Early 11th century
Bantu peoples migrate North in East Africa, pushing Nilohamitic peoples even further North.
1001
Robert II, king of France, falls from his horse and dies while on his way to his third wedding. His uncle Odo Henry Capet becomes King Eudes I.
king Ahti of the Kvens dies in a hunting accident his son Väinö Kivenkantaja takes his fathers place as king of the Kvens.
English successfully defeat the Danes at the Battle of Alton.
Khmer King Jayavarman V, and his heir, Suryavarman, die almost simultaneously, leaving the Khmer without a king. The complex situation is exacerbated by a Champa invasion.
Otto III takes the city of Tibur [Tivoli]. Initially planning to spare the city, a sudden attack on his entourage by several peasants convinces him to burn Tibur to the ground. This wins him many supporters in Rome, Tibur's rival for control over Lazio.
1002
Bulgaria captures the city of Thessaloníki.
Champa continues to invade west into the Khmer Empire, approaching the Mekong River.
Firearms are invented in Song China
Mael Sechnaill mac Domnaill defeats Brian Boru mac Cennetig at Tara, killing the upstart king of Munster.
Harapunchai joins in on the war against Khmer, marching south
Eudes I dies, ending the Robertian Line. After a brief struggle, Richard the Good, Duke of Normandy, takes the throne of France.
Seeing a good opportunity to increase influence, Aethelred Ill-Counsel marries Emma, sister of France's new king.
Udayadityavarman I of Khmer dies. Jayaviravarman becomes ruler of Khmer.
Battle of Calatanazor a Cordovan success - Almanzor lives. He orders a military campaign against the three Christian nations of Spain - Leon, Castile, and Pamplona. War is coming.
Emperor Otto III marries Zoe Poryphyrogenita, daughter of Emperor Constantine of the Eastern Roman Empire.
1003
In Sweden, the defeat of allied Denmark is a blow to Christianity in Scandinavia. Olof Skotkonung gives in to public demand and declares Christianity a crime. Christians are tormented and churches are burned throughout the country by the pagan majority. The Christian majority of Vastergotland offers rule of the providence to any king willing to protect them.
Sigurd Syr, a sub-king from Norway, spotting an opportunity to expand his demesne, claims himself as defender of the Christians in Vastergotland. Olof Skotkonung moves his court to Uppland.
Empress Zoe delivers Otto III a son, Constantine.
King Istvan of Hungary declares war on Bulgaria.
Otto, count of the August Shire (Augstgouwa, Augstgau, near Basel/Bale) dies, his only male issue being a four year-old boy. Herman II. duke of Swabia and Otto's liege lord, strives to give this fief to his cousin Charles. Otto's kin in the neighboring domains protest against this deprivation and declare support to the toddler's claims. Herman's death in 1003 does not put an end to this strategy, which is then pursued by the brother-in-law of the deceased, Henry Count of Rheinfelden, and later his adolescent son Herman III. The conflict drags on, without much legal or military action apart from some puny skirmishes. Finally, it is terminated by the heir's death in 1011, and Charles can enter his new domain. Thus, the original question whether subleases can be bequeathed and inherited, remains unsettled, but non-hereditary position scores a point.
1004
Small clashes between pagans from Sweden, Finland, and parts of Norway and the Christian alliance of Southern Norway and Vastergotland. A proper invasion army is assembled in Trondelag with the purpose of setting up a puppet kingdom under Sveinn Hákonarson. The king of Norway and Denmark, Sweyn Forkbeard, is still unstable on his throne from losses in England and can't afford to send any more troops. Some German knights volunteer but less than 300 manage to make it to Arendal.
Khmer surrenders the western region to Harapunchai, then bribes Dai Viet into invading their perennial Champa rivals.
Empress Zoe delivers Otto III a daughter, Theodora.
Richard I of France convinces Rudolph III, king of Arelate Burgundy, to acknowledge Otto-William, Count of Burgundy, as his heir
king of the Karelis Kjair II and his raiders raid villages on the finnish southern coast raising great anger in the fleeing locals.
Events in Sweden force Sweyn Forkbeard to abandon his plans to re-invade England. Aethelred Ill-Counsel is apocryphally held to have exclaimed "God bless the pagans!"
The young Emperor of Liao china dies in his sleep. many suspect poising by his mother who is proclaimed empress. A coup takes place and general Xizong Wanyan takes over, and proclaims himself emperor Ninhan, starting the Xizong dynasty
Basilisa Helena delivers Emperor Constantine VIII a son, named Romanus in honor of his paternal grandfather.
1005
A Jewish boy is born with aposthia (a rare congenital condition which gives the appearance of being naturally circumcised) in the French city of Limoges- the rabbis of the city declare that he will be "a great leader of Israel"(meaning the Jewish people) He is given the name David Kahane.
A fleet from the Khalifat of Cordoba sacks Lattes/Lattara
Kenneth III of Scotland defeats and kills Malcolm the Destroyer at Monzievard.
To consolidate his Mael Sechnaill mac Domnaill proclaims himself king of Munster and Lienster, as well as High King of Ireland. This is received poorly by many of the small states in Ireland in particular in Ulster, and Connacht
A force led by Sigurd Syr defeats the main army of Olof Skotkonung at the Battle of Skara. But instead of following the coalitions plan to make Sveinn Hákonarson the king, proclaims himself king with the blessing of various bishops. He begins to head north towards the Capital of Sweden to finish off Olof Skotkonung
The Austurian Kingdoms defeat the Khalifate of Cordoba's forces at Soria, returning Spain to the status quo.
1007
The former Samanid prince of Bukhara, Isma'il Muntasir, narrowly escapes an attempt on his life.
King Sweyn Forkbeard is killed in fighting the Swedes. His son Harald becomes king of the Danes, while Sigurd Syr is elected king by the Norwegians.
Otto III founds the Bishopric of Bamburg
1008
Harald of Denmark has his ambitious brother Knut put to death.
on southern coast of Finland. a man named Tapio challenges king Kjair
to a fight. After 10 hours of fighting Kjair dies. Kjair's men who were watching the fight immediately slay Tapio but the death of Kjair cant be undone. the kingdom of Karelia is without a heir
1009
The Kara-Khanid ruler of Transoxania, Abu'l-Hasan Nasr, dies.
He is succeeded by his nephew, Sulayman Abu Musa Khan, who claims the Eastern part of the Khanate as well.
Väinö Kivenkantaja sees an opportunity to teach a lesson to his enemies and possibly make his realm a bit larger so he strikes the Karelians with a force of 500 men
Prince Robert of France and Princess Theodora of the HRE are betrothed. Richard I initially wanted his oldest son Richard in the arrangement, but the boy showed no interest in relationships of any kind.
Muhammad II, Khalif of Cordoba dies. Hisham II is restored to the Khalifate.
1010
The Ghaznavid ruler over Persia, Mahmud of Ghazni, survives an intrigue against his reign (his adversaries don't). He emerges stronger than before.
To secure his rule Ninhan launches a campaign against the Oirat and Mongol tribes.
Khalif Hisham II has Almanzor executed, considering the general a threat to his rule, and an ally of his rival Suleiman al-Mustain. al-Mustain flees to the Fatimid court of Caliph al-Hakin bi-Amr Allah in Cairo.
Moorish (Andalusian) raiders repeatedly afflict Sardinia and Central Italy.
king Väinö Kivenkantaja raid to Karelia was a meager victory although he lost many men he was able to conquer northern Karelia and add it to his domain. but on the way home he and his men are attacked by a bear in the dark. the bear bites off both of king Väinö's legs and it is very near he would die but as a miracle he survives. because his both legs are gone he cannot ride his horse it is decided they will put up a permanent camp to a nearby riverbank. they decide to call the place Väinön Linna literally meaning Väinö's castle in English.
1011
War breaks out between the Xizong and the Song.
1012
Radim Gaudentius, bastard son of Slavnik, leading the last White Croats rebel against Polish rule, and after loosing a battle in Silesia, decide to follow their ancestors and migrate to Croatia, invading and settling in Bosnia, and in order to protect themselves, they pledged allegiance to the King of Croatia, who names Radim "Duke of the White Croatia".
1013
Valdemar Eriksson, a powerful Geatish noble proclaims himself "Rex Getarum" and founds the glorious "Kingdom of the Geats", or Götaland as it was more commonly known. Most of the other Geatish nobles, which distrust the pagan Swedes decide to join him and pledge allegiance to him.
1014
Emperor Otto III. invests Rudolf of Ballenstedt as Count-Palatine of Saxony.
He is granted feoffs in the Imperial territories within Saxony (primarily around Goslar).
1016
Aethelred Ill-Counsel dies. His is succeeded by his son, Edmund Short-Life, who himself dies not long after from consumption. Edmund's brother, Edwy the Reckless, becomes King of the English.
Princess Adelaide of France marries Reginald of Burgundy, son of Otto-William, Count of Burgundy.
1017
Serbia falls to the Roman Empire. Bulgaria becomes a vassal of the Roman Empire
The first American iron weapon is created in Chan-Chan, Peru. It would take some time before it become more widely used.
Emperor Ninhan defeat the Song Emperor. Ninhan is killed and battle and his son Xongdow is named emperor. In the Treaty Xizong takes the northern part of Song, forcing the Song to the south.
king Väinö Kivenkantaja dies at the remarkable age of 55. the new king chosen is Väinö's youngest brother Ilari.
Edwy of England invades Scotland
Battle of Newcastle-upon-Tyne - Edwy defeats the Scottish army
1018
Battle of the Kings at Scone, Kenneth III defeats Edwy, but both rulers are killed. Edwy's half-brother Alfred becomes king of the English, while Kenneth's grandson Malcolm becomes king of the Scots.
Emperor Otto III holds a Princely Diet at Innsbruck. He presents his plans of an Italian campaign for the next year. Many princes promise their support ("Heerfolge").
1019
Luo tribes invade Alodia, hoping to get away from the Bantu tribes.
May - An army of roughly 7,000 takes off over the Alps. It is led by Emperor Otto, Duke Henry of Lotharingia (Luxembourg), Duke Ernest of Swabia (Babenberg), Archbishop Aribo of Mainz, and Otto's brother-in-law, Count-Palatine Ezzo in Lotharingia. Affairs in Germany lie in the hands of Otto's cousin, duke Henry IV. of Bavaria. Otto also takes his son Constantine with him. The most powerful nobleman staying in Germany (but Henry) is the Billung duke of Saxony.
June - The Emperor arrives in the Po Valley. He faces respect and acclamation from nobility and population.
July - Emperor Otto is received very obligingly by his old confidant, Pope Sylvester II. He conveys a message from Constantinople: The desire for a common action against Sicily. After some consideration, Otto agrees. The dispute among the princes turns out positive, as things have gone so easy before, and they are eager for glory.
August - The Holy Roman Army makes its way through Mezzogiorno, proving in some skirmishes. Now in Salerno, they meet a Byzantine emissary ( at the same time, a high-ranking general with his army). The general offers Otto the expected reverence. A military strategy is soon agreed upon. Byzantine ships transfer the Holy Roman Army to Sicily.
September 12th, 1019 - Otto has an accident and dies the day after. Count-Palatine Ezzo continues to lead the Army in the name of Otto's son, Constantine I.
October 20th, 1019 - Palermo is taken. Otto is entombed in Rome. After Otto's death, the accompanying princes acclaim Constantine as their king. (This was mainly pushed by Aribo of Mainz, but corresponded to the general attitude.)
December 25th, 1019 - Aging Pope Sylvester II. crowns Constantine Roman Emperor.
In his homily he refers to the restitution of the Roman Empire to old dignity and grandeur. When word spreads about this to North of the Alps, there is much agreement, mixed with surprise by this fast coronation. However, Duke Bernard of Saxony opposes, and some minor noblemen with him. He declares he wouldn't recognize Constantine because he was not appointed by an assembly of all princes, nor on German soil. This brings him into stark conflict with the highest-ranking local Imperial officer, Saxon Count-Palatine Rudolf.
1020
Makuria takes advantage of Alodia's troubles to invade, dividing the kingdom with the Luo.
May - Constantine and the Army return to North of the Alps.
August - Pope Sylvester II dies. Mario di Bologna, a supporter of Sylvester, becomes Pope Gregory VI.
1021
Basil II Bulgaroktonus dies. Constantine VIII begins ruling the Roman Empire in his own right. He elevates his son, Romanus III, to the position of co-emperor.
Princely Diet held in Xanten/Santen/Santum (close to, but outside Saxony).
Duke Bernhard of Saxony (from the House of Billung) is particluarly invited to "bring up any issues he desires before the Emperor, without fearing risk of his life, health, or possessions." Nevertheless, he fails to appear.
Holy Roman Emperor Constantine seizes the opportunity to have have his chancellor, Archbishop Aribo of Mainz, declare "that a majority of the Great Ones of the Empire are entitled to appoint a new king, may the former one be deceased and no successor be determined so far. It is not necessary that all Great Ones of the Empire convene, if the supporters already constitute a prevalence among all, may they be present or not. An appointing convention should take place on the soil of the Roman Empire, not necessarily in Germany."
The first obvious change in Byzantine government after Basil' death materializes by Constantine's policy to enhance Constantinople's naval strength.
1022
Damot and Shewa pledge allegiance to Zaghwe, hoping to gain defense from migrating Luo.
Constantine makes provisions for the administration of the Empire in his absence.
He particularly strengthens the position of the Four Count-Palatines (Saxony, Lotharingia, Bavaria, Burgundy) and the Archbishop of Mainz. The latter is explicitly appointed to settle urgent legal causes if the Emperor is not present in Germany.
1025
Constantine starts a new voyage over the Alps; this time not with dukes of the Empire, but with an army directly under his command.
In August, he enters the city of Rome to take a permanent residence there.
Princess Theodora of France gives broth to a daughter, Adela
Numerous Greek lawyers and theologians spread to Rome, and beyond to Northern Italy. This influences also monasteries in Germany.
Most visibly, the "Filioque" creed loses usage in Italy (although often spoken with and without it at the same place).
1026
Constantine receives and accepts an ambassador from Constantinople and on receiving Constantinople's ambassador, Emperor Constantine I sends his own there, too.
Theodora of France gives birth to a son, Otto-Robert
Rome and Constantinople work out and install clear administrative assignments in their previously (de-facto) co-dominate, Southern Italy and Sicily. Constantinople gets sole control over the better regions on the Maine.
1027
Richard I, the Good, king of the Franks, dies. He is succeeded by his son Richard II, the Monk, who dies from illness not long after. Richard's other son Robert the Magnificent becomes King Robert III.
1028
King Robert's second son, William, is born, though his mother is not Queen Theodora, but Robert's mistress Lady Constance of Rheims
1030
Kiev makes a good figure in skirmishes with the Pechenegs
Mas'ud I of Ghazni [FONT="]seized the throne of the Ghaznavid Empire[/FONT][FONT="] .[/FONT]
1031
Constantine, Emperor of Rome, as he calls himself now (though no one else in existence recognizes this), meets his grandfather, Emperor Constantine VIII and his uncle Romanos, the co-emperor.
Sultan Mas'ud I of Ghazni conquers the Khrawerzm Region.
1032
Sultan [FONT="]Mas'ud I of Ghazni conquers Azerbaijan[/FONT]
[FONT="]Sultan Mas'ud I of Ghazni’s son Prince Ali is appoint General Governor of India and became Crown Prince of Ghaznavid Empire.His title is ‘Malik’.[/FONT]
1033
A newly arranged alliance between Kiev and the Volga Bulgars presses the Pechenegs hard. Cherson becomes autonomous
Emperor Constantine VIII dies, at a remarkable age (~70-75 years) His son and co-Emperor Romanos III. rises to the throne. He begins governing alone roughly in the style of his father, in particularly continuing the priority shift from the Balkans to oversea regions, especially Italy. The naval reconstruction goes on.
Sultan [FONT="]Mas'ud I of Ghazni conquers Transoxania[/FONT]
1034
Romanus III marries Catherine, a Bulgar princess. She soon gives birth to his only child, Michael.
1036
The Zirids of Tunis begin raiding Sicily
1037
Romanus III, aided by his generals Georgios Maniakes and Isaakios Komnenus, invades North Africa to break the Zirids. However, the Zirids call upon their overlords, the Fatimid Caliphate, for aid.
1038
Romanus III dies from malaria while within sight of Tunis. Georgios Maniakes makes peace with the Caliphate and returns to Constantinople, where he declares himself co-emperor alongside Michael IV. He marries Empress Catherine to cement his position.
1040
The Pecheneg weakness is also utilized by the Alans (from North-East Caucasus), which expand to the North and secure important crossroads to Central Asia.
Isaakios Komnenus declares himself emperor in opposition to Georgios I, though not Michael IV. He bases himself in Syracuse.