Photo of a World Without World Wars

Mile World Record Progression:

Unlike the German Empire, who would later specialize in the short sprints and jumps, or the Swedish, Finnish and Japanese, who would specialize in the longer distances (Swedish marathoners would have a stranglehold on the event until the 1970s), the British and Americans took the middle distance events as their own.

4:14.4 - John Paul Jones - USA - 1913 (OTL)
4:13.2 - John Paul Jones - USA - 1914
4:12.1 - Rupert Prince - UK - 1914
4:11.7 - Rupert Prince - UK - 1915
4:10.8 - William Brown - USA - 1916
4:09.6 - Charles Muller - German Empire - 1918
4:08.4 - Ethan Laurent - France - 1919
4:08.1 - Charles Muller - German Empire - 1920
4:07.8 - Johnathan Sunsort - USA - 1921
4:06.4 - Jakob Hismann- German Empire - 1921
4:06.1 - Charlie Smith - UK - 1922
4:04.7 - Jakob Hismann - German Empire - 1923
4:02.2 - Louis Mathine - France - 1926
4:00.5 - Johan Larson - Sweden - 1929
3:59.9 - Erik Erikson - Sweden - 1929
3:57.2 - Johan Larrson - Sweden 1929
3:56.9 - Erik Erikson - Sweden - 1930
3:56.3 - Johan Larrson - Sweden - 1930
3:56.1 - Johan Larrson - Sweden - 1931
3:54.0 - Paul Smith - USA - 1934
3:53.7 - Paul Smith - USA - 1935
3:52.8 - Wayne Johnathas - UK - 1936
3:52.4 - Hiroshi Injina - Japanese Empire - 1938
3:51.6 - Wayne Johnathas - UK - 1939
3:49.4 -Oscar Thomas - UK - 1941
3:49.1 - Hiroshi Injina - Japanese Empire - 1941
3:48.3 - Oscar Thomas - UK - 1942
3:47.8 - Austin Howard - USA - 1943
3:47.2 - Austin Howard - USA - 1944
3:46.5 - George Smith - UK - 1945

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Image: Austin Howard of the USA in the last 100 of the 1944 Summer Olympics in London
 
Ever since 1982, the Desrobireja (trans. emancipation from slavery) has launched an armed struggle against the political governments of Europe, in defemse of the Romani Gypsy people:

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Excerpt from the Desrobireja Manifesto 2009:

The major problem in the European political system, which thwarts its reform, development and regular updating, is political sectarianism. The fact that the European political system was founded on a sectarian basis represents in itself a strong restriction to the achievement of true democracy where an elected majority can rule and an elected minority can oppose, opening the door for a proper exchange of power between the loyalty and the opposition or the various political coalitions. Thus, abrogating sectarianism is a basic condition for the execution of the majority-minority rule. Yet, and until the European could achieve through their national dialogue this historic and sensitive accomplishment, which is the abrogation of political sectarianism, and since the political system in Europe is established on sectarian foundations, the homogenous democracy will linger the fundamental basis for governance in Europe, because it is the actual quintessence of the spirit of the constitution and the core of the Charter of the co-existence. From here, any approach to the national issues according to the equation of the majority and minority anticipates the achievement of the historic and social conditions for the exercise of effectual democracy in which the citizen becomes a value in itself.
 
There is a distinct absence of the women's electoral vote and influence in the United States of America and Western Europe starting in the 1970s until the 1990s, as seen by the advertising in local magazines and television shows of the period.

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Wilhelm, Duke of Alsacia-Lorraine from 1921 to 1927
Since its annexation after the Franco-Prussian war the Alsacia Lorraine region was administered for the first time by the central government, later becoming a republic of restricted autonomy only, with its own elected state parliament since 1911.
Alsace-Lorraine was probably the eternal "bone of contention" within the German Empire: no one was really satisfied with the state of the so-called "Reichsland". Although Alsace-Lorraine had its own state assembly and constitution, it was de jure subordinate to the German emperor, therefore indirectly linked to the Kingdom of Prussia and not treated as an integrated constituent state. The Kaiser was represented by a Statthalter appointed in Straßburg who acted primarily on behalf of Berlin rather than respecting local interests. For example, the adoption of a distinct flag and anthem from Alsace was suppressed by the central government; Although these symbols were not officially banned and used regularly on semi-official or private occasions, they were not received by Prussian representatives.
During the 1910s, the local government of Alsace-Lorraine began to agitate for the German government to receive its own monarch and full equality with the other German states. Against the backdrop of significant reforms underway within the German state, the question of what should happen to Alsace-Lorraine quickly became larger. Some argued for Alsace-Lorraine to remain as it was, in accordance with Bismarck's designs. However, many German politicians saw the possibility of expanding their influence by placing their candidate on a newly created throne in Alsace-Lorraine.
Kaiser William II emphasized the importance he felt in installing a fellow Hohenzollern on the new throne. Many contemporary and modern observers noted that the Prussian government would not be at risk if a non-Hohenzollern were chosen, and therefore many felt that the issue was a matter of William's pride. For the southern states of Germany, they wanted to see a fellow German Catholic take the throne, rather than allow one of William's sons to succeed him, which would put a northern Protestant. A wide variety of candidates were proposed, from the sons of William to the Bavarians, to compromise candidates from Saxony, Hesse and even foreign candidates like the sons of Kaiser Ferdinand II and VI.
In 1921, Kaiser Wilhelm II informed the chancellor that, unless progress was made on this issue in his favor, he would use his powers of control over the territory to dissolve the local government. Concerned that further unrest, especially on the French border, the government proposed William, Prince of Hohenzollern, the head of the southern Catholic branch of Hohenzollern. William II was publicly pleased, if not slightly disappointed, that he was not one of his sons, and the concerns of the southern monarchs were largely allayed. William was confirmed by the Reichstag and the Bundesrat and was also crowned Duke of Alsace-Lorraine on Christmas Day 1921.
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Crowds gather in front of the Reichstag Palace to celebrate the result of the referendum to decide on a return of Alsacia Lorraine to France in 1991
After nearly 120 years of conflict, France and Germany went through a period of reconciliation between the 1970s and 1990s, in 1990 the Reichstag approved a request for a referendum to be held in Alsacia-Lorraine, the population would have to choose between to remain in Germany or to be annexed by France, the population voted in force against an annexation by France with 87% of the votes in favor of remaining in Germany
 
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mspence

Banned
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1920s beer ad. Although a compromise with prohibitionists banned the production of domestic beer during the first half of the decade that the law was in effect, it did not ban imported beers or wine. As a result, new trade agreements allowed for the expansion of foreign brewers which became highly unpopular with trade protectionists. When prohibition was repealed after a few short years, new tariffs were placed on beer imports which lasted until the 1950s.
 

mspence

Banned
TV in a world without world wars:
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1941 TV commercial
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Newspaper ad, circa 1941
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Full page ad for the Batman TV series, 1943 despite its obviously low budget, the series received praise from fans of the comic for its storylines and writing.
 

mspence

Banned
Things Built in a world without world wars:

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New League of Nations headquarters, 1950s, Flushing Meadows, Queens

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Brooklyn Battery Bridge, completed 1945, jointly designed by Robert Moses and Albert Speer, one of his first major projects in the United States after emigrating from Germany a decade earlier.
 
Consider that two items that haven't been ended as a result of the world wars is the medical practice of mass sterilization and lobotomies.

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Up until 1982, frontal lobotomies were so common, doctors often advertised that they could conduct 200+ lobotomies over the course of a single day, at state fairs and carnivals. Doctors advertised that the treatment could cure "smoking, homosexuality, irrational wives, and increase sexual potency"....

Many of these lobotomies were justified and supported by such luminaries as Thomas Edison, Nikola Tesla, and Henry Ford, starting in 1937 under the guise of "genetic quality". As the American Medical Association (AMA) noted in its journals in 1974, "The hypotheses underlying the procedure might be called into question; the surgical intervention might be considered very audacious; but such arguments occupy a secondary position because it can be affirmed now that these operations are not prejudicial to either physical or psychic life of the patient, and also that recovery or improvement may be obtained frequently in this way..."
 
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Starting in 1985, Rabbi Meier Kahane of Brooklyn, New York launched what is now known as the Neo-Zionist movement, which would arise during the turbulent 1980s/ 1990s. In his manifesto, They Must Go, Kahane stated:

Zion can only be sustained by a permanent Jewish majority and a small, insignificant, and placid Arab minority. But the Arab population continues to grow quantitatively and
qualitatively. They feel no ties for a state that breathes Jewishness. They mockingly accept moneys from the National Insurance Institute for medical services, tuition, and social welfare; yet they pay little or no tax. Even worse, they openly vow to destroy the Jewish state — not with bullets or bombs, but with the democratic vote.

"We will not come to the Arabs to request, argue, or convince," says Kahane. "For Jews and Arabs in Israel there is only one answer — separation. Jews in their land, Arabs in theirs. Separation. Only separation."
 
Wait, wouldn't this be a world where the horrors of colonialism and mass slaughter last forever?
Actually, there is the financial and political instability of the matter. Just consider that the many nationalist and pro-independence movements would be present, with the fanatical nature of those groups ramped up by technological advances and religious fundamentalism...
 
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Pope Nicholas VI (Latin: Nicolau VI, Italian: Niccolo VI) (3 August 1852 – 5 March 1918) Born Domenico Serafini,was head of the Catholic Church from 1914 until his death in 1918. He succeeded Pius X and was succeeded by Gregory XVII
Between 1846 and 1903, the Church lost its temporal properties, retreating into the Leonine City on Vatican Hill and experiencing two of the longest pontificates in history, those of Pius IX and Leo XIII. The 1914 Papal Conclave therefore decided to support Benedictine Archbishop of Spoleto Domenico Serafini, leader of the conservative wing of the Curia, now 62 years old, in order to prepare for a transitional reign in continuity with Pius X. The choice of the regnal name from Nicholas V, who ruled in The Time of Constantinople's Fall, was a clear signal to the Kingdom of Italy, as the new pope continued to regard himself as a prisoner of the Vatican and refused to recognize the taking of Rome as Italy's capital.
The pontificate of Nicholas VI lasted just three and a half years and he left no important legacy compared to his predecessor and successor; however, his papacy saw the Irish Home Rule and the outbreak of the Third Balkan War; during the first, he celebrated the new autonomy of Catholic Ireland. He was not so biased during the Third Balkan War.
Nicholas VI's enduring legacy was the first comprehensive Code of Canon Law, published in 1917, a long task begun under Pius X.
 
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Does anyone have any idea who would be a good successor for Nicholas VI?
It seems like the Holy See is prolonging its old opposition to the Italian state, so maybe Cardinal Secretary of State Rafael Merry de Val could prevail on Pietro Gasparri instead failing like he did IOTL in 1922. Some compromise names could be Achille Ratti (IOTL Pope Pious XI) and Cardinal Dean Vincenzo Vannutelli.
 
It seems like the Holy See is prolonging its old opposition to the Italian state, so maybe Cardinal Secretary of State Rafael Merry de Val could prevail on Pietro Gasparri instead failing like he did IOTL in 1922. Some compromise names could be Achille Ratti (IOTL Pope Pious XI) and Cardinal Dean Vincenzo Vannutelli.
I was quite inclined towards Rafael merry de Val, do you have any idea what name he would adopt as pope?
 
He was a protégée of Pope Pious X, who promoted him to be Secretary of State and Cardinal and with which he agree on the anti-modernists stance, so maybe Pious XI?
Do you think Merry del val could finally solve the Roman question? he is 55 years old when he becomes pope in 1918, which would give him a fairly long papacy, depending on his stance, and that of the Italian government, both sides can come to a similar deal with the lateran treaty or the pope can consider a prisoner in the vatican to this day
 
Do you think Merry del val could finally solve the Roman question? he is 55 years old when he becomes pope in 1918, which would give him a fairly long papacy, depending on his stance, and that of the Italian government, both sides can come to a similar deal with the lateran treaty or the pope can consider a prisoner in the vatican to this day
I think some sort of agreement will be concluded: the Church had began to tone down their opposition in the early 20th Century, when Pope Pious X “suspended” the Non Expedit, an edict proihibiting Catholics to vote in Italian elections, under the so called Gentiloni Pact with the Giovanni Giolitti’s Liberal Party. Even conservatives were becoming more open to the idea itself, fearful of the growing socialist vote. IOTL Giolitti was frontrunner to return to the premiership in 1914 when Salandra resigned but was sidelined after the King decided to move Italy closer to the war and signed the London Treaty (Giolitti was a strong neutralist). ITTL I can see him returning as Prime Minister and dominating the political scene until his death in 1928. Given his qualities as statesman (and de Val’s diplomatic abilities) I can see them signing an agreement to close the Roman Question.
 
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One of the things that prevented the onset of racial violence and possible civil warin the 1950s/ 1960s in the Americas was the presence of the League of Nations peacekeeping forces. As a result of an appeal by Malcolm Little and A. Philip Randolph in 1957, African-Americans called for the protection of African-Americans from lynching below the Mason-Dixon line. For many white Southerners, this period, lasting until 1968, was dubbed "The Great Surrender", which led to the rise of Neo-Confederate sentiments, and is often cited as the cause for the second rise of the Ku Klux Klan. League monetary script, used to pay peacekeeping forces was often refused by white local residents, often leading to further violence. The states of Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Arizona and Texas became known as the "Hard Five" proclaiming in 1964, "Segregation Now, Segregation Forever"...
 
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Portrait of King Ernest Augustus III of Hanover after the restoration of the kingdom in 1924, he reigned until his death in 1953
The Kingdom of Hanover was defeated and annexed by Prussia after the Austro-Prussian War in 1866. Since then, the German-Hanoverian Party has consistently defended the rebirth of the Kingdom of Hanover and confiscated the assets returned to the Kingdom's ruling house. In 1913, the marriage of Ernest Augustus of the House of Hanover to Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia, daughter of William II, helped to cure much of the bad blood between the houses of Hanover and Hohenzollern. During the late 1910s, the German-Hanoverian Party again pressed for a local referendum to determine whether Hanover should be restored.

Seeing this as an opportunity to rectify an injustice and weaken Prussia's hold, the anti-Prussian coalition of German nobles and government officials began pressing for a yes vote in the referendum. Ebert and the Social Democrats opposed the referendum because they feared it would generate more social unrest while the German People's Party supported the integrity of the Prussian state. The Center Party, the main conservative party but dominated by Roman Catholics and nominally opposed to Prussia's rule in Germany, pressed for the referendum to take effect. William II, although favorable to his son-in-law and family, was privately opposed to allowing the referendum. When the Center-DVP coalition took power from the Social Democrats in 1923,

The referendum took place in 1924. With substantial support from the anti-Prussian coalition, the German-Hanoverian Party was energized and campaigned constantly. In the official election results, the yes vote gained a small majority and turnout was sufficient to decree devolution at 34.5 percent, just above the one-third turnout requirement. The German government and all parties recognized and respected the result. The Kingdom of Hanover was restored in late 1924 and Prince Ernest Augustus, the head of the House of Hanover, assumed the throne as Ernest Augustus III.
However, the successful referendum split the ruling coalition. The Center Party was split between pro-Prussian and anti-Prussian conservatives, while the German People's Party split from the coalition government. With the support of disaffected MPs from the Center the DVP was able to secure the minority government.
 
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