a Kawasaki Ki-61 in NRAAF Service The Ki-61
Hien (飛燕, "flying swallow") The Ki-61 was designed by Takeo Doi and his deputy Shin Owada in response to a late 1939 tender by the
Koku Hombu[N 1] for two fighters, each to be built around the Daimler-Benz DB 601Aa from a defecting Qing bf109 . Production aircraft would use a Kawasaki unlicensed DB 601, known as the
Ha-40, which was to be manufactured at its Akashi plant. The
Ki-60 was to be a heavily armed specialised
interceptor, with a high
wing loading. the Ki-61 was produced under license by Manchuria Airplane Manufacturing Company known colloquially as fengtian airplane company for the fengtian Government as the type 31 fighter when The Government collapse to the advancing NRA The facility where they produced was captured with the blueprints and was subsequently manufactured by CAMCO as the ZY0. the fengtian airplane company was reorganized as Shenyang Aerospace Corporation which continue production for the NRAAF