A summary of the lore from 1904 to present day: The Ottomans lose all Balkan possessions, with the exception of Istanbul and a bit of the surrounding area. However, the Ottomans retain territory in OTL Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, and Palestine. Due to pressure from its French and German allies, the regime changes to a democracy. The Ottoman Empire becomes the Turkish Federation. After the war ends, the economy is in a prosperous state globally. However, by the early 1910's a modest recession took hold. Many newly formed Eastern European countries and Germany resorted to more illiberal governments. Germany's chancellor became chancellor for life. The Baltics, Poland, and Germany formed a defensive and economic agreement. The rise of more nationalistic governments was a response to temporary economic troubles and the threat of communism, quickly becoming ever more mainstream in neighboring Austria-Hungary. France on the other hand continued to build a relationship with the UK. The alliance between Republican France and Germany was gone. In the early 1920's Austria Hungary socialist movements and nationalist movements started to flare up. The Austria-Hungary Civil War began in 1924 with the revolt of the Croatians and Bosnians. The various socialist movements seized the opportunity and revolted. Five main results occurred: Croatian and Bosnian Nationalists, Hungarian Socialists, Czech Socialists, Slovakian Nationalists, and Romanian Nationalists. Little intervention from outside happened and Austria Hungary collapsed. In the aftermath, four states were created: Czech Commune (OTL Czechia), Transleithania (OTL Hungary, Transylvania, Slovakia, Slavonia, and Vojvodina), Austria (OTL Austria and Slovenia), and The Kingdom of Croatians, Bosnians, and Serbs (OTL Croatia - Slavonia and Bosnia Herzegovina).
Jumping back in time to discuss a bit of East Asia. Japan modernizes somewhat later, preventing their takeover of Korea. Russia then expands into the region, making Manchuria and Korea puppet states.
Back to Europe, from the late 20's all the way to the late 40's Europe is deeply divided between the democratic governments of Western Europe and the dictatorial-like governments in Central and Eastern Europe. These tensions intensify when Finnish nationalists revolted in 1946. Germany and its allies always supported Finnish nationalism to combat Russia. The tsar quickly accused Germany of starting the revolt and fabricated evidence to back the accusation. This quickly escalates into war. France, UK, Padania, United States, Papal States, Portugal, Russia, Transleithania, Belgium, Greece, and Northwestern Germany were the allies. Germany, Poland, Austria, Latvia, Estonia, Romania, Bulgaria, and Japan were the "Central Powers". Although a very imbalanced war, fighting lasted for six years from 1946 to 1952. As Germany and their alliance collapsed, socialist uprisings sprung up as a result. The allies underestimated the importance of the counterbalance. By the mid 60's countries in the world with some kind of socialism included: Poland, Silesia, Czechia, Transleithania, Estonia, Latvia, Romania, Bulgaria, Algeria, and Portugal. Most of these countries were similar to the Marxist-Leninist ideology with the exception of Silesia and Czechia, which both practiced a form of democratic socialism and neutrality. Decolonization happens mostly in the 60's and 70's, with European possessions in Africa ending completely by the mid to late 80's.
In 1986, Estonia and Latvia declared autonomy from the Poland and Transleithanian centric alliance of socialist nations. This escalated into the Baltic crisis, where Denmark, Sweden, and Turkey blockaded the alliance from operating outside of the Baltic and Black Sea because the alliance violently invaded the two Baltic countries. Within a few months the alliance withdrew troops from Latvia and Estonia. A slow and often bloody process from 1986 to 2009 ended the existence of socialist countries. In 1995, Silesia was reunited with Germany, and in 1998 Czechia transitioned to a less socialist government. All socialist countries transitioned to liberal democracies (or illiberal in some cases) by 2001 except for Transleithania. Transleithania suffered from a civil war between 2002 and 2009 akin to the Yugoslavian Civil War. In the aftermath Slavonia joined Croatia-Bosnia, Vojvodina joined Serbia, Transylvania became an independent country, Slovakia became an independent country, and Hungary assumed its OTL borders including a small chunk of OTL Slovakia.
I'll post some other lore related to New Albion and other parts of the world.
Edit: This lore is largely out of date.