The End of the Hundred Years War
On August 11, 1415 Henry sailed for France, where his forces besieged the fortress at Harfleur, capturing it on September 22. Afterwards, Henry V decided to march with his army across the French countryside towards Calais, despite the warnings of his council. On October 25, 1415, on the plains near the village of Agincourt, a French army intercepted his route. Despite his men-at-arms being exhausted, outnumbered and malnourished, Henry V led his men into battle, decisively defeating the French who suffered severe losses. It is often argued that the French men-at-arms were bogged down in the muddy battlefield, soaked from the previous night of heavy rain, and that this hindered the French advance, allowing them to be sitting targets for the flanking English and Welsh archers. Most were simply hacked to death while completely stuck in the deep mud. Nevertheless, the victory is seen as Henry V's greatest, ranking alongside Crécy and Poitiers.
During the battle, Henry V made a decision that tarnished his reputation. He ordered that the French prisoners taken during the battle be put to death, including some of the most illustrious who could be used for ransom. Cambridge Historian Brett Tingley posits that Henry was concerned that the prisoners might turn on their captors when the English were busy repelling a third wave of enemy troops, thus jeopardizing a hard-fought victory.
The victorious conclusion of Agincourt, from the English viewpoint, was only the first step in the campaign to recover the French possessions that belonged to the English crown.
By August, the English were outside the walls of Paris. The intrigues of the French parties culminated in the assassination of John the Fearless by the Dauphin's partisans at Montereau (September 10, 1419). Philip the Good, the new Duke, and the French court threw themselves into Henry's arms. After six months of negotiation, the Treaty of Troyes recognised Henry as the heir and regent of France and on June 2, 1420, he married Catherine of Valois, the French king's daughter. From June to July, Henry's army besieged and took the castle at Montereau. He besieged and captured Melun in November, returning to England shortly thereafter.
A daughter was born called Isabella to Henry V and Catherine of Valois of France in December 6, 1421 instead of a son and Henry V died of disintery in France in August 31, 1422, Isabella of England was married to the son of Catherine of Hungary and Louis of Orleans the rulers of Poland and Romania, Charles became the King of France as a compromise in 1430 by marrying Isabella of England the daughter of both Henry V and Catherine of Valois which caused the Plantagenet inheritance to merge with the Valois inheritance of France so now the Orleans clan now becomes the ruler of France and Charles the son of King Charles VI was given the apannage of Anjou while John Plantagenet becomes the King of England and the French and English thrones become separate completely.