As others have alluded, you can't have a very meaningful discussion until you decide what happened instead of the Trail of Tears. Relocation to Florida, US Army protection, anarchy and chaos? It seems implausible for the US Army to be used to protect Indians from white would-be settlers, at least under Jackson.
Let's assume the Army sits on its hands; Jackson won't use them to enforce the Court ruling, but they also won't be used in blatant disregard of it. The Indians will fight a rearguard, evicting, harassing and occasionally killing white squatters, but the numbers are simply not in their favor. Over the 1830s they will be forced out of their land by the mob. However, they now have an ironclad court case against the states, and possibly the Federal government; they have lost their land, their gold, and possibly their slaves to Southerners in violation of the Neutrality Act (the tack I would take, but there are probably alternatives). The amount of cash they can get is staggering, and the federal government is likely to stipulate that the settlement be paid entirely from tariffs and excises on southern crop exports.
These tensions probably bring the ACW up several years early. In the end, though, you have an ethnic and religious minority in the south that has every reason to cooperate with the Union, and enough money and literacy to be significant players in the local economy. I wouldn't be surprised if the late 19th century Cherokee wind up referred to as "Georgia Jews", and the situation of Jews in western Europe seems an instructive model to me.
Let's assume the Army sits on its hands; Jackson won't use them to enforce the Court ruling, but they also won't be used in blatant disregard of it. The Indians will fight a rearguard, evicting, harassing and occasionally killing white squatters, but the numbers are simply not in their favor. Over the 1830s they will be forced out of their land by the mob. However, they now have an ironclad court case against the states, and possibly the Federal government; they have lost their land, their gold, and possibly their slaves to Southerners in violation of the Neutrality Act (the tack I would take, but there are probably alternatives). The amount of cash they can get is staggering, and the federal government is likely to stipulate that the settlement be paid entirely from tariffs and excises on southern crop exports.
These tensions probably bring the ACW up several years early. In the end, though, you have an ethnic and religious minority in the south that has every reason to cooperate with the Union, and enough money and literacy to be significant players in the local economy. I wouldn't be surprised if the late 19th century Cherokee wind up referred to as "Georgia Jews", and the situation of Jews in western Europe seems an instructive model to me.