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King José I of Portugal left four daughters behind when he died in 1777. The eldest of these (Maria I, b. 1734) succeeded him as Queen of Portugal. One of D. Maria's first acts as queen was to dismiss José's right-hand (and left-hand (and sometimes his brain)) the Marquis of Pombal. However, Queen Mariana Vittoria (yes, la Reine-Infante, fiancée of Louis XV) bore him a son (in February 1739) who unfortunately died in infancy/or at birth.
If that son had survived, would Portugal have developed along more enlightened lines? Or simply gone the OTL route of decline it followed in the second half of the 18th century/