No Apollo 1 Fire

Let's say that there is no Apollo 1 fire on 27 January 1967. So, Grissom, white and Chaffee fly their scheduled mission in February that same year.

Given that:

1) What is the earliest that NASA can fly a full-on moon landing mission? Without the delays caused by the fire in OTL, could this happened in the same time frame as Apollo 8 did in OTL?

2) How probably is it to have Grissom work through the crew rotation to be the commander of that first landing mission? (I've read that Deke Slayton intended to have Grissom in this role, but don't how hard and fast that intent might have been against any other factors in play at the time)
 
Not having a pure oxygen environment in the capsule would have prevented the fire from spreading so quickly. Perhaps NASA or North American conduct a fire test on an Apollo capsule and see how devastating a fire in pure oxygen can be therefore they are more rigorous in removing flammable materials and take a much firmer line on quality control.
 
Even assuming a best case scenario where nothing goes wrong the Saturn V and especially the LM aren't going to be available much sooner than OTL. You'll get two or three manned orbital missions, all very similar to Apollo 7 flown in 1967, but whenever the Block II module actually becomes available you'll still need to have an orbital test. Remember that the only real reason Apollo 8 didn't carry an LM was that the vehicle just wasn't ready yet. The early flights on Block I probably don't really amount to a whole lot, and I rather suspect that if successful no more than two would be flown. Such a TL might be able to push Apollo 8 a few months earlier but other pieces are going to hold up the landing as OTL.

There could be some butterflies around Apollo Applications and Skylab of having flown the Block I I guess, though not many of them are positive. More Saturn IB's will have been expended, more funds spent and more time spent in LEO. If anything this would end up reducing the time spent on Skylab.

All in all, I don't see avoiding Apollo I changing much if there isn't another accident, and overall it's seems a lot more likely that if not Grissom, White and Chaffee something will happen to someone else. Just about any other likely accident scenario I can imagine is likely to cause more of a delay in fact. Just the failure coming later will throw the program into disarray, but if it happens to a block II capsule, or on a rushed LM flight I don't see much hope of recovering to any schedule that lands in 69. IMO the only way to land sooner than OTL with a recognizable Apollo program is to make the LM program go quicker and smoother, which frankly borders on ASB given what they were doing.

PS: As far as Grissom making the first landing I think it really is pretty likely. Slayton aside the whole program pretty clearly wanted to land one of the original seven, and Grissom was always the obvious choice. Depending on time lines and crew rotation he might have ended up on the second landing, but really he was arguable the most experienced commander available (I tend to think that;s not really fair to the guys who flew twice on Gemini and as such had more practical experience, but so it goes), and there would be a lot to be said for that on ATL's Apollo 11 which was even more so than the other landings nothing more than an engineering test. Certainly he would have got one of the landings barring something happening to ground him.
 
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I have to second Bureaucromancer on this. If you're interested in spaceflight, it might be worth your time to read Tom Kelly's Moon Lander, his personal account of working on the project team for the LM. In addition to being an interesting account of what working on a project like Apollo that was technically complex and incredibly demanding is like (something which I found interesting as someone who hopes to perhaps one day be in a similar boat), it also is very frank both in areas where Grumman succeeded and where the team (and Kelly personally) failed in keeping to timelines, schedules, weight goals, why those occured, and how they worked to resolve it. Even if a company other than Grumman is selected for the LM, I doubt that the spacecraft could be ready much sooner due to the late start (several years after the CSM!) and the technical challenges involved in the design and manufacturing. You'd see perhaps more LEO flights, but the pace of the program couldn't really be all that different due to the long poles of Saturn V and LM.
 
With no Apollo 1 disaster, Apollo 13 could well be fatal.

Following the Apollo 1 tragedy, investigation, and subsequent redesign of the Apollo Block II CSM, it became a far more reliable and durable machine than it otherwise would have been. This may very well have proven critical for Lovell, Haise, and Swigert. On account of the equipment being able to last long enough on the crippled CSM alongside the still-healthy LEM to bring them home alive.

Without Apollo 1. I wouldn't even lay down £0.01 for their chances.
 
Wasn't it said before that the Apollo 1 capsule wasn't even the finalized design they were going to go with anyway, so the safety failures of that wouldn't be in the Apollo capsules anyway?

Anyway, Gus Grissom becomes the first man on the moon at least.
 
Don't you run a serious risk of oxygen toxicity if 100% oxygen at 1 bar? And, if the fire doesn't happen on the ground, it might do so on the way to the moon.
 
If Apollo 1 doesn't go down to fire Apollo 2 or 3 will, it's just too much of an accident-waiting-to-happen to be safe in the long term.
 
If Apollo 1 doesn't go down to fire Apollo 2 or 3 will, it's just too much of an accident-waiting-to-happen to be safe in the long term.
Yes, and it could have occured during a moon landing. That would have looked really good for the USA.

The facts are that Apollo programm was both a technological triumph and a series of highly dangerous missions. There was the potential of more people getting killed than happened historically. Between the lawyers and the elf-and-safety culture that pervades the West you certainly could not use the same technology today.
 
If the Apollo 1 had work well, history had went like this

February 21, 1967 Apollo 1 Block I is launch for 14 day mission
Grissom, White, Chaffee
the flight plan is like OTL apollo 7 flight
Like testing the SPS engine of Apollo craft
the exhausted crew lands save in Pacific
in Post flight Briefing Grissom demands for more quality control and modification on Block II

December 1967 Apollo 2 Block I is launch for 14 day and more mission
Schirra, Eisele, Cunningham
after arrival in orbit Apollo 2 rendezvous with the S-IVB stage
and simulate the LM docking with close approach to S-IVB
Apollo 2 is first scientific mission with 15 experiments (8 scientific 7 medical)
next to Hatch is a small scientific Airlock for experiment
and the in SM SIM-bay had experiments installed
a centrifuge with a frog "Otolith" (recover by EVA ?)

but the flight was problematic
Schirra, Eisele, Cunningham complaint about austere work-plan for experiments
and Crew demanded for more rest,
the M-012 experiment a collapsible exercise bicycle caused for trouble
as the crew try to install and used it inside the narrow capsule
also report the Crew, strange noise from CM bundled with electrical problems, during RCS and SPS ignition
the mission was terminate on day 14 and a very exhausted crew landed save
in Post flight Briefing, Schirra declares his resignation from NASA
as technician investigate the Apollo 2 CM on the problem, they find a tool left behind a electrical panel !

NASA takes NAA to responsibility and start more quality control on Block II
and change the work-plan for mission to give the crew time to rest
lucky Apollo 2 was last manned fight for Block I

Source on Apollo 1 & 2 Mission
Apollo: the Lost and forgotten Missions
by David J. Shayler
 
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