Bassarion Korax
Banned
@Bassarion Korax
I'm afraid Not. The Suvarovo-Novodanilovka culture was a short-lived phenomenon, archaeologically speaking. By 4000 BCE, their traces are already dispersed.
Now, I do entirely agree that there was massive IE influx into Europe which also came into contact with the CWC, also in Pannonia, and at a time when Lengyel was in its way Out. That was roughky 700 years later - in Yamnaya times.
Will read the blog you mention.
Forgive me, I was remembering the literature I had read incorrectly. Let me quote from Quiles' book A Song of Sheep and Horses, here...
Suvorovo chiefs are probably to be identified with Proto-Anatolian speakers expanding from Khvalynsk, and were thus in close contact with the (most likely Proto- or Para-Uralic-speaking) Sredni Stog culture, and with cultures from the Caucasus and Old Europe, which makes any innovative trait traced to the Proto-Anatolian stage suspicious of being a potential loan.
Traits associated with early contacts could include the following:
· The satemising trend proposed for Anatolian (Melchert 1987), if accepted, could stem precisely from this close contact (see below §3.4.1. Indo-Iranian evolution and §4.13.1. Balto-Slavic evolution).
· Similarly, the ‘fortis-lenis’ system Pre-PA **tt/t/ˀt → PA *tt/t (Kloekhorst 2008) may stem from early contacts with languages of the Caucasus.
· PU common structure noun + ending + poss. enclitic is found exclusively in Anatolian, which suggests a common origin in Indo-Uralic (Kloekhorst 2008), but possibly also its adoption by Pre-Proto-Anatolian migrants...
He goes on...
The earliest attested Anatolian language is possibly to be found in the inscriptions of Armi, dated ca. 2500-2300 BC (Bonechi 1990), whose onomastic tradition is used to locate it in or near Ebla territory, in what is today north-western Syria (Archi 2011):
“Most of these personal names belong to a name-giving tradition different from that of Ebla; Arra-ti/tulu(m) is attested also at Dulu, a neighbouring city-state (Bonechi 1990b: 22–25). We must, therefore, deduce that Armi belonged to a marginal, partially Semitised linguistic area different from the ethno-linguistic region dominated by Ebla. Typical are masculine personal names ending in -a-du: A-la/li-wa-du/da, A-li/lu-wa-du, Ba-mi-a-du, La-wadu, Mi-mi-a-du, Mu-lu-wa-du. This reminds one of the suffix -(a)nda, -(a)ndu, very productive in the Anatolian branch of Indo-European (Laroche 1966: 329). Elements such as ali-, alali-, lawadu-, memi-, mula/i- are attested in Anatolian personal names of the Old Assyrian period (Laroche 1966: 26–27, 106, 118, 120).”
Common Anatolian seems to have expanded thus early during the 3rd millennium BC into the three known main groups, due to their close relatedness: Southern Anatolian (comprising Luwian and Lycian, and probably Lydian), and two conservative branches, Palaic and Hittite. Intensive language contact after the spread of Common Anatolian is apparent from the morphological and phonological convergence of different dialects, which makes their classification more difficult.
The first attested Hittite and Luwian words come from clay tablets unearthed at Kaneš ca. 1920–1720 BC, before the first texts written in Hittite. Written in Old Assyrian dialect of Akkadian, the tablets refer to the local Anatolian population, and record hundreds of personal names that may be related to various languages, including Hittite, Luwian, Hurrian, and Hattian. The merchant records contain a number of Anatolian Indo-European loanwords adopted by the Assyrian community.
Hittite loans include layers of Hattic, Hurrian, Akkadian loanwords. Potential substrates behind some Anatolian languages include (Watkins 2001):
· Phonetic changes, like the appearance of /f/ and /v/.
· Split ergativity: Hurrian is ergative, Hattic probably too.
· Increasing use of enclitic pronoun and particle chains after first stressed word: in Hattic after verb, in Hurrian after nominal forms.
· Almost obligatory use of clause initial and enclitic connectors: e.g. semantic and syntactic identity of Hattic pala/bala and Hittite nu.
Interesting is the Indo-Iranian words found in the hippological texts of Kikkuli, which contains e.g. PII. aikau̯artanna- ‘single turn’, maybe through Luwian or Hurrian (see below §3.4.4. Mitanni Indic). The two last layers seen on Hittite are Luwian-like (the so-called “Glossenkeilwörter”, marked by writers as of foreign origin), and the Luwian loanwords increasing in the Middle Hittite, and especially in the Neo-Hittite periods.
Luwian loans include potential Hittite Luwianism PII assussanni-, as well as Lycian esbe, assumed to derive from the Mitanni reflex of LPIE *eku̯os ‘horse’.
And of course the Mitanni, or rather their social elite were Indo-Aryan.
So, the "satemizing" features argued for by Melchert here (https://linguistics.ucla.edu/people/Melchert/The Position of AnatolianRevised3.pdf) would in fact have been the result of contact that happened very early on with the Sredni Stog, not the Corded Ware. My apologies. This would mean that the "satemization" of the Southern Anatolian Branch (Luwian, Lycian, and Lydian) would have taken place as Southern Anatolian migrated and developed ahead of Hittite-Palaic into the Balkans, while Hittite-Palaic represents a later migration. That's the reverse of what I was saying. That having been said, Carlos Quiles also argues in his book A Game of Clans circa page 164 that Indo-Anatolian and Proto-Anatolian spread through Eastern Europe, particularly along the Lower Danube, via the infiltration of a rather small social elite of matrilineally related Khvalynsk clans who practiced regular exogamy and thus quickly disseminated and more or less "disappeared" genetically and archaeologically within the milieu of the Balkans, not before leaving a significant cultural mark in terms of elaborate funerary practices and probably language, i.e., some of the groups within the archaeological cultures we recognize as Varna I, Cernavodă I, Gumelniţa and others were Proto-Anatolian-speaking. It would not be the first time that a group had adopted a new language without significantly changing their material culture or without the population being replaced.