Photos from Featherston's Confederacy/ TL-191

The Forgotten Campaign: The True Story of the Alaskan Front during the SGW Part 2
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A photo of a Union Army soldier manning a forward observation at the foot of Mount Shorty Stevenson, circa Spring of 1942.

Following the battles of Mount McLeod and Clements Lake in late December of 1941, the Russian offensive in American Columbia stalled and had dug in to prepare for a potential Union counter-attack. The Union forces would not launch any counter-attack, and no major land confrontations had occurred the next 4 months. However at sea, a few confrontations between Spruance's Task Force 36 and the elements of the Russian Pacific Fleet under Admiral Nikolai Kuznetsov did occur. The first of which had occurred on December 7th, 1941 when the Union Task Force had attacked a Russian Convoy in the Gulf of Alaska that was carrying supplies to New Archangel for the Russian Ground Forces. The resulting 32 minute sea battle would prove to be inconclusive despite the Russians losing the destroyer Kapitan Belli and a single freighter badly damaged along with electrical system aboard the USS Brooklyn being knocked out. Days later on December 13th, the Russian cruisers Rynda and Izumrud would bombard a Union Coastal Defense Fort on the northern part of Graham Island, the raid would be somewhat successful as the Russians would damage some of the fortification's important structures and knocked one of the 12' batteries out of action.
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A pre-war photograph of the Russian destroyer Kapitan Belli, which was a First Great War era Destroyer that was transferred to the Russian Pacific Fleet in 1938.
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A photograph of the USS Brooklyn during the early days of the Second Great War, circa 1941. During the Battle, a shell from the Russian destroyer Rastoropny had struck the ship's center section, which consequently knocked out the cruiser's electrical system. As a result, the Brooklyn would spend a month at Seattle Washington undergoing repairs and was ultimately transferred to Task Force 38 stationed in the Sandwich Islands to replace the recently lost USS Topeka, which was a sistership to the Brooklyn.

The next naval confrontation would come on January 2nd, 1942, when the Russians would attempt an amphibious landing on the Queen Charlotte Islands with the cruisers Pallada, Rynda, and Izumrud, 9 destroyers, and 5 transport ships. However, the Union forces with a limited force of 8 PBY Catalina flying boats, 2 gunboats and the destroyers USS Little, Gregory, and McCall would make a determined resistance against the Russians to prevent it's capture. In the ensuing naval battle, the Union Navy would lose the USS Little and USS Gregory and 4 of the Catalinas to the Russians. In return, the Russians would lose two destroyers and the troop ship Stribog along with the cruiser Pallada and Izumrud, 3 destroyers, and two of the troop ships badly damaged.
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The Russian Heavy Cruiser Rynda during the Battle of the Queen Charlotte Islands, circa 1942.
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A PBY Catalina at Masset Inlet Naval Air Station on Graham Island after the Battle of the Queen Charlotte Islands.

Later that same month, the Imperial Russian Navy would start to deploy it's submarine flotilla along the Union coastal regions of Vancouver Island, Washington, Oregon, and California. Within the first month, the Russians would sink a total of 92,000 GRT worth of Union shipping.
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The Imperial Russian Submarine S-51 leaving it's home base at Konstantinovsk, circa May of 1942. Kostantinovsk would go on to be the Russian Pacific Fleet's main submarine base in Alaska during the Second Great War and during the Frozen Conflict, would also become a major base for the US Navy's Submarine Fleet in the North Pacific.

Likewise, the Union Navy's forces in the North Pacific would also deploy their submarine force against the Russian and Japanese forces. These submarines would mainly patrol the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska, which they would interdict with Russian shipping in the region. Around March of 1942, Task Force 36 would receive three new Fletcher class destroyers, the light aircraft carrier USS Fundy, and four escort destroyers of the Edsall class for Anti-Submarine duties.
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The USS Sturgeon leaving it's base at Vancouver on to a war patrol in the Gulf of Alaska, circa 1942.
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USS Fundy underway off the Alexander Archipelago, circa 1943.​
 
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American Betrayal- The Montreal Conference
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Japanese Ambassador to Quebec, Admiral Nomura (left) and Special Envoy Kurusu (right) in Montreal, Quebec, 1942.


When the Second Great War began in North America, the Japanese Empire was not obligated to attack the United States, although it was involved in several diplomatic meetings between Britain, France, Russia, and the Confederacy. Eventually, the military decided to take advantage of the situation once it appeared that the CSA had the upper hand during Operation Blackbeard , the Canadian rebels were attempting to establish their own nation, and Russia was sending naval and land forces to American Columbia. The Japanese invaded Midway on December 7th, 1941 and successfully took it from the United States. Not wanting to engage a war in the Pacific and fearing a Japanese conquest of the Hawaiian (Sandwich) Islands, newly inaugurated President La Follette engineered a plan to divide the Pacific into Japanese sphere of influence and an American sphere of influence.

In return for the Japanese abandonment of Midway and no continuing confrontations with the USA, the Japanese were allowed to control all territory from the East indies all the way to the Russian Far East, not including American and German island territories. At the same time, the Hawaiian Islands were to be under control of the U.S.A. and serve as a "border" between the spheres of influence. The plan was talked between two Japanese ambassadors; one for Quebec and one who was designated as a special envoy. While there were questions as to the fates of Russian America and British Australia & New Zealand, all of that was to be determined when the war ended. The entire plan was agreed upon between the USA and Japan at the Montreal City Hall on November 27, 1942.

This plan was kept extremely secretive that the U.S. Navy was not told of it and were surprised when the attempt to take back Midway in early 1943 was easy because the Japanese military abandoned the island. That same year, the Japanese were already invading the remaining British, French, and Russian territories throughout Asia.

The legacy of this plan is considered very controversial in the history of the USA's relationship with Asia. The agreement is seen as a kind of political abandonment of the USA as an ally to all the Asian nations that fought against Japanese conquest, especially in China. Many leaders in Asia before they were conquered by the Japanese expected the USA to engage their enemy in the Pacific and liberate them once they reached the Philippines. The Chinese leadership has constantly called it a "great betrayal" of trust, however, historians are divided as to whether or not the SGW would have lasted longer had the agreement not been made.

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Light-blue: U.S. sphere of influence; Dark-red: Japanese sphere of influence; Light-red: regions where Japan had variable control.
The Republics of Australia, New Zealand, and State (Tsardom) of Alaska would align themselves politically with the United States.



Inspiration:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_betrayal
 
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The Forgotten Campaign: The True Story of the Alaskan Front during the SGW Part 3
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Russian soldiers enjoying a break in the fighting in the Strohn Valley in American Columbia, circa 1942.

During the 4 month lull in the fighting on land, both the Russian and Union forces used this an opportunity to reorganize their forces. The Union forces used this a time to rebuild their battered 21st and 34th Infantry and 9th Mountain Divisions back into full fighting strength as well as to shore up their land and coastal defenses in American Columbia. They Union forces would also obtain some new P-39 Aircobra fighters to replace their obsolescent P-16 Peashooter fighters. The Russians used this time obtain more modern weapons such as the Polikarpov Po-4 fighters* and the T-46 light barrel as well as using this time to arm the Canadian Insurgents in American Columbia and to also form the Canadian Liberation Army, which was comprised of Canadian Expats and led by General Henry Crerar.
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A photo of a Russian T-46 light barrel, which the type was the Standard light barrel of the Imperial Russian Army during the first half of the SGW. A total of 24 T-46s would be sent to Alaska alongside 15 BA-10 and 20 BA-20 armored cars.
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A Russian Soldier shaking hands with a Canadian from the 2nd Free Canadian Corps, aka the Canadian Liberation Army, which was made mostly of Canadian Expatriates who wanted to liberate their homeland from the Yankees, circa 1942.
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A photo of Canadian General Henry Crerar, circa 1941. A veteran of the FGW who fought with the Canadian Army against the Yankees, Crerar would live in Britain during the interwar years as a big Canadian Independence Activist in Europe. In late 1941, Crerar would accept an offer from the Russians to command the 2nd Canadian Corps in Alaska.
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The Banner of the 2nd Free Canadian Army Corps, aka the Canadian Liberation Army or simply Crerar's Army, which was adopted on December 7th, 1941.

On April 9th, 1942, the Russian Army would launch it's offensive by attacking Union positions near Clements Lake and the Sitkine River, which both of their attacks would prove successful, in which the Russians would advance down the Sitkine and Strohn Valleys. On that same day, the members of the Canadian Resistance would launch several successful attacks on Union positions behind the lines, notably in the settlements of Terrace and Kitwanga. Thus interfering with Union Army supply lines in American Columbia and giving the Union Forces in American Columbia a very serious headache. To make matters worse, about a 1,000 men belonging to the collaborationist Canadian Auxiliary Military Police would desert and join the partisans. Two days later on April 11th, the Russian would commit the 98th Paratroop Regiment to the fight by dropping them at New Ayianash. Then of April 15th, the Russians would make an amphibious assault on the Chirikov Islands and at the settlement of Lax Kw'alaams. The Union Army General of that region in American Columbia, General Lloyd Fredendall did very poor job of attempting to halt the Russian advance. Both General Drum and President La Follette would relieve General Fredendall from his post and replaced him Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers.
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Four men from the Union 10th Mountain Division making their last stand in a skirmish with Russian mountain troops at Big Mountain.
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Russian Troops boarding a Tupolev TB-3 bomber to be dropped behind Union lines at New Ayianash, to which there was as a major Union Army supply depot.
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Canadian Partisans engaged in a firefight with the Collaborationist Canadian Auxiliary MPs at the settlement of Hixon, circa 1942.
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An NCO belonging to the Canadian Auxiliary Military Police with his Colt M1902 pistol, circa 1942. The CAMP organization was formed in 1923 by the Union Military as a means to assist with the pacification of Canada, the organization was made up largely of Canadian Collaborators, but the Union commanders didn't really trust them, as a result, they were forced to wear tan trousers and were armed with .38 Auto pistols and with modified Ross Rifles that were re-chambered for 7.64x56mmR.

With General Dever's command, the Union Forces had rallied and on April 20th, the forces in the north had managed to stop the Russian advance around Faisal Peak and at the Chutine Landing on the Sitkine River. In the center region, the Russian advance would be halted at the settlement of Meziadin Junction and at Otter Mountain. To the south, the Union forces however were unable to halt the Russian advanced up the Skeena River, in which they would link up the Canadian Insurgents at their stronghold of Terrace. The Union Marines at Chirikov Island despite heroic resistance would surrender to a much larger force of Russian Army troops. The Canadian Liberation Army would see it's baptism of fire when they were landing alongside with the Russian Imperial Marines at the heavily defended settlement of Kitsult on April 22nd, 1942. The joint Russo-Canadian forces were able to capture the hamlet and have to started to advance east to link up with the Paratroopers in the Ayianash Pocket. On that same day, elements of the Imperial Japanese Military commanded by Admiral Boshito Hosogaya as part of a Russo-Japanese agreement for a Japanese expeditionary force to Alaska have started to land at New Archangel.
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Russian Shock Troopers engaged in house to house fighting in the town of Terrace against local Union forces.
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A Union Soldier belonging to the 14th Infantry Division engaged in firefight at Meziadin Junction.
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Soldier's from the Union Army's 21st Infantry Division in a fierce skirmish outside Kitwanga with Canadian Insurgents, this photo was dated April 26th, 1942.
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A Russian Naval Landing Party heading to Kitsault.
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Recently landed Japanese soldiers being greeted by Russian officers at New Archangel, circa 1942.
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* = OTL's Polikarpov ITP fighter
 
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US troops utilize an armored train to patrol the Canadian Railway network after Operation Blackbeard cut US shipping between east and west. The Canadian National and Canadian Pacific railroads were both crucial elements of the USA's ongoing struggle.

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King Haakon VII seeks cover from British air attacks during Churchill's ill-advised "protective Occupation" of Norway, 1941 (colorized)

Norway would firmly enter into the Central Powers Sphere of influence following the British attack on the neutral nation, with Sweden and Denmark soon following suit in breaking political ties with London.
 
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"Either I will be decorated or I will be court martialled, Fire!"
The British Invasion of Norway, August 1941.
Part 1: the Battle of Drøbak Sound.
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British Cruiser HMS Exeter sinks in Oslofjord after taking a punishing series of hits from the guns of Oscarsborg Fortress, August 9th, 1941.

Oberst Birger Eriksen, the Commander of the Fort at the time of the invasion, had been forewarned of increasing British Belligerency in the weeks leading up to the attack, But the Norwegian command had not provided him any clear orders on what he was to do in the event of foreign warships appearing, due to the chaotic political situation: while Norway was and remained officially neutral (and had been for some time in regards to European conflicts) the increasing political tensions threatened to push the country into one of the belligerent camps. To this end, the decision whether to favor the Allied powers who, though the King shared heritage with the British Royal Family, were most definitely the aggressors in this war, or the Germans, with whom a lucrative business shipping Swedish iron ore through their Gulf Steam-warmed ports had enriched Norway's shipping fleet, was the main topic of discussion within the Norwegian government.

By late summer 1941, as the Land War in Germany began to show signs of slowing down, Winston Churchill began pushing for Norway to close her ports to German shipping and resource transfers. When Norway refused, the British decided that the matter had to be forced. War Minister Oswald Mosley organized a plan that would see British troops deployed at the major ports along the Norwegian coast, especially Narvik, the primary shipping point for the Iron Ore, as well as Oslo itself.
Given that Norway's entire Navy could barely match a single British squadron in firepower, it possessed no Barrels and its army was only 100,000 men, the British anticipated a swift victory, and thus the late in the year start date was not considered a major factor.

Despite the fort's less-than-ready state (the main battery was over 40 years old at the time of the British invasion, more than 90% of the garrison were fresh recruits who had only been at the fort for a few weeks, and its three 15-cm guns had never been fired in anger) Oberst Eriksen was alert when, at 4:21 AM on August 9th, Unknown ships appeared through the Mist. Eriksen, taking the initiative, ordered the battery to fire at the lead vessel. When challenged, citing the requirement for a warning shot, Eriksen shot back his famous quote: "Either I will be Decorated or I will be Court Marshalled. FIRE!"

The guns age and lack of use had no impact on their devastating effect, with two of the guns (there was no crew available for the third gun, though it was loaded) pounding the Exeter with powerful 15-cm shells. The first round struk the base of her foremast, setting the entire amidships on fire, which in turn ignited stored fuel and munitions for the cruiser's seaplane. The second shell hit the ship's forward 8-inch gun turret, blowing parts from it into the sea and knocking out the electrical power for the entire fire control, rendering the cruiser unable to return fire with her main battery.

Other, smaller guns on either side of the fjord added to the rain of destruction, pummeling the British vessel, which at this time had still not been identified. One round from these latter guns damaged the ship's steering gear, forcing her to steer with her propellers to avoid running aground. Exter did manage to return fire with her lighter guns, and even forced one battery of Norwegian 57mm guns to evacuate under a punishing barrage from the ship's AA guns.

It was at this time, as the crippled warship began to pass the fortress, that the Norwegians began to hear the vessel's crew singing "God Save the King." this was the first time the identity of the ships became known, which, along with a report from a Norwegian Minesweeper, confirmed them as British.

It was at this point, with Exeter having managed to sail past the Fortresses guns despite her damage, that the second element of the battle came into play: Kommandørkaptein Anderssen and his Torpedo Battery. The British, having dismissed the threat the aged fortress displayed, had neglected to inform the squadron commander of the existence of these torpedo tubes, launched from Underwater and therefore invisible to the naked eye. At 4:30 AM,just 9 minutes into the battle, Anderssen pushed the fire button, and the old Austro-Hungarian Torpedoes, to the surprise of all, ran straight and true, slamming into Exeter's side not far from where the first 15-cm shell had hit. This compounded the damage already inflicted, dealing the ship a mortal wound.

Forced to anchor out of the coastal gun's arc of fire, the Cruiser burned furiously, with crewmen dumping the ship's torpedoes to avoid them detonating in the heat as firefighters and damage control tried to save the ship. At 5:30, their efforts came to naught, as the flames detonated a storage locker for anti-aircraft rounds, blowing open the side of the hull and rupturing a number of bulkheads. At this point, the ship was doomed.

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British Sailors ashore in the fjord, with Exeter entering her final plunge.

Exeter rolled over and sank at 6:22 AM, bow first, to the bottom of the fjord, leaving some 2000 crewmen fighting for their lives in the oil-coated water. Another fire swiftly began, which lead to a number of the men perishing in the blaze. In all, between 600 and 850 British Sailors perished, with the remainder being fished out of the water and captured by Norwegian troops and taken to a nearby farm. To the credit of the Norwegians, their main focus was tending to the many wounded and dying rather than taking prisoners, and the British were given as much care as practicable under the circumstances.

It would be a short-lived victory for the Norwegian forces: Having seen the fate of Exeter, the rest of the British Flotilla, including the new cruiser Ulster, had withdrawn and anchored further south to deploy their troops to march on Oslo. Outnumbered, the Norwegian troops withdrew from the area, leaving the Prisoners to be "liberated" before sunset. Eriksen himself would be forced to surrender the fortress the very next day, as he was cut off by the rapid advance of the British and their occupation of Oslo with airborne forces. Most of the garrison managed to escape to join the regrouping Norwegian forces to the North before the British took the fortress itself.

Despite the limited impact it had on the British attack, the Battle was nonetheless important. Besides the due credit to the Norwegian defenders, who did their stated duty to the best of their ability and showed stalwart devotion in doing so, it also delayed the British occupation of Oslo long enough for the Royal Family, as well as the Nation's reserves of gold, important documents and several British expatriates who had fled the UK during the rise of the Mosleyist faction and were declared enemies of the Empire, to make good an escape before the city was overrun.
Kaiser Wilhelm III and the Central Powers decried "Imperialist Warmongering" of the UK, and even neutral nations criticized the act, citing the British reaction to the German invasion of Belgium in 1914. American pundits summed it up: "So, Invading Neutral countries is only alright when YOU do it?"

And the loss of Exeter was only the beginning of the military disasters to come....​
 
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The Forgotten Campaign: The True Story of the Alaskan Front during the SGW Part 4
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A colorized photograph of a Japanese troops advancing down the Taku River Valley, circa 1942.

By April 30th, 1942, the first elements of the Japanese Expeditionary Force had landed at New Archangelsk in Alaska, which had 3 infantry divisions, an IJA light tank battalion, and the 3rd Kure Special Naval Landing Force. The Japanese would also send into Alaska a fighter squadron consisting of the Ki-43 Hayabusa fighter. The Japanese naval forces that was attached to the JEF was the battleships Kirishima and Haruna, the aircraft carrier Zuiho, the heavy cruisers Myoko and Haguro, 2 light cruisers, and 10 destroyers.
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Boxart for a scaled model of the Ki-43 fighter made in Danubian Federation.
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A photo of the Japanese Battleship Kirishima taken from a Russian Navy guard ship in New Archangelsk, circa 1942.

On May 3rd, 1942, the elements of the 3rd Kure SNLF would first see action when they were landed onto Porcher and Stephens Islands, which those two islands with their powerful coastal defense batteries at Forts Drum and Holt were guarding the mouth of the Skeena River, which the Russians wanted those islands captured in order to open up the Skeena for their supply ships to their troops in the town of Terrace as well to silence the guns firing on their overland supply routes from the ports of Haanstown* and Blackford**. Supporting the SNLF forces was the 18th Russian Parachute Battalion, the cruisers Myoko and Tatsuta, and 4 destroyers.
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Men from the 3rd Kure SNLF unit on their way to Porcher Island aboard an infantry assault ship.
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Paratroopers from the 18th Battalion being briefed about their mission before boarding a TB-3 bomber.

At 10:27 AM, a formation of TB-3s carrying the 18th Battalion had reached Porcher and Stephens Islands, that was then the Russians had ran into trouble. The anti-aircraft batteries in the form of 20mm Oerlikons, 12.7mm M1921 machine guns, and 40mm Bofors had begun to fire on the Russian planes. Many of the TB-3s would be shot down and crashed into the war, killing all aboard them. Those that had gotten above the island and started dropping the paratroopers, many of the soldiers were getting picked off by both AA and small arms fire from the ground. The Russians had started with 650 paratroopers for the operation, but by the end of the battle, only about 47 of them survived with most of them being wounded. The Japanese part of the operation had fared way better, with them reaching the area 10 minutes after the Russians landed. The Japanese warships would immediately bombard the Union positions on the islands, which was followed by a wave of SNLF soldiers being transported to the shore on landing craft. The allied Russo-Japanese forces were able to secure Stephens Island by 7:00 PM and Porcher Island would fall two days after the desperate fighting made by the local US Army and Marine garrisons. The total losses for the Radius forces were 603 Russian paratroops dead and 38 wounded, 74 Japanese marines dead and 144 wounded. The Union losses were 415 men dead, 103 wounded, and 198 captured.
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Japanese Marines chanting Banzai on the captured ruins of Fort Holt on Porcher Island, which it would prove to be a major victory for the Japanese. The Russians would however view their airborne operation as a major blunder for their heavy losses in men and material.

On that same day, the United States Air Force would launch it's first air raid on the Russian port of New Archangelsk with 52 B-17 fortresses from the 74th Heavy Bombardment Squadron based out of Whitehorse in the Yukon. The bombers for most of the journey was escorted by P-39 Aircobras and P-24 Hawks of the 102nd and 74th Fighter Groups respectively. Their targets in the harbor was the oil farms as well as the Japanese aircraft carrier and two battlecruisers that were anchored in the harbor. The bombers would first encounter Russian fighters (which were the obsolescent I-153 fighters) while they were over the Chilkat Inlet. Their P-39 escorts had managed to down two of the attacking Russian fighters while the Union forces lost no aircraft. Shortly afterwards, the Union P-39 would be forced to turn back to Whitehorse as they about halfway out of fuel. As the bombers reached New Archangelsk, the Russo-Japanese defenders would man their AA guns and scramble their A6M Zero and Po-4 fighters to deal with the attacking B-17 bombers.
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A couple of B-17s from the 74th Heavy Bombardment Squadron shorty after taking off from Dawson Field near Whitehorse.
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A battery of 85mm 53K Anti-Aircraft Guns in the center of New Archangelsk preparing to fire on the incoming USAF B-17 bombers.
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A photo from one of the B17s showing that a bomb had struck the battleship Kirishima, which had caused fires to break out below decks.

The Union Bombers would result in the destruction of at least three fuel canisters, the Russian submarine S-38, two Russian mine sweepers, as well as causing some damage to the docks, two more fuel canisters, significant damage to the battlecruiser Kirishima, light damage to the Zuiho, and the Russian destroyer Novgorod. The Union forces would lose 11 B-17s in the raid, 3 to Russian AA ground fire, 2 to Japanese AA ship fire, 7 to Zeros, and the rest to Russian fighters.​
 
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Former Socialist Candidate Richard Nixon announces the Restoration of the Republican Party during the "Lincoln Reversal" at the Socialist National Convention in Lincoln, Nebraska, August 1972, which led to the resurgence of the Republican Party in American politics. Nixon would go on to serve two terms as President, the first Republican candidate to be elected to the office since James Blaine.
This event led to the effective death of the Socialist party as a major force, though the Republicans maintained many of their ideals.
 
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Norfolk and Western Railroad number 611, of the line's famous "J" Class Streamlined express engines, on an excursion run in November 2019. Built in the to pull fast trains carrying people to the 1936 Olympics, the "J's" were the top-link express engines of the N&W, and served the main line between Richmond and Atlanta up to the outbreak of the war.

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in Wartime service, the engines were stripped of their iconic "Streamliner" coverings and pressed into "General Service," hauling both passenger and freight trains, including a notorious role hauling trainloads of blacks to Camp Determination. A number of the engines would be captured or destroyed during the course of the war.
Post-War, the remaining engines would soldier on in the resource-starved south for a number of years, long outlasting their steam-powered brethren on Northern Railroads, before the reorganized Norfolk and Southern Railroad would finally retire them in 1967. All but number 611 would be scrapped: 611 would be retained for excursion trains and as an artifact.
 
Here are a few images I made using AHH's character models. The Freedom font image was originally credited to Marc Pasquin.
Unlike in the videos from Cody, I gave Featherston brown hair based on the books' description.

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Famous Black Americans in TL-191, part 2

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Photograph of Bass Reeves, a member of the Buffalo Soldiers during the 19th Century
After the Confederacy won the War of Secession, Reeves escaped from the Indian Territory to Kansas after it had been annexed as Confederate Territory. Initially working as a personal guard to military officials at Fort Dodge, he was recruited, among other African-Americans who made up a small community in Kansas, to fight against the CSA during the Second Mexican War. He was present and actively involved in the Battle of the Cimarron River (Custer's Raid). After the war, the United States developed its military among Prussian lines and helped develop the "Buffalo Soldier" program along the Union-Confederate and Union-Canadian border, where he was trained by German military officials and trained them in return. Although he died in 1910 and became a relatively obscure figure in the United States until after 1944, he was already a well-known and popular figure in Germany, especially among the German Army.

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Photograph of Daniel Rudd, a Black Catholic writer during the late 19th Century and early 20th Century
Born in Anatok Plantation in Kentucky, Rudd was born into slavery in 1854 and was one of the extremely rare Black Confederates who had a surname and was baptized as a Catholic. During the Second Mexican War in 1881, Rudd and his 11 siblings escaped to Jeffersonville, Indiana. The city was located across from Louisville, Kentucky and was a major battlefield during the war. He wrote his first-hand account of the Battle of Louisville after seeking sanctuary in
St. Augustine Bessiones. Although he suffered from discrimination and prejudice (both racial and religious), Rudd was able to become a writer and activist dedicated to Catholicism and Anti-Confederate thought, eventually forming the National Black Catholic Congress. After Kentucky was annexed to the USA after the First Great War, he moved to Kentucky where he planned to become involved in missionary activity to the newly formed Black Unionist community in the state. While he did gain some converts, he lamented that most Blacks he encountered either chose to remain Protestant or accept Marxism, instead. Sometime during the 1920's, he disappeared and was never seen or heard from again. It was only after an inquiry was made from his well-connected circle of Catholic friends that it was revealed he was kidnapped by the Kentucky State Police due to unfounded suspicions that he was a Communist instigator against the United States. Cincinnatus Driver, a veteran of the Second Great War, remarked that he remembered seeing other individuals, both Black and White, who were unjustly imprisoned with him and that he may have seen Rudd during his own captivity. Driver noted that Rudd was praying in a language that he didn't understand, later finding out that it was Latin. Daniel Rudd died sometime in the 1930's in jail and his death was eventually acknowledged by the Kansas State Police and apologized for the unfortunate event after Cardinal Pacelli informed President Smith on the matter. A memorial would later be made years after his death.

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Photograph of Martin R. Delany, a physician, abolitionist, writer, and early Black Nationalist in the United States
Born as a Free Black in what would eventually be West Virginia, Delany was able to obtain a high quality education and advocated for the end of slavery, along with arguing for all Blacks in the United States to resettle in Liberia. During the War of Secession, he had attempted to join in the war against the Confederate States, but it was too late and the war only lasted for two years. After the war, he settled in Maryland and remained connected with famous individuals such as Frederick Douglass, Robert Smalls and Harriet Tubman, who helped fugitive slaves settle along the border states between the USA and CSA. Well before the time of Marcus Garvey, Delany espoused Black Nationalist writings. He was a dedicated supporter of the Republican party and hoped to see the USA eventually conquer the CSA and free its slaves. When the Second Mexican War began, he was too old to fight but became a witness during the Bombing of Washington, D.C. and would later write about the event. He attempted to help a slave, named Booker, escape from the CSA, but failed. Disillusioned by the defeat of the USA in the Second Mexican War and the fracturing of the Republican Party, Delany left the United States for Liberia, where he died in 1885 in relative obscurity until after 1944, when historians began to rediscover historical Black nationalists from North America.



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Photograph of Henry McNeal Turner, a Bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church
After the War of Secession and Second Mexican War, Turner had attempted to create a Christianized form of Socialism combined with Black Nationalism in order to appeal to as many Blacks in the Confederacy as possible. With the help of Northern Blacks, such as Hiram Rhodes Revels, Turner was able to create a strong community of Black Methodists within the Confederacy from the United States. Although he died in 1915 during the First Great War, it was later revealed that he was active in sending out weapons to the underground Red Rebels. During Featherston's reign, the church throughout the Confederacy was almost completely wiped out during the Population Reduction. While the church still exists today with its own hierarchy and unique culture, it is still a shadow of its former self due to its small amount of adherents.



Sources:
1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_Reeves
2) https://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-bassreeves/
3) https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/african-americans-in-kansas/17878
4) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Rudd
5) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Delany
6) https://www.chicagocatholic.com/chi...ioneering-leader-in-black-catholic-journalism
7) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_McNeal_Turner
8) Alterwright's post on Buffalo Soldiers

*Click here for Part 1
 
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