To have something like the Triangle Trade with Africa, a European power needs both access to West African markets (trading posts) and land in the New World to export slaves to with demand for their labor. Said powers who controlled enough New World territory that did or could have utilized plantation slavery in the late 17th Century were England, Portugal, and Spain; and the third, Spain, had long been in the habit of utilizing native labor forces, and so had far less demand for African slavery, while French Caribbean territory was too little to sustain the kind of demand the slave trade amounted to OTL.