The Ten Wars Decade (1933-1943)
Clockwise: Haile Selassie with Red Cross members during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War; Spanish republican soldiers at the siege of the Alcázar during the Spanish Civil War; Russian troops transporting supplies in northern Norway during the Russo-Norwegian War, circa. 1941; Bulgarian invasion of southern Serbia during the Fourth Balkan War; Japanese bombing of a Chinese city during the Second Sino-Japanese War; Turkish troops along with civilians captured during the Turkish Civil War
The
Decade of the Ten Wars, also known as
The Waring Thirties or
The Lost Decade, was a series of conflicts that took place in the 1930s and early 1940s. Many factors have been attributed to what was the longest period of war since the Middle Ages, but it has largely been I accept that the main cause was the immense tension between the nations of the time. Often considered miraculous, one or more of the wars during that time did not turn into a broader conflict.
The beginnings of this period come from the end of the 19th century, with the creation of a complex system of alliances in Europe caused by the rivalry of European nations, the main ones being the Entente Cordiale formed by the United Kingdom, Russia and France (until 1921) and the Trirplice Alliance formed by Germany, Austria and Italy.
The official beginning of the period is on December 31, 1932 with the Financial Crisis of 1932, the recession, although not so great, affected the life of the general population that had long been accustomed to the continued prosperity of the Belle Epoque, the New York's stock market crash caused a snowball effect that brought down most global economies.
The country most affected by the "32's Recession" was the United States, the crisis generated poverty and hunger throughout the country, something aggravated by the ineffective policies of President Herbert Hoover who believed that the state should not intervene in the economy under any circumstances, and that the economy would "fix itself", its ineffective policy was reflected in the Republican party, which for the first time in 70 years lost an overwhelming majority during the 1936 presidential election with Democrat Huey Long's victory over Republican Alf Landon.
The name "Decade of the 10 Wars" comes from a series of wars during the period between 1933 and 1943 although it only officially ended in 1947
Second Italo-Ethiopian War (1935-1936)
Italian artillery in Tembien
Date:October 3,1935 to July 9, 1936
Location: Horn of Africa
Result; Military Victory of Italy and Diplomatic Victory of Ethiopia
Territorial Changes: Ethiopia hosts the disputed territories in the west and north for Italy but preserves its independence
Belligerents:
Material Support:
- United Kingdom
- Russian Empire
- Kingdom of Egypt
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- Italy
- Italian Eritreia
- Italian Somalia
- Italian Lybia
Material Support:
- German Empire
- Danubian Federation
Romanian Civil War (1935-1938)
Sephardic temple in Bucharest after being looted and burned in 1937
Date: October 22, 1935 to November 12, 1938
Location: Romania
Result: Iron Legion Victory
Territory Changes: Loss of Drobuja Region to Bulgaria
Belligerents:
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Royalist Forces:
- Romanian government
- Romanian Front
Chōsen Rebellion (1936)
Chōsen Volunteers (1936)
Date: April 19, 1936 to May 22, 1936
Location: Korea
Result: Japanese victory
Belligerents
Chōsen rebels
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Japanese Empire
Spanish Civil War(1936-1939)
Right: Children take refuge during the royalist bombing of Madrid (1936–1937).
Left: Only known photo of the Execution of former King Alfonso XIII and some of his supporters by Anarchists of Catalonia on May 5, 1937
Date: July 17, 1936 to April 1, 1939
Location: Spain, Sahara and Guinea
Result: Monarchist Victory
- End of the Second Spanish Republic
- Reinstatement of the Kingdom of Spain under the rule of Javier I of Bourbon-Parma
- Postwar guerrillas
Territory Changes: Loss of the Olivença Region to Portugal
Belligerents
Monarchists
- Spanish Monarchist Front
- Carlists (Joined the Monarchist Front ap of Spain on June 1, 1937)
- Papist Volunteers
- Italy
- Germany
- Danubian Federation
- International Volunteers
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Republicans
- People's Army
- Popular Front of Spain
- Galicia Republican Front
- Anarchist Front of Catalonia
- International Volunteers
Turkish Civil War(1936-1944)
Greek troops enter Contantinople
Date: September 24, 1936 to June 30, 1944
Location: Anatolia, Levante, Arabia and Eastern Thrace
Result:
Fall of the ottoman empire
Establishment of the Republic of Turkey
Greek Annexation of Constantinople, Western Anatolia and Pontus
Russian annexation of Eastern Anatolia
Recognition of the Independences of the Arab Federation, Republic of Kurdistan, Republic of Lebanon and the British Protectorate of Judea
Belligerents
- Ottoman Empire
- Government of Constantinople
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- Young Turks
- Ankara Government
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Material Support:
- British Empire
- Russian Empire
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Material Support:
- British Empire
- Russian Empire
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Material Support:
- British Empire
- Russian Empire
Iranian Civil War(1937-1940)
Reza Pahvali and his supporters in 1937
Date: December 21, 1936 to June 30, 1940
Location: Iran/Persia
Result: Decisive Victory of the Pahlavi Dynasty
- Fall of the Qajar Dynasty
- End of Russian-British Occupation in Iran
Belligerents
- Qajar Dynasty
- Russian Expeditionary Force
- British Raj Expeditionary Force
Material Support:
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- Pahlavi Dynasty
- Germany
- Danubian Federation
- Italy
Fouth Anglo-Afghan War (1938)
Soldiers in action at Kohat during the Fourth Anglo-Afghan Wa
Date: April 30, 1938 to July 21, 1938
Location:
Northwest Border of British India and Afghanistan
Result:
British tactical victory
British strategic victory with the reaffirmation of the Durand Line as a border
Afghan diplomatic victory and Afghan independence with full sovereignty in foreign affairs.
Belligerents
- Afghanistan
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- British Empire
- British Raj
Fourth Balkans War (1940-1942)
Bulgarian Invasion of Southern Serbia in April 1941
Date: August 16, 1940 to January 10, 1942
Location: Balkan Peninsula
Result:
Bulgarian victory
End of the Iron Legion Regime in Romania
Reinstatement of Georg I Obrenevic as King of Serbia
Belligerents
- Tsardom of Bulgaria
- Principality of Albania
- Kingdom of Romania (As of December 1, 1941)
Material Support:
- Germany
- Danubian Federation
- Italy
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- Kingdom of Serbia
- Kingdom of Romania (August 1940 to December 1st 1941)
- Iron Guard (As of December 1, 1941)