Zionism per se is a product of Nationalism and so the Enlightenment. But a Jewish state need not be rooted in such.
There is a long tradition of Jews moving to the Holy Land throughout the Diaspora, though never in very large numbers. We could try to encourage that, though the problem is that the easiest way to do it would be a Messiah-figure, which...presents other issues.
And the historical example of the Sephardim is illustrative: when kicked out of their ancestral homes, the Jews of Spain and Portugal fled to the Ottoman Empire and found succor...really, all over the place, but not in Israel, which was a backwater at the time.
Someone (the Ottomans, probably) could try and encourage or force their Jews to move to Israel, but the Ottomans' tradition of religious pluralism and their handling of Christians makes this rather out of character, and even if they try to implement something like this, a pre-19th century state has less ability to move large masses of people around, even if it's willing to kill most of them along the way.
So, definitely not impossible, but hard.