Battle of Vienna and the Alpine Front
An M3 Scout Car accompanied by soldiers of the Czechoslovak Legion during the Battle of Vienna, circa 1948.
Though overshadowed by the Battles of Munich and Berlin, the Battle of Vienna was major a battle between the Armies of the Third Reich, the Japanese Empire, the Royal Romanian Army, the Italian Army, and the Czechoslovak Legions. The battle had played a role into the Battle of Munich by providing the Japanese a southern route of attack on the city lead by General Shojiro Iida. Though the Japanese Army had a major role to play in the battle, the bulk of the fighting into Austria was done primarily by their allies the Italian Army.
Italians manning a Fiat-Ravelli Machine Gun near Klagenfurt during the Siege of Klagenfurt in the Winter of 1947.
A painting of Italian Alpini Troops fighting against German Gebirgsjager in the Alps in 1947.
The Italian Forces under Alfredo Guzzoni had faced massive difficulties while advancing into Austria, mainly due to the rough terrain of the Alps along Italy's border with the German Reich. The Germans in turn, didn't need a large numbers in the Alps as it's easy to defend in such very rugged terrain. In which their main adversaries were the Elite German Mountain Troops known as the Gebirgsjager, who made constantly engaged with Italian troops in a constant struggle of attrition in the Alps. The most famous battle of the Alpine Front was the Seige of Klagenfurt which lasted from March to November of 1947. In that battle, the Gebirgsjager would turn every mountain into a stronghold, and they would also copy the Japanese tactic of launching night raids on Italian positions from the mountains. To many Italian troops, the advance into Austria gave them chilling memories of the disastrous Greco-Italian War from seven years earlier. On one day alone during the battle, the Italian Army sustained a high rate of casualties, even higher than the rest of the German-Japanese, the Italo-British, and Greco-Italian Wars combined.
"While we troopers fought against the Italians in the Alps, we were heavily outnumbered, but we still retained the upper hand. We also had to live off the land up in the Alps, in which we mostly ate birds and small animals."
Ernst Fumoelbach, a German Gebirgsjager who was also a straggler* until he surrendered to the Austria Federal Police in 1962 upon hearing that the was over.
German Gebirgsjager in the Austrian Alps near Klagenfurt, circa 1947.
A Painting of German Gebirgsjager fighting against an Alpini attack on one of their mountain strongholds.
Italian troops carrying a cannon across the Alpine terrain.
The remains of a German Panzer IV ausf. H near Klagenfurt, circa 1948.
Eventually, the Italians would wear down the German defenders and conquer Klagenfurt, with the loss of 7,551 men, compared to 2,800 soldiers dead on the German side. But however, the Italian advance into Austria would prove to be easier for them, as the closer they got to Vienna, the less rugged the terrain got. The first Italian forces reached Vienna on January 26th, 1948, and the first Japanese troops reached the outskirts of the city on February 4th, 1948. The Battle of Vienna began in earnest.
Czechoslovak Troops aiming a ZiS-3 anti-tank gun at a German held position in Vienna.
An Italian Paratrooper photographed near Vienna, circa 1948.
Japanese troops launching a Banzai attack on a position held by the Volkssturm near Vienna.
A Painting of the soldiers of the Czechoslovak Legion attacking the Viennese Parliament Building held by a mixture of Waffen SS, Luftwaffe, Fallschirmjager, and Volkssturm soldiers, in which the fighting around the Parliament lasted from March 4th to March 7th 1948. Which ended with the Czechs raising the Czechoslovak flag over the top of the building.
Czechoslovak Troops engaging in street fighting in Vienna.
The fighting around Vienna lasted from March 1st to March 22nd, 1948, which the Germans lost 32,000 troops, the Italians 13,000, the Japanese 12,000, the Czechs 4,000, the Romanians, 2,200, and the Austrian Resistance lost 866 fighters.
Members of the Volkssturm who surrendered to the Italians after the fighting.
Derelict German Panzers in Vienna, being examined by Czech soldiers. (off screen, a Japanese Type 4 Medium Tank)
Remains of German Panther tanks in Vienna following the battle, circa 1948.
A couple of ruined Viennese bridges being examined by Japanese Engineers.
Kurt Schuschnigg on August 2nd, 1948, shortly after being made the new leader of Austria.
The Flag of the Corporate State
Shortly after the end of the German-Japanese War, the Italians and the Japanese installed a new leader being Kurt Schuschnigg, who was the Chancellor of Austria prior to the Anschluss of 1938, after which, the Hitler Regime threw him into a Concentration Camp. Schuschnigg would be made Chancellor again of the Puppet Government of the Corporate State of Austria. He would rule until his death in 1977.
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* = After the Alpine Campaign ended, many German Gebirgsjager would continue fighting and resisting the Italian and Austrian authorities for many years after the war's end. The last group of these stragglers would not surrender until 1975, 27 years after the end of the German-Japanese War.