canada's border, each with their own objectives and purpose.

It would be an immense logistical undertaking. Inmates in the numerous Socialization Camps around the country labored for months in grueling conditions to clear roads along the Northern border under the watchful eye of the CIA's armed wing: the American Revolutionary Guard Corps. Teams of paid construction men worked to create rail lines capable of handling the sheer amount of material that had to go into Operation Crownbreaker. Rows upon rows of trucks were readied to support the logistics. Radios, newspapers, and Four Minute Men beat on the war drum. It was clear as day the USAS was to invade.

R.B. Bennett | The Canadian Encyclopedia
Neville Chamberlain - IMDb
Winston Churchill as writer - Wikipedia

From left: Canadian Prime Minister P.M. Bennett, British Exile politician Neville Chamberlain, British Exile writer Winston Churchill

In the meantime, the Canadians tried desperately to find a potential diplomatic solution. Canadian Prime Minister P.M. Bennett suggested a proposal that "in order to spare our countries and youth from the fires of destructive war", he would cede Alaska, New England, and all Americans who had served a rival government during the civil war to the USAS. In exchange, he would secure a non-aggression pact with the United Socialist States. British exile and politician Neville Chamberlain privately said that, "Prime Minister Bennet would cede hundreds of thousands of soldiers rightfully fearful of a brutal and oppressive regime. He would surrender one of our greatest allies and industrial centers. And what would he get? A scrap of paper that he would wave and declare that he had achieved peace in our time between Americans and Canadians."

Close confidant to King Edward, Sir Winston Churchill put it more bluntly, "That fool of a proposal would leave us with nothing but a treaty when the Americans come again next year. We cannot surrender New England without giving the Syndicalists a hell of a time." War would come, no matter what.

And so, just as the clock struck midnight in March 15th of 1942: the Ides of March, American tanks crossed into Ontario. At 8:00 AM that day, President Foster declared war on the Dominion of Canada and its 'illegitimate secessionist puppets'. Operation Crownbreaker was a go.

Canadian soldiers of all creeds and origins steeled themselves for what was sure to be a fight for their nations independence. New Englanders, having fled the burning ship that was America in 1937, now prepared to defend their cherished freedom and rights as Americans to defend themselves from the Red Terror that had engulfed the rest of their once great nation. Admirals and sailors alike in the navy's knew the battles at sea would determine the fate of the war. American airmen circled Entente airfields and dockyards, hoping to find the Entente air and sea assets off guard for a quick decapitation strike. The soldiers of the Continental Army listened intently to their political commissars. Their commissars gave speeches on the righteousness of the cause, of the spreading of the revolution and the reclamation. Not all the Continental Army soldiers were socialists. Many despised commissars. But they all breathed as one organism that day. They would retake New England and Alaska. The reactionaries and royalists in Ottawa would fall.
 
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King Vasyl I of Ukraine in 1945
As a result of Austrian intervention in the uprising against the Hetman of Ukraine, Pavlo Skoropadskyi, between 1936 and 1937, the Austrians installed Archduke Wilhelm Karl of Habsburg-Lorraine as Hetman of Ukraine. Archduke Wilhelm had been a colonel in the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen and a candidate for the title of King of Ukraine during the First Weltkrieg, however, his attempts and those of Austria to install him as King of Ukraine thwarted Wilhelm's attempts to flee Ukraine in 1919. After months of declining support from the struggling Austrian government and increasing resistance from Skoropadsky's German-backed regime, having escaped to Galicia-Lodomeria, the Archduke would spend the next two decades financing various anti-hetman movements in Ukraine. As a result of his rise to power in Ukraine in January 1937, assuming the name Vasyl Vyshyvany, Ukraine would eventually leave the German bloc in favor of the Austrian bloc, however the Russian invasion of Ukraine in January 1940, and the beginning of the Second Weltkrieg would put the existence of the Ukrainian state at risk once again, during the years of the Second Weltkrieg, Ukraine would end up being the main battlefront of the Eastern Front in Europe, with the Russians managing to take most of Ukraine between 1940 and 1941.
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Increased Ukrainian Territory after the End of the Second Weltkrieg (1944)
With the end of the Second Weltkrieg and the defeat of Russia, Ukraine would be destroyed, but would be rewarded with several Russian territories such as Kuban, Rostov, Belgorod and Kursk. In the following years, with economic aid from Austria and Germany, Ukraine would gradually rebuild itself with Vasyl in command, and in 1945, at the age of 50, the Archduke would fulfill his old ambition, being crowned King of Ukraine. Vasyl I would reign for a total of 23 years before his death at the age of 76 on December 7, 1971.
 
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Logo for the award-winning Anglo-Canadian historical drama series, The Crown
The Crown is a British historical drama television series about the British royal family, produced by the BBC between 2016 and 2023. The series consists of six seasons spanning over fifty years of the history of the British royal family from before the First Weltkrieg to the aftermath of the Second, beginning shortly before the death of Queen Victoria in 1901 and ending with the accession of Queen Elizabeth II in 1952, covering several landmark events of the 20th century in Britain and Canada such as the Edwardian era, the British defeat in the First Weltkrieg, the Great Slump, the British Revolution and Collapse of the British Empire, the exile of the British royal family to Canada, the Liberation of the Home Islands and the abdication of King Edward VIII.
  • The First Season (2016) covers the period 1901 to 1910, beginning with the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, including various events of the Edwardian era such as the Second Boer War, the rise of Socialism, the Creation of the Entente Cordiale and the beginning of the tensions in Europe that would lead to the First Weltkrieg, ending with the death of Edward VII in 1910 and the accession of King George V.​
  • The Second Season (2017) covers the period 1910–1919, beginning with the accession of George V to the British throne amidst a constitutional crisis triggered by the Parliament Act 1911 and establishing the supremacy of the elected British House of Commons over the unelected House of Lords, the coronation and Delhi Durbar in 1911, the British entry into the First Weltkrieg in 1914, the Easter Rising, the change of the name of the royal house to Windsor in 1917, the rescue of the Romanovs in 1918, the death of Prince John, and the British defeat in the war with the signing of the "Peace with Honour" in 1919.​
  • The Third Season (2019) covers the period 1919 to 1926, beginning with the immediate aftermath of the "Peace with Honour" and showing the chaotic 1919 General Election and the Irish War of Independence, the marriage of Edward, Prince of Wales to Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia, the economic recession and several strikes of the Great Slump period, the Curzon Crisis of 1923, the Government of Ramsay MacDonald and finally the British Revolution and the flight of the Royal Family to Canada in 1925, ending on a bittersweet note with the birth of Princess Elizabeth in exile in 1926.​
  • The Fourth Season (2020) covers the period from 1926 to 1935, showing the adaptation of the British Royal Family to exile, the decline in King George V's health and the deterioration of the King's relationship with his heir, Prince Edward Albert of Wales, and the beginning of the cooling of the marriage of the Prince of Wales and his wife , as well as the conflict of interest between the native Canadians and the exiles.​
  • The Fifth Season (2022) covers the period from 1936 to 1944, showing from the death of King George V to the Liberation of the Home Islands, the highlights of this season are the rise of King Edward VIII and his consolidation of power, the Canadian intervention in the American Civil War, the beginning of the relationship between Elizabeth of York and Philip of Greece and Denmark, and finally the return of the royal family from Exile in 1944, ending with the coronation of King Edward VIII at Westminster Abbey.​
  • The sixth season (2022) covers the period from 1944 to 1952, showing the last years of the reign of King Edward VIII, the Reconstruction of Britain, the deterioration of King Edward's relationship with Queen Tatiana, the relationship and marriage of Princess Elizabeth of York to Philip of Greece and Denmark and ending with the abdication of Edward VIII and accession of Elizabeth II in 1952.​
The Crown has been praised by critics for its acting, directing, writing, cinematography, and production value. However, its historical inaccuracies have been criticized, particularly in the second half of the series. Despite this, a spin-off and sequel to the series was announced for 2026, provisionally called "By the Grace of God", about the Reign of Elizabeth II.
 
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Frañsez IV, King of Brittany, born as Prince Franz of Bavaria, third son of King Ludwig III of Bavaria, with the defeat of France in the Second Weltkrieg in 1943 Germany established the Kingdom of Brittany through the Decree of Rennes of May 02, 1943, forming it as a pro-German puppet state, Frañsez IV would reign from May 02, 1943 until his death at age 81 on January 25, 1957, reigning for a total of 13 years. Although still seen primarily as a German puppet, the reign of François IV is seen in Brittany as a period of revival of Breton national identity, as well as of the Breton language (which the new king devoted himself vigorously to learning) in favor of the decline of French identity and language.
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King Louis I of Brittany and his wife, Princess Irmingard of Bavaria, Louis I would reign from January 25, 1957 until his death at the age of 95 on October 17, 2008, having reigned for 51 years.
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King Leopold of Brittany, current King of Brittany since 2008, being the first Breton monarch to be born in Brittany in almost 400 years
 
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Gukpard

Gone Fishin'
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Frañsez IV, King of Brittany, born as Prince Franz of Bavaria, third son of King Ludwig III of Bavaria, with the defeat of France in the Second Weltkrieg in 1943 Germany established the Kingdom of Brittany through the Decree of Nantes of December 12, 1943, forming it as a pro-German puppet state, Frañsez IV would reign from December 12, 1944 until his death at age 81 on January 25, 1957, reigning for a total of 12 years. Although still seen primarily as a German puppet, the reign of François IV is seen in Brittany as a period of revival of Breton national identity, as well as of the Breton language (which the new king devoted himself vigorously to learning) in favor of the decline of French identity and language.
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King Louis I of Brittany and his wife, Princess Irmingard of Bavaria, Louis I would reign from January 25, 1957 until his death at the age of 95 on October 17, 2008, having reigned for 51 years.
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King Leopold of Brittany, current King of Brittany since 2008, being the first Breton monarch to be born in Brittany in almost 400 years
Britanny is one of the most picturesque places in the Reichspakt to visit, they have nice beaches, a flourishing bread culture and the neo celtic architecture employed by locals is lovely!

Though the portuguese bread culture is still the superior one! Bow to the padarias!😤
 
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The Plan Voisin by the French-Swiss architect Le Corbusier, a Paris remodeling project designed in 1925 (Left) Apartment building in the Commune of France, 1925-1926 (right)
In the countries that fell to the Red Revolution, the Modernist architecture movement dominated in the 1920s and 1930s. After the devastation caused by the First Weltkrieg, the French Commune, the Italian Socialist Republic and later the Union of Great Britain sought to rebuild their nations by abandoning any unnecessary decoration typical of the pre-war decades in favor of pure forms, which were also easier and cheaper to build. Furthermore, many Syndicalists and Totalist leaders saw the old Neoclassical architecture typical of the Belle Epoque as a symbol of the old order, wanting to shake off this oppressive past in favor of a more practical and modern future. Among the dominant figures in the rise of modernism in the French Commune was Charles-Édouard Jeanerette, a Swiss-French architect who in 1920 adopted the name Le Corbusier. He built a series of houses and villas in and around Paris, all of which were built according to a common system based on the use of reinforced concrete and reinforced concrete pillars in the interior that supported the structure, allowing for glass curtain walls on the facade and open floor plans, independent of the structure. They were always white and had no ornament or decoration on the exterior or interior. In Mussolini's Totalist Italy, many buildings considered old and obsolete were demolished in favor of the construction of new modern buildings. Mussolini's short-lived rule over Rome between 1940 and 1942 would be particularly brutal in this regard, with him demolishing many buildings that were "symbols of the old order" and planning far-fetched modernist architectural plans, with the intention of rebuilding Rome in his own particular style. Among Mussolini's many crazy dreams was to demolish St. Peter's Basilica and replace it with a futuristic art gallery. Fortunately, the defeat of the Third International of the Second Weltkrieg would undermine any such plans.
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Richmond Riverside, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain (left) and a building on a street in Budapest, United States of Greater Austria (right) are two great examples of New Classical Architecture in the Modern Day
The end of the Second Weltkrieg saw the decline of the modernist movement, due to its strong connection with the Syndicalist regimes of the Third International, modernism was viewed with great contempt by the reactionary powers of the Entente and Mitteleuropa. In the second half of the 20th century, world powers attempted to rescue the architectural brilliance of the pre-war period, adopting more elaborate and decorated styles against the simplistic and practical modernism. This period would see the rise of the Neoclassical revival movements with the rise of New Classical Architecture.
 
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Several Italian politicians and diplomats meet at the Conference of Venice of 1942-1943
Soon after the fall of Turin on 27 August 1942 and the defeat of the Socialist Republic of Italy, the future of the Italian peninsula was quickly put on the agenda, which is why the Venice Conference was initiated to decide the future of Italy. At the end of the war on the peninsula, the Entente armies of France and Sardinia controlled the Piedmont region, the Sicilian armies controlled the south and centre of the peninsula, while Austria controlled the north-east of the peninsula. The Kingdom of Sardinia wished to restore Italy to its pre-First Weltkrieg borders, with a unified Kingdom of Italy under the House of Savoy, however this was overwhelmingly rejected by the other powers; the Two Sicilies, despite being Entente allies, did not wish to lose their political independence once again and rejected the idea of a second deposition of the House of Bourbon-Parma in favour of Savoy-Aosta, whilst Austria did not want a pro-Entente reunified Italian state on its borders, preferring an Italy fragmented into several small states led by a pro-Austrian Italian Federation.
A compromise was finally reached on June 01, 1943, the Italian Federation would be restored, with a Congress in Milan composed of delegates from the member states of the federation, with delegates standing for election every ten years and with Pope Pius XII as its first Head restored. In territorial matters, Italy would have its borders restored to their pre-Risorgimento status, with the restoration of several states in northern Italy that had been abolished in the 19th century; the Papal States would receive their Adriatic coast back after almost 80 years; the Kingdom of Sardinia, to its own chagrin, would receive only Piedmont back into its domains; the Grand Duchy of Tuscany would be restored under Archduke Giuseppe Ferdinand; the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza would be restored under Elias of Bourbon-Parma; and the Duchy of Modena and Reggio would be restored under Archduke Robert of Austria, son of Kaiser Karl I of Austria; finally, the Italian Republic would be restructured as a restored Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia under a personal union with Austria.
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Map of the Italian Peninsula after the Conference of Venice, 1943
 
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Henri VI, King of France in 1944
After the invasion and fall of Syndicalist France in 1943, the German government occupied northern France once more, and with the defeat of the French Commune, the heart of the revolution was firmly torn out. In Germany, a new idea emerged during the war; during the last century, Germany had been at war with France three times and had always been an existential threat. This caused a common feeling among the civilian government and the responsible military that France could not continue to exist independently, lest it become a threat again. Thus, in clear violation of the Halifax Conference of 1938, Germany created a short-lived military administration in 1943-44 to oversee the de-unionization of France and the transition to a German-aligned Kingdom.
The big question was who would take over the kingdom? The idea of placing a member of German royalty, such as Prince Georg Wilhelm of Hanover or Jean of Luxembourg, as King of France was quickly rejected due to the immense unpopularity it would cause. The Orleans already ruled the Kingdom of National France and were the most vocal opponents of the German occupation of northern France, while the Bonapartes were considered unacceptable due to their role in the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. The initial plan was for Elias, Duke of Parma, to renounce his Italian kingdoms to Archduke Robert of Austria and assume the throne as King of France, since the Duke of Parma was a descendant of the last Bourbon king of France through the female line and a descendant of Louis XIV through the male line. However, Elias's refusal to renounce his Italian throne made this plan impossible. With the Duke of Parma's refusal, German eyes turned to a different candidate, Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia, second son of the late and deposed King Alfonso XIII and current head of the Capetian dynasty, who was 35 years old and living in exile in Austria. After being contacted by the German government, he accepted the offer to become King of France, and was crowned on 28 July 1944 as Henri VI, King of France, in the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Reims, not recognizing the Orleanist Henri VI of the South of France.
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Jean IV, King of the French (Southern France) since 2019 and Louis XX, King of France (Northern France) since 2016
 
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Flag of the Kingdom of France (Northern France) (Left) and Flag of the Kingdom of France (Southern France) (Right)
Although both nations call themselves the Kingdom of France, and are commonly differentiated as Northern France and Southern France, Southern France adhered to the reactionary and Integralist principles of Charles Maurras' Action Française. The defeat in the First Weltkrieg and the Syndicalist Revolution would lead to great resentment against republicanism and revolutionary symbols and ideas in National France. One of the first measures of the Integralist government was to replace several national symbols of France, the main one obviously being the tricolor flag of the French Revolution, a perfidious revolutionary symbol that for almost a century was flown over France and for almost a century France found itself in a pathetic situation, suffering one humiliation after another. As a result, the new government replaced the tricolor flag with the White and Gold Fleur-de-Lys standard of the Ancien Régime, from a time when France sang the praises of Henri IV and Louis XIV and France was truly great. In Northern France, when in 1945 there was a transition from the German Military Administration to the modern Kingdom of France under the House of Bourbon, the new government was formed mainly by pro-German politicians and military personnel, and other politicians more liberal than in the south, thus, the French Constitution ended up adopting the army flag used during the Bourbon Restoration, ironically keeping the Tricolor flag with only the Coat of Arms of the House of Bourbon in the center.
 
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Procession of the Image of Our Lady of the Assumption, Regina Galliae, on August 1, 2024 near the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris, since 1936, the Assumption of Our Lady is the National Day of the Kingdom of France (Southern France)
With the Restoration of the French Monarchy in 1936, several revolutionary symbols were suppressed by the new regime in favor of more traditional symbols of the French Monarchy. The vulgar Marianne, symbol of the Republic, always naked and looking more like a prostitute or a beggar, was replaced by the more traditional figures of Saint Louis IX and Joan of Arc. The French revolutionary anthem "La Marseillaise" was replaced as the National Anthem of France by "Le Retour des Princes français à Paris" and, most importantly, the revolutionary holiday of July 14, commemorating the Fall of the Bastille and the beginning of the French Revolution of 1789, was replaced. Although August 25, Saint Louis IX Day, or May 30, Saint Joan of Arc Day were other options, the Integralist government opted for August 15, the Day of the Assumption of Our Lady, traditionally considered Regina Galliae, the Queen of France
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French Republicans raise the Tricolor flag and sing "La Marseillaise" in southern Paris on July 14, 1964
Since the restoration of the French monarchy in 1936, republicanism has become a marginal ideology in both northern and southern France; anti-revolutionary propaganda has successfully painted the regime of the French Revolution, especially Robispierre's Reign of Terror, as proto-syndicalist or proto-totalist, and the French Third Republic as weak, corrupt and incompetent, and is largely responsible for the downfall of France in the 19th and 20th centuries. Even in southern France, using the tricolor flag is often seen as a pro-German act, due to the fact that northern France still uses the tricolor flag.
 
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Juan Carlos de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias, current legitimist pretender to the Spanish throne
Born in 1938, already exiled in Austria as the grandson of the exiled King Alfonso XIII and son of Juan, Count of Barcelona, Juan Carlos is the current legitimist pretender to the Spanish throne since his father's death in 1993 and recognized among his supporters as Juan IV. Despite this, in Spain proper the legitimist cause is a marginal cause, since the conservatives support the Carlist government and the liberals are mostly republicans, and being single and living a life of luxury and travel he shows little interest in the Spanish legitimist cause, he currently lives in northern France as a guest of his cousin Louis XX.
 
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Benito Mussolini, Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Italy, gives a speech to thousands of people in Turin declaring war on the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Papal States on July 20, 1940.
Tensions within the Italian Peninsula had been high since long before the start of the war. The Socialist Republic of Italy had a clear intention of reuniting Italy. When the war began in January 1940, the Socialist Republic of Italy invaded the Italian Republic. The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Papal States were initially neutral, but secretly sought support from the Entente as they knew that a future invasion was inevitable. The Entente hoped to use the Two Sicilies as a base for an eventual invasion, hoping to further divide the attention of the International which was already fighting the Entente in Spain and the Reichspakt in Flanders, Switzerland and Veneto. However, with the campaign against the Italian Republic proving successful for Socialist Italy, with Milan falling in June 1940, Mussolini's Totalist government felt confident to launch a preemptive invasion of the south of the peninsula.
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Socialist Italian troops move during the Invasion of the Two Sicilies, August 1940

Socialist Italy launched its invasion on July 26, 1940, hoping to occupy all of southern Italy in less than a month. The Italian troops encountered great difficulty, as although they were larger in number, the Sicilian and Papal armies had military support from the Entente and were severely more competent than the Italians. Although the Socialist troops took Rome on September 28 and Naples on December 9, the Sicilian troops were able to repel and delay the Italian advance for months longer than planned, successfully evacuating most of the army to the island of Sicily between August and December 1940, with the Entente destroying the Socialist Italian fleet in the Battle of the Tyrrhenian Sea and taking away any hope of Socialist Italy invading Sicily.
 
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People of Rome applaud a Sicilian Tank passing through the streets shortly after the Liberation of Rome on January 29, 1942, the liberation of Rome marked the end of more than a year and a half of brutal socialist occupation
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The bodies of Benito Mussolini and other members of the Socialist Italian government are hung in a square in Turin after being executed on August 27, 1942. Mussolini was captured in an attempt to flee to the Commune of France shortly before the fall of Turin.
 
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Anglo-Canadian soldiers cover the bodies of their comrades killed during the landings at Wick, Scotland on November 12, 1943.
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Soldiers of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force huddle on a ship a few days before disembarking at Dover, during the Liberation of Britain on December 21, 1943.
 
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