Ahmed ‘Urabi was an Egyptian nationalist and colonel who served in the army of the Khedive. Of fellah origins, he was one of the first Arabs to be included in the Khedivate's administration; positions of which were usually reserved for members of the Turco-Circassian elite. Egypt at the time had come under heavy influence by Europeans, facilitated by the Khedive. Tensions eventually boiled over as 'Urabi refused to leave Cairo and in turn demanded the dismissal of Turco-Circassian officers and the creation of an elected government. Britain and France quickly put an end to attempted reforms, which led to open revolt.
Assuming a scenario in which European powers and the Ottoman Sultan have little to no influence, what would have an Egypt led by Ahmed ‘Urabi looked like? Would he have eventually abolished the monarchy and establish a republic?
The Ottoman-descended upper class under the Khedivate quickly became westernized as they were sent to be educated in French schools, something which intensely alienated them from the majority of the population. The class of elected politicians under ‘Urabi's government may have instead had an anti-European sentiment and looked to Japan instead of France as a model to emulate. Would they go down the same path as the Ottoman-era elite, or espouse anti-Western traditionalism instead?