Maybe it made things worse, but Obama said this at least in part because he'd been losing the voters he was talking about to Clinton in the 2008 primaries. That suggests he already had a problem with them, and obviously the Party as a whole has had a serious problem with winning working-class whites since 2000. I think a lot of it is simply unavoidable, as the South really started abandoning them in the 90's and 00's, and Obama was always going to have an uphill battle to bring them back for obvious reasons.
As for bank policy, that seems like another issue entirely. Obama would need to ditch Geithner for another economic adviser, but the thing is, the popular political consensus in 2009 was that whatever role the banks had had in getting us into the crisis, we'd still need their expertise to get out of it. Unless Obama tapped someone like Krugman or Stieglitz to lead the Treasury Department, I'm not sure how tough we could reasonably expect his Administration to be. And Krugman supported Hillary in the primaries, so I really don't see that ever happening.