Agh.
Athens was the communist-like power in ancient greece.
Proposing a new, "revolutionary" form of government based on people traditionally excluded from it (and giving to all the possibility of having a state-funded small salary, by means of randomly choosing names far minor statal charges), exporting it abroad fomenting civil wars in surrounding cities, building up a military empire of satellites based on subject states fearing its military might (and falling on them as a ton of bricks when they tried to defect, see Melos and compare that to Budapest or Prague).
Sparta, on the other hand was the paladin of traditional values (as opposed to Athen's new revolutionary values), and Sparta slogan was "Freedom for the greek cities" (Eleutheria).
Thus if you have to do a parallel, it would be much more:
Athens = CCCP
Sparta = USA
than the other way around
No, not even close. The closest modern analogue to Greek political thought would be Fascism, and before you say that the two are ultimately the same, they're not.
The core of Greek politics was the polis-the city-state. Someone's virtue was determined by their service towards the polis, or the state. Somone without a polis or whose polis had been destroyed were considered aliens or even sub-human. That is why the Metics in Athens were never given citizenship, despite the fact that many of them had lived in Athens for generations.
Now, you may say that service to the State is virtually the same as service to the People, yet the Greeks also thought that each individual and indeed each polis was in a state of natural competition with one another. We can see this through the Iliad, where the greatest clashes in the poem aren't between 'Greece' and 'Troy' but between the heroes-between Achilles and Hactor, Odeysseus and Ajax. The Greeks placed enormous importance in being the best-if you were only second best you were nothing. This is best represented in the Iliad where Odeysseus and Ajax compete over Achilles' armour. Odeysseus wins the armour and is hailed by his compatriots. Ajax, the loser, is abandoned and spurned, and later kills himself.
Furthermore, the Greeks in general had a love of youth and vigous which oen can also find in the Fascists, although you could say that it's more of a Futurist idea. To the Greeks, youth and vitality were everything, and old men were either to be venerated as great sages or ignored as useless old men.
These three things make Fascism the real descendent of ancient Greek thought, and you can most clearly see this in Plato's Republic, where there is no social mobility, absolute discipline and absolute loyalty to the state. Now obviously there was no one 'Greek' political philosophy; I use the term loosely to denote Athenian, Aristolean and Platonic political thought, which were the most influential even after the Classical period.