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Supposed the Islamic conquest never takes place or on a much smaller scale and Africa gets spared all or most of the Arab slave trade which is estimated to have enslaved between 10 and 20 million people in Africa between 650 and 1900 - how does the continent fare?
Would it be strong enough to repel European incursions?
And what about the Atlantic slave trade? OTL 90% of all slaves were bought by Europeans from local African rulers who had been enslaving people to sell them to the Arab slavers.
How much more difficult would the aquisition of slaves had been without a slave economy allready in place?