I like the examples the others brought up, and even under Hitler, the local satraps had remarkable powers, but I think Nazi Germany would be a bad example to this trope overall, as the whole point of the thing was to have a supreme ruler from whom all power flowed. So the Council concept would not fly that much in Nazi Germany, and Nazi Germany only. Everywhere else, sure.
I spent some bandwidth on this concept in other posts not that long ago, but the remarkable (perhaps poor choice of word there, but hear me out) aspect of Nazi Germany wasn't that it had an ideology, it was that it's ideology was Hitlerism, he who is closest to Hitler gets to have power, regardless of their title. If in the Soviet Union, China and Musso-'s Italy the title of a man was a marker of power and statement what that man could be allowed to do and the scope of their fiefdom, in Nazi Germany titles meant almost close to nothing despite the preponderance of them. Even positions in department meant nothing in the grand scheme of things, as the men closest to Hitler could expand their fiefdoms with his blessing without ever changing their titles. I mean, yes, you had Old School Prussians such as Goering who took on titles with aplomb to signal his responsibilities, but you also had a parade of SS and Nazi Party official shit-heels who quietly did whatever they wanted and appropriated powers that were never granted to them, but could do it because Hitler approved of them.
This is by no means a unique 20th or 21st century phenom, as you tend to see this kind of thing in mismanaged companies all over the world today as well (I know quite a few banks where the gal with a humble "team manager" title who takes cigarette breaks with the CEO has more power than a clutch of VPs and Directors).
The other thing to remember is that a lot of the Type A dictators had no idea the degree they were manipulated by the alleged executors of their will. As it was in their nature to assume that their underlings were instruments of their vision rather than real human beings with desires and crabbed and petty visions of their own. So the vision of the dictator whose every utterance moves mountains is fiction best left to the Greek myths.
The Soviet Union is probably the best (known to me) examples of post-Stalinist collective decision making. Everyone kinda agreed what the big "vision" thing was and concentrated on A) not being the idiots who f' it all up and lose the fight against Capitalism, B) maintain control of an empire, C) retain powers within the chief kingdom of the empire.
Brezhnev's last decade in power is a glorious example of a police state where the police did not quite understand what it meant to police or define state but kept up appearances.