Norse Antipodes

I am using the term "Norse" as to refer to all North Germanics(Danes, Faroes, Icelanders, Norwegians, Swedes). By "Antipodes" i am refering to Australia and New Zealand. Edit: one of these groups is considered Norse by itself. You don't need to have migrants from all these areas/groups. But you can.

Which Norse power is most likely to colonise the Antipodes? When would the colonisation likely begin?

How "Norse" would the demographics of the Antipodes in such a ATL be like? How large a percentage would be of Norse descent, indiginous descent or other descent?

What kind os societies would develop in the Norse Antipodes?

OTL there was a high emigration from Scandinavia(and especially Norway) to North America, where many settled in the mid-west(especially North Dakota and Minnesota). How would the Scandinavian emigration to USA be affected by this pod?
 
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A Denmark-Norway, Sweden-Norway, or PanScan country seem most likely to be able to project enough power following the European discovery of the Antipodes in order to gain some of it as colonies.
 
Given your definition of Norse, I think the most likely scenario for the kind of colonization you seem to be asking for is a united Scandinavia. While Denmark and Sweden both had far-ranging colonial projects IOTL, neither alone really had the numbers or the power to build the sort of overseas empire a European power would need to develop to eventually create colonies in the Antipodes. Even then, I think the consensus whenever a united Scandinavia scenario gets discussed on these boards is that such an entity could be a great power, but would be unlikely to have hegemonic power the way Britain did IOTL.

Given the butterflies spreading from whatever historical event sees a united and colonialist Scandinavia unleashed upon the world, I think it's hard to say what the colony would look like. Perhaps we could see settler colonies, with free Scandinavian and other settlers (perhaps settlement is opened to all Lutherans?) given land, leading to inevitable conflict with the indigenous peoples, and probably war and genocide.

Perhaps *Scandinavia could create penal colonies in Antipodes. *Scandinavia would probably have closer colonies with established ways of making money in this scenario, so free settlers may not be willing to go all the way to the other end of the world when their are opportunities in the Americas, Siberia, Africa and Asia ITTL. But getting rid of troublesome elements in society could create the impetus to create a colony.

Finally, we could see a resource-extraction colony. While it would be a little difficult to find, Australian sandalwood, New Zealand jade, and gold in both could create colonies based not on importing settlers but on having a small group of people extract the wealth for trade. Relations with the indigenous people will be mixed at best, but we can expect at least some groups of the Aborigines or Maori will work with the Scandinavians to get European goods such as guns and cloth. We may also see workers imported from elsewhere-perhaps coolies from India or China or even slaves from Africa and Madagascar sent in to do the hard work of mining or harvesting sandalwood.
 
You'd at least need to prevent the intense Danish-Swedish rivalry from forming, unless you go back to Kalmar era changes. They were each their own worse enemy. As long as they have such a close enemy with conflicting fields of interest, they are spending their resources in preparation to overcome the other rather than more far flung colonial projects like the Antipodes would be.

Denmark-Norway would be the more likely to go on colonial ventures, despite Sweden being the Great Power at one point. They're simply better orientated, and the greater naval power. You'd probably need Norway to become viewed as more than just a Danish territory. Western Norway has all the wood and geography that encourages a naval power and western orientation, but it never had the population or political importance to be of import to Denmark. Maybe a change in that the Orkneys and Shetland are never lost to Scotland. Keeping them would force Denmark to look at Scotland with suspicion, thus making them look west and to their blue water navy.

However the best chance for a colonial Scandinavia would be if the Kalmar Union never ended or if Denmark and Sweden were able to make peace between them somehow. Without Swedish support for the Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp, Denmark has a lot less issues at home to worry about. Without a hostile Denmark to its west, Sweden would have a better chance to build up Finland, Estonia, and Livonia. Both are better off. They don't have as many domestic issues or outside threats to prevent them from focusing on colonial ventures.

As for how the colonization would occur. I think New Zealand is a good position for whaling stations. If Denmark-Norway reclaimed Greenland earlier and started building up whaling ventures, they could expand over time. You could see Norwegian whalers being established to round out the financial ventures of any colonies in Asia, but really these areas are just too out of the way to be established unless there were other colonies in the southwest Asia region. Settler colonies in less densely populated/developed regions like Australia and New Zealand could be used as 'safe ports' against uncertain colonies in India, Indonesia, etc.
 
Would be interesting to see something resembling "Albion's seed" describing Scandinavian setter colonialism. This would basically have small groups from Scandinavia migrate to an area, in this area this group would be the majority and create a society in their own image. These societies could be extreme in different ways compared to the homeland where these people originally came from.
https://www.amazon.com/Albions-Seed-British-Folkways-cultural/dp/0195069056
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/32081.Albion_s_Seed
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albion's_Seed
http://slatestarcodex.com/2016/04/27/book-review-albions-seed/
 
Honestly we have no idea of how such a colony with a early POD would look, if we go forward to a time where we get a idea of how it would look the 18th century, Denmark-Norway would be the colonizer. The most likely colonization POD are the Danes setting up a colony in Perth instead of making their second attempt on the Nicobar, which gives Denmark around 25years to extend their presence on the continent. From there we can look at the Danish colonial empire to get a guess how it would develop. I think interesting enough Danish Ghana and the colonising attempt on the Nicobars would give us the best idea of how such a colony would develop. Likely we will see the Danes start with criminals, later we will the Danes trying to control the inland native tribes, to gain control over the hinterland, we will likely see Moravians set up missions to convert the natives. I expect the Danish state being better than the British in how it treat the natives, but on the other hand we will likely also see a active destruction of Aboriginal culture. We will likely see the import of slaves from Ghana and later indentured servants from Bengali and Tamil Nadu. If Denmark have succeed in extending its control over the continent before the British colonization, we likely see the entire continent under Danish control, the British may occupy it under the Napoleonic Wars, but it may have a large enough population that it's not worth it. The British won't annex it, as it's simply seen as worthless desert by UK. After Denmark lose Norway Danish Australia becomes the crown jewel of the Danish "empire" it mostly get a tickle of European immigrants until the 1840 ties, where it see massive influx of Norwegian, Swedes and north Germans, the Finns who was less welcomed in USA, because of racial science bullshit will likely favour Danish Australia too.
 
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