British troops captured by the Germans and Norwegians following the "Trondheim Trot," 1943
With the Tide of War beginning to turn against the Allies and the German attacks in France increasing in ferocity, the British and French High Commands agreed that the "fiasco" that was the Norwegian campaign had to be ended, if for no other reason than that troops were badly needed on the Continent. For over a year since Defense Minister Mosley's attempt to seize the valuable Iron Ore supplies transported from Sweden to Germany via Norway's Ice-free ports had begun, there had been little movement outside of the initial landing zones, and the Norwegians, supported by "Kampfgruppe Nordland" a force of German and Austrian troops, had put up fierce resistance. King Haakon VII had managed to escape the initial British assault on Oslo due to the heroic defense of Oscarsborg Fortress in Oslofjord, and had rallied his people to the defense of their homeland.
General Eduard Dietl (center, in Parachute harness) of the German 3rd Mountain Division, was named overall commander of Kampfgruppe Nordland, and put his experience in mountain fighting to effective use in pinning the Allies in place. Well-emplaced Mountain howitzer batteries and machine gun nests prevented movement outside the Ports and landing grounds already occupied by the Allies, and likewise prevented them from supporting each other, necessitating the British to be running a constant stream of supply convoys up and down the Norwegian coast. These ships often fell victim to the preying guns of the Luftwaffe and the Norwegian Royal Air Force, which made excellent use of modern aircraft provided by the German and American aircraft industries.
The "Trondheim Trot" as it came to be known, was the disastrous withdrawal of British forces from the port city of Trondheim, site of a major naval engagement at the start of the invasion. Norwegian Forces, under the command of General Max Manus and supported by the German 10th Mountain Division, had formed a defensive ring around the perimeter of the city and stopped any British movement outwards in its tracks.
the British, low on ammunition, food, medical supplies and Morale, had already begun gradually withdrawing forces from the city, usually by night in small vessels as to not arouse the suspicion of the Central Powers forces. However, in the demoralized state they were, British security was not as tight as it could have been, and a local fisherman whose boat had been impressed into the evacuation spoke better english than he let on, and listened very carefully to the chatter among the British troop on his boat. what he learned startled him: the trickle of withdrawing forces was planned to turn into a full-scale evacuation starting September 12th. British warships and bombers would put up a covering bombardment against Central positions while the infantry withdrew to the port and evacuated to offshore landing ships.
Sneaking himself away in the dark and coming ashore further up the coast, the Fisherman found a passing Norwegian patrol and was eventually able to report the news of the evacuation to Manus. Conferring with Dietl, the Central Powers commanders agreed: the time had come to go on the offensive.
The "Trot" began before dawn on September 12th, 1943, with a sudden and unprecedented barrage of British forward positions. German Panzers, smaller models more suitable for the tight mountain roads, led forward German and Norwegian troops towards the weakened British positions, which had slowly but surely been denuded of manpower and weapons as they pulled back to the port. the rearguard, for all their determination, was no match for this offensive force. The Luftwaffe meanwhile pounced on the Allied ships offshore, catching them by surprise and sinking several large transports.
Within the port, trepidation at the sudden barrage quickly turned into panic once word reached them from fleeing rearguard men of the offensive. What was already a barely organized evacuation was reduced to a rout as the fleeing British stormed the evacuation boats, shooting Officers and Military Police who attempted to restore order. Some sailors abandoned the men entirely, and fled for their own lives in whaleboats and stolen fishing vessels, leaving the forsaken landing craft to rapidly overfill with panicked men, with no one to operate them.
When the Central Powers' armored vanguard arrived at the harbor, they found it choked with abandoned and half-sunken landing craft, stolen fishing boats and makeshift rafts, and the docks and beach packed to bursting with men, with several almost comedic scenes of completely out-of-their-element soldiers trying to figure out how to sail small fishing skiffs and pleasure boats, many of them crashing into each other, the docks, the beach or the walls of the fjord. Some men had attempted to swim for it and were being fished out of the freezing water by their colleagues. Many more British had simply given up, and had to be dragged out of the few still-standing pubs and wine cellars, drunk as lords.
When the whole total of British were assembled and counted, there were something akin to 28,000 British troops who had been made Prisoners, out of an original force in and around Trondheim of just shy of 40,000. Compounding this was the loss of all their equipment, from mess kits to machine guns to Bedford 3-ton trucks, much of it still in working order. Several Transport ships and 2 Royal Navy destroyers had also been sunk.
The News of this victory for the Central Powers reinvigorated the resolve that the war could still be won, While some commenters compared it to the recent Confederate loss at Pittsburgh, or the disastrous Gallipoli campaign in the Great War, the latter comparison being used as a particular jab at Winston Churchill, who had been that battle's main proponent.
But the War was not over yet....