Interwar to 1920 by country:
Belgium:
After the Treaty of Philadelphia Belgium remained occupied by German troops. King Albert I returned to the country, but his government was forced to sign a treaty with Germany essentially turning it into a protectorate. The Germans did allow Belgium generous funding to turn it into a model teutonic country, and by 1920 it had become one of the most prosperous, if reluctantly so, states in Europe.
China:
China’s actual performance in the First World War was dubious, but at the peace conference it decisively routed the Allies, repealing most of the unequal treaties. Yuan Shikai was regarded as a national hero, and in 1916 he proclaimed himself Emperor of the Wěidà Dynasty. This was fiercely opposed by the liberal Kuomindang, but having been defeated in a revolt in early 1911 that political organization could do little but plot...
German Empire:
Germany set about consolidating its recent gains. Conquests in africa were organized into Deutsch Äquatorialafrika and Deutsche Kongo. Katanga and Buganda became protectorates of Germany. In 1915, the United Baltic Duchy was established, led by Prince Erik of Sweden. The U.B.D became a member state of the Reich, but retained certain autonomies. The region beyond Poland and Lithuania, not part of either, remained an unorganized occupation zone. In 1915 it became the Reichsgebiet Podlachien. Following the Ten Day’s War (see Russia) the area was integrated into Lithuania.
After the war, the Reich was still controlled by a military directory that had held power throughout the war. It stepped down, but Hindenburg was still elected as Chancellor in 1917. Liberal parties became more prominent in Germany after the war as well. Part of this was spillover from a socialist tide in France, but it also reflected the situation of the world, and how it didn’t always conform to the Teutonic way.
Russia:
In 1915, the competing Russian governments began to organize themselves more thoroughly. On April 8 1915, the Duma ratified the April Constitution. This established Milyukov as President, with a term of six years starting on the date of ratification. He appointed Prince Georgy Lvov as Prime Minister. Guchkov’s Emergency Committee created a republican government largely along American lines.
As 1915 continued, things began to deteriorate for Guchkov. His forces almost captured Novgorod in March, but from then on Milyukov’s armies had the upper hand. On April 11 1916, Milyukov won the battle of Kaluga. Events progressed very quickly from then on. On April 13, Brusilov announced his loyalty to the apparent victors, and on April 14 Ukraine declared independence. Guchkov decamped to Crimea, where the Emergency Committee maintained its policies and laws, despite being essentially a government-in-exile.
The Trans-Volga Military Authority, curiously, continued to exist, though Lenin had been captured and executed in 1915 and the Bolshevik movement largely died with him. The Russian Republic was weak and did not have the political influence to overcome Brusilov, a national hero. For his part, the old general seemed perfectly loyal to the Duma, although many Russians joked about the “Guchkov agent in our midst”.
Nikolai II had fled the country in late 1915, and did not attempt to stop Milyukov proclaiming the formal overthrow of the monarchy on May 23. The Tsar was graciously welcomed by Regent Kljembovsky. The Far Eastern Regency, a government welded onto a military high command, did not officially have a head of state. However, Germany continued to recognize the F.E.R. as the legitimate government of Russia, and Nikolai as its leader. The US considered the Emergency Community under Guchkov (succeeded by Boris Sturmer in 1919) The Russian Republic led by Milyukov was recognized by the the former Entente, who expected him to obey the terms drawn up at Odense and Philadelphia. In 1920, however, Milyukov, decided to seize Podlachia. The resulting conflict, known alternately as the Russo-German War, the Podlesia Incident, or the Ten Days’ War, was really just a border conflict between the Reichsgebiet Podlachien and Russia. It resulted in an embarrassing defeat for Russia.
During the civil war, many entities had split off from Russia. The Union of Turkestan, the People’s Republic of Siberia, the Ciscaucasian Republic, and the Semirechye Host all declared independence during the civil war, alongside the aforementioned Ukraine.
South America:
In 1916 Colombia and Ecuador signed a peace treaty resolving their long border dispute. This treaty angered Peru, which claimed the area through through which the border ran along with half of Ecuador. In 1918 Ecuador and Colombia declared war Peru, and by 1920 it was clear that they had the upper hand.
Other Events:
1915 - Ireland declared unilateral independence from the United Kingdom as the Irish Republic. Pancho Villa establishes a government in Mexico City.
1916 - The US buys the Danish West Indies.
1917 - The US occupies Cuba.
1918 - Second Sepoy Rebellion begins.
1919 - British forces achieve victory in the second sepoy rebellion, but the Raj is badly shaken, and in the chaos Afghanistan seizes Quetta and Nepal declares independence. The League of Nations convinces Britain and nationalist political parties in India to sign an agreement giving India its own Parliament.
World Map 1920: