Peace Without Victors
- Thread starter Asami
- Start date
Interesting...
I like this--a nice simmering kettle of trouble.
Germany can, perhaps, set itself up to do well. With peace in place, it might do well to make more deals in the west in exchange for getting its eastern conquests more firmly in hand. Don't give up anything--but trade away things that aren't as important. France may end up with Alsase-Lorraine when all is said and done--which overall makes the war something that can be portrayed as a success...
I like this--a nice simmering kettle of trouble.
Germany can, perhaps, set itself up to do well. With peace in place, it might do well to make more deals in the west in exchange for getting its eastern conquests more firmly in hand. Don't give up anything--but trade away things that aren't as important. France may end up with Alsase-Lorraine when all is said and done--which overall makes the war something that can be portrayed as a success...
Tyr Anazasi
Banned
I'm currently writing the next chapter, and I wonder if there are some people here who can help me with the politics part. I'm writing up the first post-war German elections, and I need some opinions on the numbers I'm pulling out of my arse. Anybody?
You could see the results of the 1919 election or PM me.
Asami
Banned
Peace Without Victors
Chapter 4.1 The Eastern Reorganization (1920-1922)
The Great War left Germany’s society divided and hostile with each other. Leftists and rightists wanted nothing to do with each other, and even as new ideologies rose from places such as Rome and Munich, the nation continued to press on without hesitation.
A problem of the German Reich during the Great War was that by all intents and purposes, civilian government had been suspended. The last parliamentary election had been held in 1912, meaning that for now on 8 years, the state had been primarily running on war powers. Growing public discontent at the political system was not going unnoticed by the leaders of the short-lived military state, Hindenburg and Hoffman, and so they worked to restore civilian government peacefully, and as quickly as possible.
This was done by calling an election in 1920. The military directorate issued ordinances lowering the elective age to 20 years old, and permitting women to go to the polls for the first time in German history. This was done without the Kaiser’s permission, but the Kaiser, knowing that his crown, and the fate of Germany was fragile as was, did not protest the new electoral policies. These new policies also extended into reforming the constituency lines, to give more electoral power back to those outside of the major cities. This was met with much approval by many, and was considered by many to be a step in the right direction for the German Reich.
In the 1912 election, the Social Democratic Party had garnered 110 out of 397 seats in the Reichstag, giving them a 38% control of the Reichstag, not enough for a majority, but larger than all the other voting parties. As a result of the Great War, German politics polarized significantly, causing damage to the cause of the NLP and Progressive People’s Party. Despite the campaigning parties looking much the same as 1912, a new party rose.
Entering the race for the first time was a group of pan-German reactionaries and other right-wing radicals. They were called the Alldeutschen Volkspartei and their support was limited mostly to Bavaria. The 1920 election saw the SDP’s power grow significantly, netting another 47 seats in the Reichstag, bringing it to an impressive 157 seats, a 39% power-base. However, they still did not have enough to win the election, and needed support elsewhere.
This gave way to the foundation of the “National Coalition” in early 1921 between the SDP, Zentrum, and the Progressive People’s Party. The three parties found mutual agreement in reforming the German Empire to persist for years to come, and to reduce reactionary power in the Reichstag.
Social Democratic Party - 157 seats, 39.56% (+47)
Center Party - 101 seats, 25.44% (+14)
Progressive People's Party - 21 seats, 5.28% (-24)
National Liberal Party - 20 seats, 5.03% (-21)
Conservative Party - 48 seats, 12.09% (+5)
German Reich Party - 19 seats, 4.78% (+5)
Pan-German People’s Party - 10 seats, 2.51% (+10)
Communist Party of Germany - 21 seats, 5.28% (+21)
In the aftermath of the election, the results showed the polarization of the German left toward the Social Democrats and Communists, heavily damaging the cause of the two Liberal parties.Center Party - 101 seats, 25.44% (+14)
Progressive People's Party - 21 seats, 5.28% (-24)
National Liberal Party - 20 seats, 5.03% (-21)
Conservative Party - 48 seats, 12.09% (+5)
German Reich Party - 19 seats, 4.78% (+5)
Pan-German People’s Party - 10 seats, 2.51% (+10)
Communist Party of Germany - 21 seats, 5.28% (+21)
The new-born ADVP made an appearance in the Reichstag gaining ten seats. However, they were not invited to the Conservative Bloc that was formed by the KP, Reich Party, and the NLP. While unable to challenge the majority that the SPD-led coalition had (279 seats vs. 87 seats), they were able to form a united front on major issues.
The Communists had gained 21 seats, giving them a standing power in the Reichstag. The KPD’s electorate had come from more orthodox socialists in the SPD, who wanted to emulate the circumstances of Lenin’s revolution which was still struggling to take hold against a firm resistance by White Russians.
Immediately following the election, the Chancellor, Georg von Hertling, declared his resignation, declaring that the victor of the election should rightfully hold the position of Chancellor. Having served through the darkest hours of the war, von Hertling was given a farewell and made a Prince, like old Bismarck.
Under pressure from the Reichstag, the Kaiser did indeed appoint a Social Democrat Chancellor. Friedrich Ebert was the leader of the SPD, and was therefore considered the “proper” candidate, as well as being mutually accepted by the various coalition parties. Ebert was appointed to the office of Chancellor in May 1920, allowing for the first post-war German government to finally get to work.
Friedrich Ebert, Chancellor of Germany (1920-1925)
The start of Friedrich Ebert's reign of office was marked with several face-value issues. The German economy was still attempting to recover from the Great War, tensions between the members of the Dual Monarchy were growing rapidly, and Germany had to reorganize her newly acquired eastern holdings. This was in addition to the need to organize an Alsace-Lorraine referendum, and deal with Germany's colonies in Africa which were in limbo.
General Ludendorff, who had been dismissed from the German High Command before the Kaiserschlacht, had been in charge of subjugating rebellious groups in the East.
While the Baltics had put up no fight in being tamed, the Ukraine continued to pose a threat, as Bolsheviks and Anarchists caused massive damage to the Southeastern Ukraine. Even though Ukraine had been originally deemed "territory of the Habsburgs" in the treaty of peace with the Bolsheviks, the Germans had assumed control of the region in all but name as the Habsburg Empire dealt with internal strife.
This lead to the dissolution of the short-lived nation of Ukraine in March 1921, after many ethnic clashes between Catholic West Ukrainians and Orthodox East Ukrainians. The German government and Ministry of Eastern Reorganization decided to divide the nation along the "lines of ethnicity". The former Western parts of Ukraine were subjugated by "White Ruthenia", while the parts of Ukraine with Russian-majorities were organized into what the Germans called "Neurussland" and the Russians in the region called "Novorossiya." The Crimean region was, after much debate, made an autonomous part of the German Empire as the "Duchy of Krim".
These new friendly regimes adopted new constitutions through out 1920 and 1921.
The Kingdom of Poland had been established in 1916 under an attempt by Germany to legitimize her conquest of the region. It consisted primarily of the Russian territory of "Congress Poland".
The Kingdom had a standing regency for the time being. Trouble with management of the state lead to Ludendorff forcibly dismissing the German administrators in the Kingdom, and allowing native Poles to take up the mantle. Germany controlled Poland's affairs, but domestically, Poland was Poland. The April 1920 Constitution outlined this relationship. The capital was maintained in the city of Warsaw, however, Poland's new establishment caused tensions between Germany and Austria, as Poland continued to insist that Galicia was Polish soil occupied by the Austrians.
The Kingdom had a standing regency for the time being. Trouble with management of the state lead to Ludendorff forcibly dismissing the German administrators in the Kingdom, and allowing native Poles to take up the mantle. Germany controlled Poland's affairs, but domestically, Poland was Poland. The April 1920 Constitution outlined this relationship. The capital was maintained in the city of Warsaw, however, Poland's new establishment caused tensions between Germany and Austria, as Poland continued to insist that Galicia was Polish soil occupied by the Austrians.
The Republic of Belarus (or "White Ruthenia") was perhaps the most troublesome region of the newly acquired "Ostland". After the Brest-Litovsk Treaty was signed, Belarus revolted against Germany's authority in March 1918. Distracted with the Kaiserschlacht, the Bolshevik-sympathetic state remained independent for several months. However, in late 1919, Ludendorff's eastern forces entered the country and forced the Bolshevik regime into collapse. Belarus was then reorganized as a German client state. With the republican sentiment far too high, a constitution was ratified in 1920 establishing Belarus as a republic. The capital was in Minsk, and Germany had a permanent military presence in the nation to prevent further Bolshevik uprisings or incursions. After the 1921 collapse of Ukraine's central authority, Belarus was given much of the Western Ukrainian region, heavily expanding the state's power.
The Kingdom of Neurussland (or "Novorossiya") was established in 1921 as a German client state under a German prince. This German prince was the Kaiser's second son, Prince Eitel Friedrich, who was encrowned as King Ivan VII of Novorossiya. Novorossiya became a hotspot of activity for White Russian forces and Russian exiles. The capital of the state was in Kiev, the old capital of the Ukraine before it's dissolution.
The Kingdom of Finland was the most independent state of the German sphere of influence after the Great War. Germany had effectively helped the state gain it's independence from Russia, and it was nominally a protectorate, however, unlike the other "Ostland" states, it conducted it's own foreign affairs and domestic. The only 'German' administrator involved in Finland was their duly elected monarch. Friedrich Karl of Hesse was elected to sit as King of Finland in October 1918. In January 1919, he was coronated as Kaarle I of Finland. Despite the civil war that had occurred earlier in 1918, the new King attempted to mend the divide in the nation, the first of which was to attempt to get the Social Democrats reorganized after most of their leadership was imprisoned for attempting to impose a Bolshevik government on Finland. This lead to the newly reformed Social Democrats entering the Finnish parliament in 1921, for the first time since 1918.
It was in this period of Eastern reorganization that the old Central Powers began to clash. Austria was not thrilled at Germany overpowering them in Poland and Ukraine, and their loss of influence in those places. Elsewhere, their loss of influence in Romania was also felt as the Austrian-sympathetic leadership was ousted in 1921 by a coup and replaced by an independent leadership, to which Germany refused to help Austria in putting down.
The Central Powers were beginning to drift apart, and this was in no small part due to Germany's anger for being dragged into a war because of Austria. As a result of this, Germany began to look for allies in other nations, even amongst it's former enemies.
Time would tell if Germany would be diplomatically isolated, or experience better relations with the world.
Eastern Europe, 1921
It was in this period of Eastern reorganization that the old Central Powers began to clash. Austria was not thrilled at Germany overpowering them in Poland and Ukraine, and their loss of influence in those places. Elsewhere, their loss of influence in Romania was also felt as the Austrian-sympathetic leadership was ousted in 1921 by a coup and replaced by an independent leadership, to which Germany refused to help Austria in putting down.
The Central Powers were beginning to drift apart, and this was in no small part due to Germany's anger for being dragged into a war because of Austria. As a result of this, Germany began to look for allies in other nations, even amongst it's former enemies.
Time would tell if Germany would be diplomatically isolated, or experience better relations with the world.
Eastern Europe, 1921
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Asami
Banned
Peace Without Victors
After the inauguration of the Ebert government, Germany's primary responsibility for the immediate period was to settle relations with the Entente powers. This manifested as the Alsace-Lorraine Referendum and the Final Settlement of the German Colonies. These two were achieved as the Kaiser's power was consistently marginalized by the government.
The Alsace-Lorraine referendum was formally organized in July 1920, and was held in one year's time, granting both sides proper time to campaign amongst their groups. In July 1921, the residents of the Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen went to the polls, and the results were as expected -- the Francophone majority regions voted for France, with the Alemannic/German regions for Germany. After ceding the pro-French lands to France, the state was integrated into the German system. Considered an independent province of the Empire without a monarchist system, Alsace-Lorraine elected it's "Statthalter" who would act as the governor of the region.
The relative success of the Alsace-Lorraine referendum was welcomed in Germany as a step toward normalization of relations with the Entente. However, the matter of Germany's colonies persisted. The Germans knew they wouldn't be able to take their colonies back, and the dubious Belgium administration of the Congo would be ended at the first sight of German takeover. So, gritting their teeth, Germany signed a treaty with Britain and France in 1921 signing away the right to their colonies.
The Congo issues brewed in London and Berlin for a time before the Belgian puppet state gave the Congo colony away to Britain, formally removing the last remnants of German influence from Africa. This caused a howl of argument amongst reactionaries in Germany, leading up to the December 1921 “Christmas Putsch”. On Christmas Day, 1921, several German military divisions revolted against the state, hoping to be supported by the Kaiser and other reactionaries. The revolt lasted six days before the Kaiser came out publicly against the coup, and the Alldeutsche Volkspartei denounced it too as a “Bolshevik conspiracy”. The coup collapsed, and the high conspirators, mostly low-level officers of the German army, were arrested and tried for treason, and then hung shortly after the New Year.
At the beginning of 1922, Germany’s economy was still struggling to get off the ground. The Papiermark, introduced at the outbreak of the World War, was nearly worthless. Ebert’s government organized a group of representatives of the top banking enterprises and industrial enterprises to work on a currency reform. At the same time, Germany’s industry experienced a kick-start as the Kuomintang in China and the White Russians began to place order requests for German weaponry. So, via the Ostland and naval trade, Germany’s arms industry roared to life toward the end of 1922, as Germany began to reconcile with the White Russian and Chinese warlords alike.
Another event that brought Germany’s attention to the rest of Europe was in 1922, when Benito Mussolini, founder of the “fascist” doctrine of nationalism and borderline “reactionary” policy, marched upon the capital city of Italy, Rome. On October 29, 1922, Mussolini was recognized as Prime Minister of Italy, and Europe’s first fascist state was born. This extremely worried Germany as this new ideology could be considered dangerous for Germany -- a society where everyone and everything seemed polarized. The Alldeutsche Volkspartei, however, focused more upon “Pan-German unity” than anything else. The party seemed unwilling to adopt fascist ideology, and even began to shy away from reactionary beliefs as the clock moved toward 1923.
Mussolini and his fascists march upon Rome
1923 marked a brighter note in the dark part of the early 1920s. Germany’s economic distress began to lighten as Franco-German diplomats hashed out a deal to “lighten the load” of mutual economic reparations as France was suffering in the same light as Germany. Germany’s currency reform to abolish the Papiermark and adopt the Reichsmark was introduced to the Reichstag on March 13, 1923, and the proliferation of German arms to the KMT and White Russians continued.
In May 1923, Germany began the process of demonetizing the Papiermark and began moving to the Reichsmark as their formal national currency. A tight fiscal policy enacted to ensure that money was not printed without proper backing by foreign investment or banking was instigated by the government of Ebert at the insistence of industrialists.
In mid-1923, the German Empire entered arms-length economic negotiations with the President Warren G. Harding, to further German-American economic cooperation. The treaty was signed in November, as German and American companies began to expand investment deals in each other, further revitalizing Germany’s stagnant economy.
With 1924 around the corner, German political parties began to campaign for their cause. The German political scene had stabilized since the 1920 election, however, the Pan-German People’s Party had gained membership since 1920, and was now threatening the Conservative bloc as the ADVP moved further away from the cause of reaction and to the cause of centrism and German unity.
On December 13, 1923, Chancellor Ebert appointed a new Deputy Chancellor after his previous one resigned. He appointed a Center Party politician, Wilhelm Marx, to be his deputy. The coalition approved of the decision, allowing for the Center to get some say in the operation of government.
1924 was a quiet year for Germany, after a judicial reform abolished the system of trial-by-jury and supplanted it with a new system of judges and lay judges. When election day came, there wasn’t much panic like in 1920, the election was orderly and peaceful, and went over well, all parts considered.
Social Democratic Party - 167 seats, 42.06% (+10)
Center Party - 112 seats, 28.21% (+11)
Progressive People’s Party - 0 seats, 0.00% (-21)
National Liberal Party - 0 seats, 0.00% (-20)
Conservative Party - 68 seats, 17.12% (+20)
German Reich Party - 14 seats, 3.25% (-5)
Pan-German People’s Party - 15 seats, 3.77% (+5)
Communist Party of Germany - 21 seats, 5.28% (+-0)
Center Party - 112 seats, 28.21% (+11)
Progressive People’s Party - 0 seats, 0.00% (-21)
National Liberal Party - 0 seats, 0.00% (-20)
Conservative Party - 68 seats, 17.12% (+20)
German Reich Party - 14 seats, 3.25% (-5)
Pan-German People’s Party - 15 seats, 3.77% (+5)
Communist Party of Germany - 21 seats, 5.28% (+-0)
The election results were quite the surprise. The Liberal Parties had failed to gain a single seat in the Reichstag, having been effectively marginalized in German politics, in no small part due to the polarization effect on German politics. This posed a threat to the continuity of these parties, as now they had no more power-base. The Social Democrats retained their majority, and their SDP-Zentrum coalition remained in power with Ebert as Chancellor, secured for another four years. The Conservative coalition remained mostly cohesive, with 82 seats. However, in 1924, they decided to invite the ADVP into the coalition after the party moved more toward their political ideologies. This increased the power of the “right bloc” in the Reichstag to 97 seats, still too little for to break the SDP-Zentrum majority, but enough to challenge it.
In January 1925, Germany was shaken up as Chancellor Ebert passed away in office, having been found dead at his desk by a secretary. Initial suspicion of Bolshevik assassination were dismissed when it was discovered that Ebert had just simply died. This lead to his Deputy succeeding him. In 1925, Wilhelm Marx became Chancellor of the German Empire, entirely by coincidence.
Wilhelm Marx, Chancellor of Germany (1925-1929)
Tyr Anazasi
Banned
Some points to nitpick:
1. Germany would have made a constitional reform like October 1918 OTL making it a true parlamentarian monarchy.
2. The liberal parties were very strong at this time. A complete failure was unlikely (but not impossible).
3. The German colonies, at least in East Africa and South West Africa, could have been revived without much problems. Same is for Togo and Cameroon.
1. Germany would have made a constitional reform like October 1918 OTL making it a true parlamentarian monarchy.
2. The liberal parties were very strong at this time. A complete failure was unlikely (but not impossible).
3. The German colonies, at least in East Africa and South West Africa, could have been revived without much problems. Same is for Togo and Cameroon.
Asami
Banned
1. It's functioning on the premise that after the end of the war, the military directorate that effectively ran Germany began to devolve power back to the people -- mostly without the Kaiser's permission. They side-stepped him and passed a series of electoral reforms in 1920, before handing power back.
2. It's only one election, the Liberal parties are not completely fish-fried.
3. I've heard arguments against the opposites, besides, Germany would be too busy trying to rebuild after the war and dealing with the Bolsheviks in the East to worry about reclaiming and administrating their colonies. It's just not worth it, man.
I will have a good look tonight, sorry! Busy trying trying to get together everything I need for an audit!
Best Regards
Grey Wolf
Peace Without Victors
Chapter 3. The Last Sultan (Spring 1918 - Winter 1921)
The Ottoman Empire, a major ally of the German Empire during the World War, played little, if any role in the Kaiserschlacht. By Spring of 1918, the Ottoman Empire was practically on the brink of destruction as the Young Turks circled the archaic Ottoman regime's power, and the British-backed Arabs swept through the Middle East, further reducing the power of the Ottoman Empire's war machine.
After the Kaiserschlacht's conclusion, and the nominal end of hostilities in Europe, the ground situation of the Ottoman Empire grew worse. Britain no longer "occupied" the land, although much of it was not held by the Turks. By the ratification of the Treaty of Dresden, the Ottoman Empire's fate was sealed.
On January 18, 1920, the Sultan and others were ousted in a palace coup lead by members of the armed forces, and political revolutionaries under the command of a Turkish army officer named "Mustafa Kemal Pasha".
Mustafa Kemal Pasha and Ismet Pasha
Pasha and his fellow revolutionaries seized the city of Istanbul, and rapidly gained control of the ruins of the Ottoman Empire. It was shortly after this, that the new leaders decided to create a "Turkish state" only. The Arab revolutionaries seized on this, and the Ottoman Empire expired in February 1920, replaced by a plethora of new states.
The Republic of Turkey, Republic of Syria (encompassing Syria and Lebanon), Kingdom of Iraq, Kingdom of Jordan and the Kingdom of Palestine, all of whom were under various members of the Hashemite clan. In the Arabian states themselves, the Hedjaz broke away from the Turkish influences, leading to a three-way rivalry between the Arabic groups to contest who would create a unified Arab state.
The situation in the newly independent Middle East was not a safe one. The Hashemite nations quickly formed a common coalition against the other two Arabic tribes rivaling them -- the Sauds and Rashids rivaled the influence of the Hashemites. In mid-1920, the Sauds attempted to expand their influence by invading the Emirate of Hail. However, a combined arms defense undertaken by the Hashemite states, the Saudi attempt to conquer Arabia was halted, and the war turned in Hashemite favor. The war would persist on and off until 1925, when the Hashemite leader of Mecca, the de-facto Caliph, asserted his position as King of Arabs, giving way to the establishment of the Sultanate of Arabia. This state concluded business with the British and other foreign powers, leading to regulation of the borders with Oman and Yemen, which had fallen under British suzerainty after the end of the Great War.
The situation for Turkey was not the best during the aftermath of the foundation of the Republic. Pasha’s new government undertook an ethnic cleansing against Armenians to reduce their influence in Eastern Anatolia. This massacre of the innocent people of Armenia lasted from 1919 to 1921, before the Turks stopped the ethnic cleansing due to clashes with Greece and Bulgaria. Fearing for the Republic and the capital, Pasha moved the capital to Ankara in 1921, setting up a new capital in the interior of Anatolia.
But the influence of the Europeans in the Middle East could not be held at bay forever. Britain, France, and even the recovering Germany, influenced the various states of the Middle East, hoping to gain economic favor to increase their economic power. This was highlighted by the 1922 deal between the Germans, Turkey and Iraq for the realization of the Istanbul-Ankara-Baghdad railroad line.
By the start of 1922, the new Arab states were settling into their new independent status, and trying to play the Europeans off each other to preserve it. Time would tell how this would work for them, however.
---
This post only covers the Middle East from 1918 to 1922. Don't worry about anything else right now.
Pasha is a title not a surname, So it should not be used by itself, but rather as the name and title together ie Kemal Pasha, or even more correctly Mustafa Kemal Pasha. Otherwise despite the slightly implausible POD not bad at all.
Asami
Banned
My problem was that the only name I could find for him was Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, which would be an anachronism.
Asami
Banned
Peace Without Victors
Interlude: Whatever Happened to the Austrian Corporal?
In a “meta” sense, we must now spend a post discussing everyone’s favorite wacky cadre of Germans -- the Nazis! As you can obviously see, the NSDAP has yet to make it’s appearance by 1925 -- and there was no Beer Hall Putsch (replaced in the timeline by the Christmas Putsch, effectively). The Nazi Party doesn’t exist in this TL… so… what ever happened to the Austrian Corporal and his pals, Fatso Göring and Mister Goebbels?
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Adolf Hitler was a messenger of the Bavarian Army during the Great War. During the events of the Kaiserschlacht, Adolf’s unit was part of Operation: Michael, and he was many of the German soldiers to march through Arras and Amiens in the later days of the wars. When the armistice signed, Hitler’s regiment was transferred to the East for occupational duty. Initially deployed to dislodge Bolshevik regiments from the Donetsk province, Hitler was reassigned to be General Ludendorff’s adjutant in 1920. During the Eastern Reorganization, Hitler was promoted to the rank of Feldwebel for assisting the General in coordinating anti-Bolshevik operations in White Ruthenia. In 1921, Hitler was recommended by Ludendorff for officer school, becoming a Fähnrich and being assigned to the Danzig school. By 1923, he had ascended to the rank of Leutenant. As of January 1925, Adolf Hitler is currently an Oberleutnant of the German Army.
Adolf Hitler
Hermann Göring was a soldier of the infantile German Air Force during the First World War. During the Kaiserschlacht, he, along with the Red Baron Manfred von Richthofen, served with distinction, netting him an Iron Cross First Class, and recognition. After the end of the war, he left the air force behind and became involved with civil aviation. Spending the early 1920s piloting private flights, he as well was involved with Fokker, one of Germany’s aviation firms. In 1923, he returned to Germany permanently after spending 1920 and 1921 in Sweden and Denmark chartering private flights from nobles, and as of 1925, is an officer in the Luftstreitkräfte. However, Goering’s performance as an officer has been stunted due to his addiction to morphine, leading to many of his fellow officers questioning his leadership capacity.
Joseph Goebbels was not a soldier of the First World War due to a physical deformation in his legs. Despite this, he completed his Ph.D in 1921, and began freelance writing of love poems and semi-autobiographical tales to make up for his damaged psyche as a result of poor physical health. In 1923, he temporarily pursued a girl who revealed herself to him to be of partial Jewish ancestry. He participated in the 1923 Christmas putsch as a volunteer for the rebels. He managed to escape being arrested and fled to Bavaria, where he spent most of 1924, being involved with the Alldeutsche Volkspartei before they expelled him for being too “radical”. In October 1924, he was stabbed to death in a beer hall in Munich after getting into a heated argument with three communists. His death went mostly unnoticed.
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This timeline looks very interesting.
This timeline looks very interesting. I feel that the after effects of WW1 are still rippling through the world. Therefore I am interested in any timeline where the after effects are not so bad.
Regards
Stubear1012
This timeline looks very interesting. I feel that the after effects of WW1 are still rippling through the world. Therefore I am interested in any timeline where the after effects are not so bad.
Regards
Stubear1012
What is partial recompense?
I dont understand what you mean by the following:
"France and Germany as well agreed to pay each other partial recompense for their losses in the war. It would not be an excessive amount, but enough to cover a chunk of the losses without inflicting worse losses on either side."
When I think about recompense I think of gold, silver, coal, food, finished goods and so on. I also think that it is one sided. ie the loser sends money to the winner. It seems to me that they would cancel each other out.
Stubear1012
I dont understand what you mean by the following:
"France and Germany as well agreed to pay each other partial recompense for their losses in the war. It would not be an excessive amount, but enough to cover a chunk of the losses without inflicting worse losses on either side."
When I think about recompense I think of gold, silver, coal, food, finished goods and so on. I also think that it is one sided. ie the loser sends money to the winner. It seems to me that they would cancel each other out.
Stubear1012
Nitpick: he would indeed have the EKI (Iron Cross 1st Class). Did he have his OTL victory totals? If he did, he would have also had the Pour le Mérite.
And what is happening to Richthofen? It looks like he survived the war.
Asami
Banned
It basically did cancel itself out. Germany and France basically promised to pay for a chunk each other's reconstruction after the war.