During the Times of Majapahit, the only areas in Saludong that had some writing, wherein they used Baybayin after the use of Kawi became obsolete was the area of Macabebe and the area of Kumintang which is not under the Majapahitans.
During between the time the Empire of Majapahit fell in 1520's and the Kingdom of Saludong was established the towns of Faru, Makabebe, Tondo(an area siezed by Bruneians) and Bigan and their surrounding areas would gradually adopt Islam en masse but on the last part of 16th century they became majority muslim causing them to adopt Jawi as their writing Script completely in the last part of the 16th century.
The people of Makabebe who adopted Islam would abandon Baybayin in place of Jawi, while the pagans would retain Baybayin, the Muslims would totally adopt Jawi as their writing system, however, the Kingdom of Saludong would not have a writing system that they would all use in the early 17th century, however the nobles in the capital would speak both the language of the capital and Kawi language.
The people of Kumintang which is under loose Bruneian suzerainty and the areas under the Soliman Dynasty under Bruneian Suzerainty would retain the use of Baybayin, but the muslim ministers would use the Jawi alphabet.
During Rajah Humabon's reign in Sugbu, the region had since become an important trading center where agricultural products were bartered. From Japan, perfume and glass utensils were usually traded for native goods. Ivory products, leather, precious and semi-precious stones and Shakara (sugar) mostly came from India traders and Burmese people traders. The harbors of Sugbu became known colloquially as sinibuayng hingpit , shortened to sibu or sibo ("to trade"). It was also during Humabon's reign that Lapu-Lapu was granted by Humabon the region of Mandawili (now Mandaue), including the island known as Opong or Opon (later known as Mactan).
On the 1610's The Bruneians would try to control the Muslims in the Sultanate of Mandawe and Maktan in Sugbu in order to gain more control of their lands as the spreader of islam, in this point the Kingdom of Butuan would remain Hindu and Buddhist but have many muslims, the Sultan of Mandawe would see the Bruneians as imperialist forces forcing him to ally with the Sultanate of Maguindanao and Rajahnate of Sugbu who would fight the Bruneians, the Bruneian forces would be ejected from the Sultanate of Mandawe and Maktan.
The Sugbuanons would generally remain of Buddhist religion and would have good relations with the Butuanons, however since the Dynasty of Sugbuanons and the Maguindanao Sultanate have royal marriages already, the Sugbuanons would tolerate the muslims more causing the Muslims in their population to increase.
The Mandawe-Maktan Sultanate founded by Lapu Lapu would be like a bridge between the Maguindanao Sultanate and the Sugbuanon Rajahnate, Rajah Tupas' grand daughter would marry Sultan Kudarat on Rajah Tupas' lifetime.
Emperor Taichang XVIII
The Wanli Emperor died on 18 August 1620 and was succeeded by Zhu Changluo on 28 August 1620. Upon his coronation, Zhu Changluo adopted the era name "Taichang" (literally "grand prosperity") for his reign, hence he is known as the Taichang Emperor. The first few days of his reign started promisingly enough as recorded in the Ming histories. Two million taels of silver was entailed as a gift to the troops guarding the border, important bureaucratic posts left vacant during the Wanli Emperor's long periods of administrative inactivity were finally starting to be filled, and many of the deeply unpopular extraordinary taxes and duties imposed by the Wanli Emperor were also revoked at this time.
Taichang Emperor, after his coronation would dream that his empire would be invaded by barbarians from the North caused by the inflation that would be caused by the silver and gold from the Japanese and Europeans, the Inflation caused by the Europeans and the Japanese have been a long concern for the Chinese.
Shogun Iemitsu have been encouraging the Japanese Pirates in their piracy since the begining of his term as the Shogun.
Emperor Taichang would issue the edict isolating Ming Empire from the Japanese and the Europeans.
On 1622, Emperor Taichang would sign an Edict, which would be influenced by his own opinions against the Japanese Wukou and the European Traders who have been trying to spread catholicism since 1590 and their inflation effects and changes on the Ming Economy and also due to the urging of his own advisors who are against the spread of Christianity.
According to the Edict
"The Han Chinese were to be kept within China's own boundaries. Strict rules were set to prevent them from leaving the country. Anyone caught trying to leave the country, or anyone who managed to leave and then returned from abroad, was to be executed. Europeans and Japanese who entered China illegally would face the death penalty too.
Christianity is strictly forbidden. Those found practicing the Christian faith were subject to investigation, and anyone associated with Catholicism would be punished. To encourage the search for those who still followed Christianity, rewards were given to those who were willing to turn them in. Prevention of missionary activity was also stressed by the edict; no missionary was allowed to enter, and if apprehended by the government, he would face imprisonment.
Trade restrictions and strict limitations on goods were set to limit the ports open to trade, and the merchants who would be allowed to engage in trade. Relations with the Portuguese and Spanish were cut off entirely. Trade was also conducted with Japan through the vassal kingdom of the Ryukyus, with Korea via their enclave in Nanjing and the border cities of Joseon and Ming Empire and for the Javanese and Malays trade via their enclaves in Nanjing."
The Japanese Wukou under the urging of Iemitsu would try to force trading rules on the country of Saludong on 1623 to Balagtas I due to the fact that the trade of Malayan countries to China passes to Saludong, the Kingdom of Saludong would be battered on the north by the Japanese Wukou by stealing the goods from Java and Malay Archipelago which are for China and harassing the Malaccan merchants, but this was stopped due Balagtas I ordering the one year closure of the ports of Saludong from the Japanese.
Can't resist, Chinese Sakoku and Aggressive Japan would happen on this TL..
Matthias was born in the Austrian capital of Vienna to Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria of Spain.
Matthias married Archduchess Anna of Austria, daughter of his uncle Archduke Ferdinand II of Austria, whose successor in Further Austria Matthias became in 1595. Their marriage did not produce surviving children.
In 1578, Matthias was invited to the Netherlands by the States-General of the rebellious provinces, who offered him the position of Governor-General. Matthias accepted the appointment, although the position was not recognized by his uncle, Philip II of Spain, the hereditary ruler of the provinces. He set down the rules for religious peace within most of the United Provinces. His work is noted in Article 13 of the 1579 Union of Utrecht, which established freedom of religion as a locally determined issue. Matthias continued as titular governor for the rebels until they deposed Philip II and declared full independence in 1581, at which point he returned home to Austria.
In 1593 he was appointed governor of Austria by his brother, Emperor Rudolf II. He formed a close association there with the Bishop of Vienna, Melchior Klesl, who later became his chief adviser. In 1605 Matthias forced the ailing emperor to allow him to deal with the Hungarian Protestant rebels. The result was the Peace of Vienna of 1606, which guaranteed religious freedom in Hungary and guaranteed the right of Transylvanians to elect their own independent princes in the future. In the same year Matthias was recognized as head of the House of Habsburg and as the future Holy Roman Emperor, as a result of Rudolf's illness. Allying himself with the estates of Hungary, Austria, and Moravia, Matthias forced his brother to yield rule of these lands to him in 1608; Rudolf later ceded Bohemia in 1611. Matthias's army then held Rudolf prisoner in his castle in Prague, until 1611, when Rudolf was forced to cede the crown of Bohemia to his brother.
On 1612, Rudolf would marry Jeanne of France, daughter of Isabella Clara Eugenia, a bride who is widely sought as a bride to other countries including the English King, she gave birth to two children, Frederick b. 1613 and Anna b. 1615.
After Matthias's accession as Holy Roman Emperor, his policy was dominated by Klesl, who hoped to bring about a compromise between Catholic and Protestant states within the Holy Roman Empire in order to strengthen it. Matthias had already been forced to grant religious concessions to Protestants in Austria and Moravia, as well as in Hungary, when he had allied with them against Rudolf. Matthias imprisoned Georg Keglević who was the Commander-in-chief, General, Vice-Ban of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia and since 1602 Baron in Transylvania, but soon left him free again. At that time the Principality of Transylvania was a fully autonomous, but only semi-independent state under the nominal suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, where it was the time of the Sultanate of Women.
Matthias's conciliatory policies were opposed by the more intransigent Catholic Habsburgs, particularly Matthias's brother Archduke Maximilian, who hoped to secure the succession for the inflexible Catholic Archduke Ferdinand (later Emperor Ferdinand II). The start of the Bohemian Protestant revolt in 1618 provoked Maximilian to imprison Klesl and revise his policies. Matthias, old and ailing, was unable to prevent a takeover by Maximilian's faction, Frederick the son of Rudolf is chosen as the successor of Rudolf as King of Bohemia by the Bohemian nobility, which meant a regency council by a catholic queen after the death of Matthias.
The Spanish colony of Formosa would wither slightly due to the loss of the Chinese trade due to the flow of New world metals being hampered by the edicts of Emperor Taichang, which means the Kingdom of Middag would be able to survive and thrive and split from the Spanish, however the Spanish colony of Formosa would recover shortly due to the Spanish trade with Japan.
Since the christian converts in Japan are not culturally accepted by the people of Japan, , many of the converts would go to the Formosa colony, since the Christian missions in Japan are not accepted in the Homeland and also because the Daimyos in Japan are generally against foreign religions, many would opt to Migrate, majority of the converts are from Kyushu creating areas in Formosa that are christians, the Japanese-Spanish/Portuguese trade would prosper for a long time however due to the Daimyos's harsh laws the Christian religion would hardly enter Japan and the relations would be primarily based on trade due to the toughness of the Japanese Daimyos.
By 1630, the natives of Formosa under Spanish rule would have been converted to Christianity completely in the Catholic religion completely abandoning their marriage taboos, the tribes that would benefit the christianization by the Spanish would be the Atayal and the Siraya who would increase in population gradually.
After the eruption of Mt Pinatubo Ragam Bolkiah razed and attacked the Majapahit Province and defeated its Vassal Kingdoms of Kaboloan and Sapa and siezed the city of Tondo and established Kota Saludong and also settled tagalogs in parts of the Northern Manila bay in the environs of Tondo and Meykawayan displacing many of its original inhabitants inland and west to Makabebe and Hagunoy after the destruction of Majapahit and the start islamicization of Java, the refugees from Java would also migrate to Saludong in the Kingdoms of Sapa and Kaboloan which have fused into one.
Sultan Bolkiah's victory over Majapahit in the north by defeating the vassals of Majapahit and the Majapahit forces there and as well as his marriage to Laila Mecanai, the daughter of Sulu Sultan Amir Ul-Ombra, widened Brunei's influence in the North East.
The people of Saludong would resent the gradual resettlement of the areas taken by Ragam Bolkiah by the Borneans and their vassals in Saludong with the people from Kumintang, the border that Saludong claims which were the the parts of Saludong is in the Tondo area and East of Lake Pulilan in the land of Saludong, however the Kingdom of Saludong Kingdom would not have the strenghth to reclaim the lands annexed from them by the Bruneians, as the Kumintangs gradually become the majority in the lands the stronger the hate of the Saludongese against the Bruneians.
On 1620, the official capital of the Kingdom of Saludong have been determined as in Kandaba near Makabebe and the alternate capital is Lagawe, during the reign of King Balagtas I he would build structures first of its kind in Saludong which is related in governing the whole island of Saludong.
During his time of Balagtas I the worship of Apo Laki, a local form of Shiva and Surya and Tara/Tala would flourish more in Saludong, however Islam would be tolerated and is the religion that is spreading on the cities in the bays and the cities in Saludong but in the inland area the Hindu religion would remain strong.
Balthasar Charles The only surviving son of King Philip IV of Spain and his first wife, Margaret Stuart. He was baptized on November 4, 1629 in the Parish of St. Juan, Madrid. His godparents were Infanta Maria Anna and Infante Charles, aunt and uncle of the newborn; Inés de Zúñiga y Velasco, Countess of Olivares (wife of the Count-Duke of Olivares) sat on a crystal throne during his baptism, which was said to be the most precious jewel she had seen.
The Countess of Olivares, who was also chief lady-in-waiting to the Queen, worked as a governess to the prince, which gave rise to comments about the control that the Count-Duke of Olivares had on the heir.
On 7 March 1632, he was sworn in before the nobility of Castile as "His Majesty's Heir" and "Prince of these kingdoms of Castile and Leon, and others that are subject to these Crowns, united and incorporated", in a ceremony held at the Monastery of San Jerónimo el Real of Madrid.
His father soon began diplomatic efforts to seek a bride: Archduchess Mariana of Austria, daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III and his paternal aunt, Maria Anna, and therefore his cousin, being chosen. Another cousin, the daughter of his mother's sister, Henrietta Maria and her husband, King Charles I of England, Mary, Princess Royal, was also proposed as a potential bride - but was turned down on grounds of religion.
After the Catalan revolt of 1640, Philip IV tried to win over Aragon to raise money and men for the new war front. One of the steps taken towards this end was to bring the Prince Balthasar Charles to be sworn as crown prince of the Kingdom of Aragón. The oath was held on 20 August 1645, when the prince was sixteen years old, in the Cathedral of the Savior, Zaragoza. This titled him as Prince of Gerona, Governor General of Aragon, Duke of Montblanc, Count of Cervera and Lord of the City of Balaguer. Meanwhile, on 13 November of that year, Balthasar Charles was also sworn as heir to the Kingdom of Valencia.
In April 1646, Philip IV, wanting his son to be sworn in as heir apparent to the throne of Navarre, as he had been in Aragon the previous year, moved with him from Madrid to Pamplona, where, after recognizing the privileges of the kingdom of Navarre, the ceremony was solemnly celebrated on 3 May 1646.
After the ceremony, the royal family moved to Zaragoza. On October 5, the eve of second anniversary of the death of Queen Elisabeth, Philip IV and Balthasar Charles attended Vespers that night in her memory. That evening, the prince was ill and the next day, Saturday October 6, he had to stay in bed while the king went to the funeral. The disease, smallpox, spread rapidly, and on Tuesday, October 9, at eight in the morning, the Archbishop of Saragossa gave him the Last Sacraments. It is said that the Host was exhibited until three o'clock, when it became a general procession to the Convent of Jesus, which then proceeded to Our Lady of Cogullada and brought in procession to the altar of La Seo where it was surrounded by candles and prayers. At nine pm that same day, October 9, Prince Balthasar Charles died. His remains were kept in Zaragoza until the night of October 16, when they were transferred to the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial.
The king fell into a deep unease as noted in a letter his spiritual advisor, Sister Maria de Agreda: "The prayers did not lift the spirits of our Lord for the health of my son enjoying his glory. Not agreeing owed him or us otherwise. I'm in the state that you can judge, for I have lost a child I had, so that you you saw him, I really encouraged him much in the midst of all my cares [...] have offered to God this blow, which I confess I have pierced the heart and in this state do not know if dream or truth is what happens for me. "
Catherine of Palatinate and Henry, Prince of Wales were married on 1613 and also Elizabeth Stuart is married to Frederick of Palatinate, the marriage of Henry, Prince of Wales and Catherine of Palatinate soon became a love match.
Catherine of Palatinate and Henry Prince of Wales would have two surviving children; namely James, Duke of Cornwall b. 1616 and Mary Stuart b. 1620, on 1621, Catherine of Palatinate would die and on 1625, Henry IX would seek a new wife and the twelve year old infanta who is his niece, Margaret of Spain, the eldest surviving daughter of Margaret Stuart and Philip IV would be married to Henry IX providing him of further sons and daughters, Pope Paul VI would approve and dispensate the marriage because he seen it as a way for England and Scotland to unite to the pope but it was so wrong because the marriage was also seen as scandalous to others.
Infanta Margaret made the condition that as long as her children are not the heirs to the Scottish and English thrones they are to be raised Catholic; Infanta Margaret would bore more children for Henry IX; namely Prince Louis b. 1630, Prince Charles b. 1632 and Princess Margaret b. 1635, none of the children turned out in bad shape even if the pair was Uncle-Niece and since the children were raised as Catholics they would not be heirs to the Scottish and English thrones but rather James, Prince of Wales, a marriage between Infanta Margaret and James Prince of Wales have been deemed impossible due to Infanta Margaret's religion, however the children of Infanta Margaret would inherit the Spanish throne in the future.
A merger of Irraya, Gaddang, Karaklan, Bukid and the Ancient Tondo language, the linguafranca of the Kingdom of Saludong, influenced by Javanese and Malay, the pagan nobles use the Javanese script and Kawi while the muslims use Jawi, its speakers are called as Irraya.
Faru(OTL Ibanag)
It is the language of Faru and other towns in the Metropolis of Faru like Lallo, spoken by Muslims, heavily influenced by Malay, uses Jawi as its script.
Samtoy(OTL Ilocano)
Spoken by muslims and hindus on the Northeast of Luzon in Bigan and in the Limsheng kingdom, muslims use Jawi.
Makabebe(OTL Kapampangan)
Language of Macabebe, heavily influenced by Malay and Javanese, uses Jawi as its script, spoken by muslims primarily, pagan minority uses Baybayin also known as kulitan.
Kumintang
Expanded North due to the actions of Nakhoda Ragam Bolkiah, uses Baybayin, but religious clerics and nobles use Jawi.
Cebuano
The language of the Rajahnate of Sugbu and the Sultanate of Mandawe-Maktan, spoken by both Buddhists and Muslims
Ilonggo/Hiligaynon
The linguafranca of the Confederation of Madya-as, spoken by both Muslims and Pagans
Maranao
a secondary minor language in Maguindanao, spoken by muslims.
Maguindanao
Maguindanao and other Mindanaoan Languages
Maguindanao is the linguafranca of Maguindanao and other languages of Maguindanao are influenced by them, spoken by muslims.
Tausug and other Mindanaoan Languages
Tausug is the linguafranca of the Sultanate of Sulu and other languages of Sulu are influenced by it, spoken by muslims.
The Spanish conquest of Petén was the last stage of the conquest of Guatemala, a prolonged conflict during the Spanish colonisation of the Americas. A wide lowland plain covered with dense rainforest, Petén contains a central drainage basin with a series of lakes and areas of savannah. It is crossed by several ranges of low karstic hills and rises to the south as it nears the Guatemalan Highlands. The conquest of Petén, a region now incorporated into the modern republic of Guatemala, climaxed in 1697 with the capture of Nojpetén, the island capital of the Itza kingdom, by Martín de Ursúa y Arizmendi. With the defeat of the Itza, the last independent and unconquered native kingdom in the Americas fell to European colonisers.
Sizeable Maya populations existed in Petén before the conquest, particularly around the central lakes and along the rivers. Petén was divided into different Maya polities engaged in a complex web of alliances and enmities. The most important groups around the central lakes were the Itza, the Yalain and the Kowoj. Other groups with territories in Petén included the Kejache, the Acala, the Lakandon Ch'ol, the Xocmo, the Chinamita, the Icaiche and the Manche Ch'ol.
Petén was first penetrated by Hernán Cortés with a sizeable expedition that crossed the territory from north to south in 1525. In the first half of the 16th century, Spain established neighbouring colonies in Yucatán to the north and Guatemala to the south. Spanish missionaries laid the groundwork for the extension of colonial administration in the extreme south of Petén from 1596 onwards, but no further Spanish entry of central Petén took place until 1618 and 1619 when missionaries arrived at the Itza capital, having travelled from the Spanish town of Mérida in Yucatán.
In 1622 a military expedition set out from Yucatán led by Captain Francisco de Mirones and accompanied by Franciscan friar Diego Delgado; this expedition was a disaster, and the Spanish were massacred by the Itza. In 1628 the Manche Ch'ol of the south were placed under the administration of the colonial governor of Verapaz within the Captaincy General of Guatemala. The Manche Ch'ol successfully rebelled against Spanish control in 1633, completely expelling the Spanish from Guatemala.
MAP OF THE ALTERNATE PHILIPPINES OF THE NO MAGELLAN TIMELINE SHADED ON THE OTL PROVINCES
The dark blue are the OTL provinces where the border between the Kingdoms of Saludong and Kumintang are located.
I have not yet decided the fate of Bicol and Mindoro in this TL..
The Edict of Nantes , signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV of France, granted the Calvinist Protestants of France (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in the nation, which was still considered essentially Catholic at the time. In the edict, Henry aimed primarily to promote civil unity. The edict separated civil from religious unity, treated some Protestants for the first time as more than mere schismatics and heretics, and opened a path for secularism and tolerance. In offering general freedom of conscience to individuals, the edict offered many specific concessions to the Protestants, such as amnesty and the reinstatement of their civil rights, including the right to work in any field or for the state and to bring grievances directly to the king. It marked the end of the religious wars that had afflicted France during the second half of the 16th century.
The Edict of St. Germain, promulgated 36 years before by Catherine de Médici, had granted limited tolerance to Huguenots but was overtaken by events, as it was not formally registered until after the Massacre of Vassy on 1 March 1562, which triggered the first of the French Wars of Religion.
The later Edict of Versailles, which revoked the Edict of Nantes in October 1611, was promulgated by Louis XIII, the son of Henry IV which is pushed by his mother,Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia. It drove an exodus of Protestants and increased the hostility of Protestant nations bordering France.
The people of Saludong want to regain their lost land in South of Saludong, they claim a border in the Pulilan lake and the City of Tondo is theirs and for that they hate both the Bruneians and Kumintang people, the chinese are another people that they hate.
The people of Saludong speak the Saludongese/Sapa languages, known as Northern Philippine languages in OTL, their linguafranca is Sapa language or Selurongese, Islam only has spread in the areas of manila bay and the coastal regions and the inland regions are pagan.
Linsheng
A vassal of Saludong/Sapa, founded by Limahong.
Kumintang
Has the cities of Meycauayan, Tondo and its environs and parts of the lands in the Pulilan lake that Saludong Claims.
Splintered from the Bruneian Empire, islam is their official religion and its richest ports are in the Pansipit Channel, Taal and Manila bay.
Bikol
Yet to consolidate, another part of the old Majapahit Saludong along with Saludong/Sapa.
Madya-as
Brave pirates, known for their piracy in the Chinese seas, hates china.
Sugbu Rajahnate
Resists the Tausugs, married into the Maguindanao Sultanate, its royalty is related to the Maguindanao and the Sri Vijayan Royalty, ruled by the Tupas dynasty.
Butuan Rajahnate
A Rajahnate between the Sugbu and Maguindnao Sultanate, both Maguindanao and Sugbu covets its land and want a dynastic union.
Lanao
The Sultanates of Lanao in Mindanao were founded in the 16th century through the influence of Shariff Kabungsuan, who was enthroned as first Sultan of Maguindanao in 1520.
Maguindanao Sultanate
The Sultanate of Maguindanao (Maguindanaoan: Kasultanan sa Magindanaw;) was a Sultanate state that ruled parts of the island of Mindanao, especially in modern-day Maguindanao province and Davao City. Its known historical influence stretches from the peninsula of Zamboanga to the bay of Sarangani. At its peak, the sultanate covered the entire island of Mindanao, and ruled over the smaller neighboring islands near and around Mindanao.
On 1620 the Bruneian Empire is in its height and the Eastern Part of the Malay Archipelago is dominated by the Bruneian Empire, which started with Nakhoda Ragam annexing both the area of Tondo from Majapahit and forcing Sulu into vassalage, the strong Bruneian Empire would be the hub of islam in the Eastern part of the Malay Archipelago.
The Bruneian Empire is a strong force in the Archipelago that it is able to keep Sulu in vassalage since the later part of 15th century and it is basically sending the missionaries to the Visayas and Kumintang, however the missionaries in Java and Sumatra are the ones preferred in the North since the ally of the Saludong Kingdom is Mataram.
The territory the Brunei would hold is from Meykawayan and Katangalan down to the Southern Lowland of Borneo and all of Sulu Sea but not Visayas and Mindanao.
The Majapahit Empire would be completely lost and the original countries involved with it particularly both Mataram and Saludong which are both originally parts of Majapahit, the original parts of Majapahit are still in alliance but are waiting for another match against the Bruneians, while the Kingdom of Sunda is basically a vassal of the Spanish in the Island of Java.
