If that is true, then why was pagan Rome more advanced than any European civilization that followed until the Enlightenment?If we compare them to European, they were not so technology advanced. Because people do not try to find out how every thing that a god is supposed to make was really made. For example, why explain lightning by electricity when Zeus.
P.S. About evidence in the early Bible that Judaism had polytheistic roots before switching to one God is that His name, Adonai mean "my lords", not "my lord".
For that matter, are you saying that the Chinese were not technologically far ahead of the West from the at least the 7th to the 17th centuries, arguably even right up until 1750? What areas was mid Imperial China behind the contemporary West?
Or the Inka, who, despite being inferior in some areas such as metallurgy and mechanics, were way better off than any state in contemporary Europe in sanitation, civil engineering, medicine and quality of life?
What about India? When Europe was in the Dark Ages and the Middle East was divided between Christian Axum and Byzantium and Zoroastrian Persia, India was in the Golden Age of the Guptas.
Anyway, as to the original question, a world without any significant monotheism (monotheism is found around the world in pockets, even the Pre-Columbian Cherokee were monotheistic, for example) probably would mean a world dominated by some fusion culture of Rome, India and China.
Without the Christian destruction of Roman or Ancient Egyptian learning or the Islamic slave trade, Invasion of India or its isolation of Ethiopia, the world would probably develop faster.
I say this because the Romans would be able to act bring the knowledge of older civilizations together and build on it, the Egyptians had a strong grasp of empiricism and the basis for the scientific method, India had its tradition of philosophical pluralism and China, as in OTL, would have its tradition of valuing education and study. In contrast to Buddhism, Confucianism and, from what I understand, Hinduism and Roman Religion, Christianity and Islam make faith of paramount importance and tend to play down good works by making them secondary in importance to, or effectively completely neglected, as in the case of much Protestantism, faith.