Suppose that Koxinga dies in 1660 instead of 1662. What would happen with Taiwan under continued Dutch rule?
Well, initially, probably not much. It's a far outpost of the Dutch, with no significant rule over the whole island, just enough to claim control over most/all of it.
Later, it could develop like Ceylon (i.e. nothing happens until the 19th century, at which point the Brits took over), or like the East Indies (nothing mch happens until the 19th century, at which point the Dutch start seriously ruling the place).
Neither seems likely to affect world history overly much. Taiwan, however, will have a lot more Dutch influence remaining.