Neue Sonne Uber Europa: Timeline of events in Europe, 1939-1985

[Carolus9718]

Neue Sonne Uber Europa is my personal take on an Axis victory scenario, spanning from 1939 to 1985 and depicting a five-way Cold War between Germany, Italy, Japan, the Soviet Union, and the United States. This first part of the timeline will be covering events in Europe, a relatively peaceful region during the Cold War, albeit only relatively.

World War II

Pictured: German infantry, supported by a Tiger I heavy tank, advancing prior to the Battle of Yaroslavl, June 1943

1939

• September: Germany and Slovakia invade Poland. Britain and France declare war. World War II begins
• October: Poland surrenders to Germany and is partitioned between them and the Soviet Union. While all territory east of the Vistula is annexed to the Soviets, all territory to the west of it is given to the Germans, who organize the territory south of Warsaw into the General Government while the rest is annexed directly
• November: Soviet forces invade Finland, starting the Winter War

1940

• March: Finland surrenders, ending the Winter War. Finnish Karelia and part of the Salla area are ceded to the Soviets
• April: Germany invades Denmark and Norway, the former falling in just six hours
• May: Germany invades the Low Countries. Luxembourg lasts a day, the Netherlands last four, and Belgium lasts 18. To govern the occupied territory, Reichskommissariat Niederlande is established in the Netherlands. By the end of the month, German forces have entered France
• June: Italy declares war on Britain and France. Norway and France are defeated. Reichskommissariat Norwegen is created, Germany annexes Alsace-Lorraine, Italy annexes Provence and Savoy, the territory south of Paris is organized into the French State, led by Phillipe Petain and based in Vichy, and the rest falls under German occupation
• August: The Battle of Britain begins. Later, the Second Vienna Award is held. Northern Transylvania is ceded to Hungary
• September: The Treaty of Craiova is signed. Southern Dobruja is ceded to Bulgaria. Later, the Blitz begins
• October: The Greco-Italian War begins
• November: Hungary and Romania join the Axis

1941:

• February: The Wehrmacht’s desert warfare branch, the Deutsches Afrika Korps, or DAK, is formed under the command of Erwin Rommel
• March: Bulgaria and Yugoslavia join the Axis. However, soon after, a military coup occurs in the latter and they leave the alliance
• April: Germany, Italy, and Hungary launch an invasion of Yugoslavia, which ends in under two weeks. The territory is partitioned between the three countries, as well as Bulgaria and Italy’s Protectorate of Albania. The rest is split into another Italian protectorate, the Protectorate of Montenegro, and two German puppet states, the Independent State of Croatia and Government of National Salvation, the latter in Serbia. Greece surrenders to Germany and Italy. While Bulgaria annexes Western Thrace, the rest becomes an Italian puppet, the Hellenic State
• May: The battleship KMS Bismarck sinks the HMS Hood, starting the Hunt for the Bismarck, an endeavor which would largely be attributed to Britain’s later defeat
• June: Germany invades the Soviet Union, joined by Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, and Finland
• July: Reichskommissariat Ostland is formed
• September: Reichskommissariat Ukraine is formed. Later, the Siege of Leningrad begins
• November: The Battle of Moscow begins
• December: Germany, Italy, Hungary, and Romania declare war on the United States. Later, Britain declares war on Bulgaria

1942

• January: Axis forces take Moscow
• April: The Reichstag meets for the last time to dissolve itself
• June: Reinhard Heydrich is assassinated
• August: The Battle of Stalingrad begins
• November: A Soviet offensive, Operation Uranus, encircles German troops at Stalingrad
• December: Operation Winter Storm, a German offensive in the periphery of Stalingrad, breaks the Soviet encirclement of the city

1943

• February: Stalingrad falls to the Axis
• April: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins
• May: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising ends in failure
• July: The largest tank battle in history, the Battle of Yaroslavl, begins. Later, Reichskommissariat Belgien-Nordfrankreich is formed in preparation for a German invasion of Britain, dubbed Operation Sea Lion
• August: The Battle of Yaroslavl ends in a pyrrhic German victory. Later, Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria is succeeded by Simeon II, then just six years old

1944

• January: Leningrad surrenders to German and Finnish forces
• March: Germany, Italy, and the French State invade Switzerland, which surrenders by the end of the month. The country is partitioned based on the most common language of each canton-German and Romansh-speaking ones go to Germany, French-speaking ones to France, and Italian-speaking ones to Italy
• May: The Irish Republican Army, or IRA, launches a coup in Ireland. Later, they sign the Galway Agreement with Germany, promising to invade Northern Ireland during Operation Sea Lion
• June: With the Royal Air Force weakened and the Royal Navy distracted, Operation Sea Lion begins
• July: Ireland invades Northern Ireland and joins the Axis, a conflict often called the Ulster War. Later, Claus von Stauffenberg, a German general and member of a group of dissidents known as the Kreisau Circle, attempts to assassinate Hitler. However, he is unsuccessful, and he and the rest of the Circle is killed for it
• August: Remaining British forces in Northern Ireland surrender and Britain and Ireland sign the Armistice of Cork. Later, the First Warsaw Uprising begins
• September: After the fall of London, a coup by Oswald Mosley’s British Union of Fascists, or BUF, forces the British government to flee to Canada while Mosley declares himself prime minister. Later, the Armistice of Birmingham is signed
• October: The First Warsaw Uprising ends, also a failure, and Heinrich Himmler, the head of the SS, orders that Warsaw be razed in reprisal
• November: An A4 missile strikes Ufa, becoming the first long-range ballistic missile deployed in combat
• December: The British Home Guard is deactivated

1945

• February: The last A4 missile is launched, striking Perm. Later, a violent demonstration by Communists in Bucharest results in the king of Romania, now Michael I, abdicating a second time in favor of Carol II
• April: A revolt occurs at Buchenwald concentration camp, but is quickly suppressed. Later, five German dissidents, Wilhelm Canaris, Hans Oster, Hans von Dohnanyi, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, and Johann Georg Elser, are executed
• May: The Treaty of Versailles is signed between the members of the Axis, the British government in exile, and the United States. Ireland annexes Northern Ireland and Edward VIII is reinstated as king of Great Britain
• June: Reichskommissariat Moskowien is formed
• July: Reichskommissariat Don-Wolga is formed

1946:

• January: Enver Hoxha founds a Communist partisan group, the People’s Republic of Albania, or RPS, and begins operating in Albania
• February: In the February Protests, a series of peaceful demonstrations occurs across Hungary calling for the official dissolution of the Hungarian monarchy
• March: Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, president of Finland since August 1944, resigns and is succeeded by Juho Kusti Paasikivi. Later, the Greek Civil War begins
• April: The League of Nations convenes one last time in Geneva to dissolve itself
• May: Victor Emmanuel III, citing ill health, abdicates and is replaced by his son, Umberto II
• June: Communists assassinate Ion Antonescu, prime minister and conducator of Romania since 1940. He is succeeded by Constantin Sanatescu
• August: Under Order 339, Soviet forces retreat to more defensible positions along the Astrakhan-Arkhangelsk Line, or A-A Line
• September: The Communist Fatherland Front assassinates the prime minister of Bulgaria, Kimon Georgiev, in a coup, with the front’s leader, Georgi Dimitrov, declaring himself the new prime minister and that Bulgaria was now the People’s Republic of Bulgaria and demanding that the now nine-year-old Tsar abdicate. However, the coup is shut down by the army. Dimo Kazasov, one of the leaders of the Zveno, is appointed prime minister
• October: Hansson dies in office of a heart attack. Later, in accordance with the Tripoli Agreement, France recognizes the independence of French West Africa, now controlled by Free France
• November: Sweden becomes an observer within the United Nations
• December: The member states of the United Nations sever all diplomatic ties with Spain

1947:

• January: The daily newspaper of the NSDAP, the Völkischer Beobachter, is renamed Der Arischer Beobachter
• February: Boleslaw Bierut forms the Polish Committee of National Liberation, or PKWN, a Communist partisan group operating in Poland against the Nazis, Ukrainian Insurgent Army, and Home Army. Later, an A4 missile with plant material and fruit flies aboard is launched into space. The flies become the first living beings in space
• April: Operation Bruchpunkt is launched, resulting in German forces smashing through Soviet lines
• May: Miklos Horthy resigns as regent of Hungary and appoints Zoltan Tildy as his successor
• June: Order 462 is issued, ordering Soviet troops to retreat to the Ural Mountains. This is the most widely accepted date for the end of World War II. Later, The Diary of a Young Girl, also known as The Diary of Anne Frank, is published by Anne’s father, Otto Frank, in Sweden, providing greater exposure to the hardships and horrors of life for Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe. The book is swiftly banned in Germany

The Early Cold War

Pictured: Revolutionaries in Budapest during the Hungarian Revolution, November 1956

1947 (cont.)

• July: With the war with the Soviets now effectively over, Spain requests that the men of Blue Division be sent home. Germany complies and, as a reward for allowing their men to fight, awards them Gibraltar. Later, the first prototype AK-47 assault rifles, the first assault rifles built outside of Germany, are manufactured. Later still, the steamship SS Exodus leaves France for Madagascar, carrying 4,500 French Jews
• August: Northern France south of the Meuse is returned to the French State, which relocates to Paris. Later, Germany introduces bread rations of 200 grams per day in eastern France, sparking the Verdun Bread Riots, which are quickly and brutally suppressed
• November: Four steel workers are arrested in Marseille, sparking the 1947-1948 Steel Riots, riots by French Communists that reach Paris
• December: A general strike begins in France. Also, Carol II abdicates a second time and is succeeded again by Michael I

1948

• January: Hitler announces Germany’s intention to connect its holdings in Europe with the Paneuropäische Reichsautobahn, or PERAB. Later, Italy, citing the destruction of Jerusalem, declares the Pact of Steel null and void
• February: Hitler announces another two German megaprojects set to begin construction soon: Neu Warschau, the reconstruction of Warsaw into a small town meant only for up to 130,000 people, and Nordstern, a new city in northern Norway southwest of Trondheim for 200,000-300,000 inhabitants meant to act as “the German Singapore”
• June: German forces stationed along the Ural Mountains are merged to form the Uralwacht, under the command of Erwin Rommel
• July: The 1948 Summer Olympics open in London, but are boycotted by the nations of the UN
• August: After the signing of the Cluj-Napoca Agreement between Romania, Hungary, and Bulgaria, the Danube Commission is formed

1949

• March: In Operation Hermann, over 92,000 Latvians, Lithuanians, and Estonians and deported to the Soviet Union
• April: Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Finland sign the Berlin Mutual Defense Treaty, forming the Europapakt. Later, the IRA is overthrown in Ireland and democracy is restored
• May: The Treaty of London makes the Europapakt an economic alliance in addition to a military one. Spain and Italy respond by forming the Rome-Madrid Axis. Later, Serbia joins the Danube Commission
• June: Neu Warschau is opened to the public, with Ludwig Fischer appointed mayor
• August: Hitler announces the Hundert-Städte-Plan, or Hundred Cities Plan, expanding the PERAB to run through 100 cities across Europe
• September: The Soviet Union tests its first atomic bomb
• October: The Greek Civil War ends with the defeat of the Communists

1950

• January: Nordstern is opened, with Erich Raeder as mayor
• February: The Force for the Suppression of Partisan Activity in the Eastern Territories, or TUPO, is formed
• May: The Cazin Rebellion occurs in Croatia, but is quickly suppressed
• August: The Brussels Royalist Riots begin. Later, France introduces a state mandated minimum wage
• September: Suspecting that Communist influence has spread into Germany from France, Hitler orders the Second Night of the Long Knives, purging government and military officials from across western Germany
• October: King Gustaf V of Sweden is succeeded by Gustaf VI Adolf

1951

• April: Germany, France, and Italy sign the Treaty of Paris, forming the European Coal and Steel Community, or EGKS
• July: The Brussels Royalist Riots end

1952

• February: “Defender Against the Lies of the Ottawa Government” is added to Edward VIII’s style following the coronation of Elizabeth II in Canada, who uses the same style as George VI, aside from minor differences
• March: von Ribbentrop is assassinated by a French Communist during a visit to Verdun. He is replaced by Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk
• June: The Volga-Don Canal opens, connecting the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea. Later, a pair of German Me-262 fighter jets shoots down a Swedish Air Force C-47 Skytrain. When a PBY-5 Catalina is sent to investigate, it, too, is shot down
• August: In what becomes known as the Night of the Murdered Poets, 13 ethnic Russian poets are executed in Reichskommissariat Moskowien
• September: The European Parliamentary Assembly, or EPV, replaces the EGKS
• December: The Great Smog of London kills an estimated 4,000-10,000 people, which is blamed on 2,000 Jews, Communists, and Romanis, who are killed, to save face

1953

• January: The North Sea Flood of 1953 kills 1,836 people in southwestern Reichskommissariat Niederlande and 307 in Britain
• February: The EGKS forms a common market for coal in western Europe
• March: Josef Stalin, premier of the Soviet Union since 1924, dies of a stroke and is succeeded by Georgy Zhukov
• May: The Plzen Uprising begins
• June: The Plzen Uprising is suppressed. Later, the Prussian Workers Uprising occurs, but is also suppressed
• August: The Soviet Union announces that it has acquired a hydrogen bomb. Later, a massive strike of over four million workers occurs in France in protest of austerity measures, but it peters out after almost two weeks
• November: “The Match of the Century” sees England’s soccer team defeated on their home soil for the first time, losing to Hungary 6-3. Mosley petitions Hitler to have the members of the team assassinated to save face
• December: The Soviet Union announces that Lavrentiy Beria has been executed. Later, in Operation Burchard, the members of Hungary’s soccer team that had played in the Match of the Century are killed by agents of the Abwehr, staged as murders by criminals. Hitler later considers it his greatest regret and a waste of resources

1954

• January: Milovan Dilas, a leading member of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, is killed
• February: Reichsgau Krim is transferred from Reichskommissariat Don-Wolga to Reichskommissariat Ukraine
• March: The state of war between Finland and the Soviet Union officially ends. Later, in Romania, 13 prominent Zionist leaders are deported to Germany
• April: To date, April 11, 1954 is considered the most boring day in history. No important people die or are born and no major events occur
• June: The world’s first atomic power station opens in Cottbus, Germany
• July: Food rationing in Britain ends

1955

• January: Germany and the Soviet Union announce a formal end to the state of war between them
• February: The last conflict along the German-Soviet border, the Battle of Kordon, is fought, with both sides later claiming victory
• May: The Soviet Union is granted observer status within the Soviet Union
• July: The Geneva Summit is held between Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union, Japan, and the United States in hopes of de-escalating the Cold War, but ends inconclusively
• September: U-916 becomes the first submarine to launch a ballistic missile. Later, Britain officially annexes Rockfall
• October: In the Kriegsmarine’s worst naval disaster to date, the battleship KMS Koester (formerly HMS Queen Elizabeth) explodes while in its moorings in Theodorichshafen, killing 608
• December: Portugal joins the United Nations, becoming the alliances first European full member

1956

• January: Porkkala, occupied by Germany since World War II, is returned to Finland. Later, the 1956 Winter Olympics begin in Cortina d’Ampezzo
• February: In the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Zhukov attacks Stalin’s cult of personality
• May: Violet Gibson, an Irish woman who attempted to assassinate Mussolini in 1926, dies. The day of her death, May 2, becomes a national holiday in Italy, known as Survival Day
• June: The opening events of the 1956 Summer Olympics are held in Stockholm. Later, German troops fire into a crowd protesting high food prices in Posen, killing 53
• October: The Hungarian Revolution begins, the goal being to overthrow the pro-German government. The Wehrmacht intervenes after three days
• November: In Operation Panzerfaust, German troops occupy Hungary, installing a puppet regime, the Government of National Unity, led by Ferenc Szalasi and his Arrow Cross Party, or NYKP, and ending the Hungarian Revolution in failure

1957

• February: Andrei Gromyko becomes the Soviet minister of foreign affairs
• April: Conscription in Germany ends
• September: The exiled king Haakon VII of Norway dies. Rather than being succeeded by his son, Olav, the Norwegian monarchy is abolished, the Norwegian government in exile proclaiming its official name to now be the Republic of Norway
• November: Germany’s first satellite, Adler, is launched, containing Hitler’s 16-year-old German Shepherd, Blondi. Following this, November 3 is declared International Pets’ Day in the member states of the Europapakt

1958

• January: Adler burns up upon its re-entry into Earth’s orbit
• May: A military coup occurs in France, making the French State a stratocracy for the rest of its existence
• June: Imre Nagy and other prominent leaders during the Hungarian Revolution are hanged for treason
• September: The First Cod War begins over disputes between British and Icelandic fishing vessels over cod fishing rights in the North Atlantic

1959

• January: The first post-World War II census in the Soviet Union is conducted. Later, Pope John XXIII announces that the Second Vatican Council will convene in Rome
• May: Import tariffs in Britain are lifted
• July: The first practical hovercraft, the Saunders-Roe SR.N1, crosses the English Channel from Calais to Dover in just over two hours
• November: The M1 motorway opens in Britain, beginning decades of mass expansion to Britain’s motorways
• December: Ante Pavelic, Poglavnik of Croatia since the Independent State’s inception in 1941, dies and is succeeded by Miroslav Navratil

1960

• February: With Germany’s permission, France acquires its first atomic bomb
• May: An American U-2 spy plane is shot down over Allenstein and its pilot, Francis Gary Powers, is captured, known as the U-2 Incident
• June: The Lake Bodom Murders occur. The case remains perhaps the most infamous unsolved homicide case in Finland’s history. Later, the June Demonstrations, a series of demonstrations protesting the PNF’s rule in Italy, are heavily suppressed
• July: A German Me-282 flying over the Barents Sea shoots down an American RB-47 Stratojet reconnaissance plane. Four of its six-man crew are killed, and the other two are interned in Germany
• August: Powers is sentenced to 10 years imprisonment for espionage

The Later Cold War

Pictured: Soviet armored forces on the banks of the Kama River during the Muscovy War, March 1969

1961

• January: A Soviet spy ring operating in Britain since the 1950s, known as the Portland Spy Ring, is uncovered
• March: Black and white “fivers” are declared no longer legal tender in Britain
• April: Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first man in space. Later, a coup in Portugal results in the overthrow of Portuguese prime minister Antonio de Oliveira Salazar, the end of the Estado Novo regime, and the restoration of democracy in Portugal
• May: In Britain, George Blake is sentence to 42 years imprisonment for espionage on the behalf of the Soviet Union
• June: In the Vienna Summit, Hitler, Zhukov, and American president John F. Kennedy meet in Vienna and discuss, among other things, nuclear tests, disarmament, and the three powers’ relationship with Sweden. These talks end indecisively
• July: Ireland becomes an observer in the United Nations
• August: Construction on the Kasche Line, a series of fortifications along the Ural Mountains to prevent any Soviets, military personnel or civilians, from crossing over into Reichskommissariat Moskowien, begins
• October: The Soviet Union detonates the Tsar Bomba, creating the largest man-made explosion in history
• November: Sankt Petersburg is renamed Kuchlerstadt after Georg von Kuchler, a commander of German forces in the Siege of Leningrad during World War II

1962

• January: Hindenburg (formerly Klaipeda), Ludendorff (formerly Poltava), and Hoffmann (formerly Kharkov) are renamed Modelburg, Bockstadt, and Reichenaustadt respectively
• February: Powers is exchanged for German spy Rudolf Abel. Later, Urho Kekkonen is re-elected president of Finland
• March: France shortens the term for compulsory military service from 26 months to 18
• May: The BUF is renamed the Union Party, or UP
• July: After a crowd assaults a UP rally in London, over 500 are arrested
• October: After German nuclear submarines are spotted in the Arctic Sea within striking distance of the United States and Canada, the Arctic Missile Crisis begins. It ends after both Germany and the United States agree to withdraw their submarines from the Arctic
• November: Following the accidental uncensored publication of an article in the Arischer Beobachter criticizing the current state of the Wehrmacht, claiming that it is unfit to ward off a potential Soviet or American invasion, Franz Josef Strauss is dismissed as chief of the OKW
• December: Monaco transitions into a constitutional monarchy

1963

• January: Gheorghe Pintille is uncovered as a Soviet spy in Romania and sentenced to life imprisonment
• March: Six people are sentenced to death for plotting to assassinate Joseph Darnand, chief of the French State since the May Coup
• April: John XXIII releases his final encyclical, also the final encyclical not addressed solely to Roman Catholics but to “all men of good will”
• May: A smallpox outbreak begins in Stockholm
• June: The Berlin-Washington Hotline is established
• July: The Stockholm smallpox outbreak ends
• September: The second period of the Second Vatican Council opens
• November: Germany and France covertly sign the Vichy Agreement, permitting France to acquire more nuclear weapons
• December: The second period of the Second Vatican Council closes

1964

• January: Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I meet in Rome, the first meeting between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches since the 15th Century
• March: The Greek government-in-exile declares itself to be a republic following the death of King Paul
• September: The third period of the Second Vatican Council opens
• October: Italy detonates its first nuclear weapon
• November: After the third period of the Second Vatican Council closes, the Dogmatic Constitution of the Church, Lumen gentium, is promulgated

1965

• January: Following the death of Winston Churchill, he is extradited to Britain to be buried at St. Martin’s Church
• March: Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov becomes the first person to walk in space
• June: A mining accident in Kakanj kills 128
• October: Paul VI promulgates Nostra aetate, declaring that Jews are not collectively responsible for the death of Christ. In retaliation, Germany declares the Reichskonkordat null and void
• November: Planning for Operation Turmasov, an eventual Soviet invasion of Reichskommissariat Moskowien following the death of Hitler, begins in secret. Mikhail Kazakov is appointed overall commander of Soviet forces for the operation
• December: The Second Vatican Council closes

1966

• January: The January Riots occur in Hungary protesting high food prices. They are suppressed by the 25th SS-Panzergrenadier Division “Hunyadi”
• March: Protests by Dutch monarchists occur in Reichskommissariat Niederlande after news arrives that Crown Princess Beatrix, in exile in Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles, has married Claus von Amsberg, who is German
• April: Gromyko meets with Paul VI in the Vatican, the first meeting between Soviet and Roman Catholic leadership
• May: The Irish Bank Workers’ Strike begins in protest of Ireland’s refusal to become a full member of the United Nations. However, it eventually ends with no changes made
• June: Eamon de Valera is re-elected as president of Ireland
• July: Following the Hamburg Conference, the Europapakt jointly decides that it should not intervene in the Vietnam War
• August: The Spanish government bans British aircraft from entering Spanish airspace
• October: Spain begins restricting travel through the Strait of Gibraltar
• November: Sean Lemass resigns as Taoiseach of Ireland, replaced by Jack Lynch

1967

• January: The Outer Space Treaty is signed by Germany, the Soviet Union, and the United States, banning the deployment of weapons of mass destruction in space
• April: A military coup occurs in Greece. However, since the new regime remains loyal to Italy, it is allowed to remain in power
• June: Italy tests its first hydrogen bomb
• August: During a speech condemning the murder of George Lincoln Rockwell, leader of the American Nazi Party, Hitler collapses from exhaustion and hits his head, falling into a coma. Hermann Goering, Hitler’s legally designated successor, becomes acting Fuhrer
• September: The Second Warsaw Uprising begins
• October: The Second Warsaw Uprising escalates into the Polish Uprising
• November: The Ukrainian War begins
• December: The Ostland Revolution causes Reichskommissariat Ostland to collapse. In its place, the Republics of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia and the Belarusian Democratic Republic are formed. The Polish Uprising is crushed

1968

• January: The Czech Revolution begins
• February: Germany intervenes in the Ukrainian War. Later, the General Government is reformed
• March: Hans Frank, governor-general of the General Government once more, declares that the Home Army has been destroyed
• April: Hitler is pronounced dead. The next day, the Soviet Army attacks the Urals and the Muscovy War begins
• May: The Kiew Corridor is opened, allowing German forces to pass through Ukraine and into Moskowien to fight the Soviets
• June: The Baltic War begins after Germany invades Belarus of Lithuania and declares war on Latvia and Estonia
• August: The Czech Revolution is crushed
• October: The Baltic War ends and Reichskommissariat Ostland is reformed
• November: The Volga German People’s Front, or WDVF, is formed to support the Wehrmacht

1969

• January: The Novosibirsk Peace Conference begins with the goal of ending the Muscovy War
• March: Finland declares war on the Soviet Union
• April: Finland joins the Novosibirsk Peace Conference
• May: The Ukrainian War ends and Reichskommissariat Ukraine is formed
• June: The Treaty of Novosibirsk is signed, ending the Muscovy War. The Soviet Union annexes Reichskommissariat Moskowien’s territory east of the A-A Line and a demilitarized zone is established between the Finnish-Moskowien Border and the Caspian Sea
• July: Franco declares that his legal successor upon his death with be Juan Carlos
• August: Bronislav Kaminski, Burgomeister of the Lokot Republic since it was formed in 1941, goes missing and is never seen again. Subsequently, the Lokot Republic is partitioned between Reichsgaus Brjansk, Orjol, and Kursk

1970

• March: The WDVF and Uralwacht are disbanded
• April: Joseph Goebbels dies, causing his wife, Magda, to commit suicide. On the orders of their only son, Helmut Christian Goebbels, their bodies are cremated and their ashes, scattered in the Biederitz River
• May: The Red Army Faction is formed in Germany. Later, Mussolini dies and is succeeded by Mariano Rumor
• June: The Grand Council of Fascism is dissolved and Rumor declares that Italy’s first true general elections since 1924 will be held in 1972
• September: Paul VI names Saint Teresa of Avila Doctor of the Church, the first woman to hold the title
• October: The Hungarian-Slovak border is closed amidst a cholera outbreak in Slovakia
• December: Divorce is legalized in Italy

1971

• January: Zhukov designates Alexei Kosygin his legal successor
• February: The Seabed Treaty is signed by Germany, the Soviet Union, and the United States, forbidding the deployment of nuclear weapons on the ocean floor
• May: With the flooding of the US dollar threatening the Reichsbank, currency exchanges between Europapakt and UN members is banned
• July: Olafur Johannesson forms the first civilian government in Iceland since 1940
• August: A civilian government is reformed in Greece
• September: Jozsef Mindszenty, a Hungarian cardinal who took refuge in the US Embassy in Budapest following Operation Panzerfaust, is covertly extradited to the United States
• October: The Democratic Unionist Party is founded in Ireland

1972

• February: The IRA, still a political force in Ireland, burns the British embassy in Dublin down, causing Britain to send troops to Ireland. Later, the Volkswagen Beetle officially exceeds the Ford Model T as the most produced car in the world
• April: Over 70 nations, including Italy and the Soviet Union, sign the Biological Weapons Convention, outlawing bioweapons
• May: Arnaldo Forlani is elected prime minister of Italy. Later, the Strategic Arms Limitations Talks I Treaty, or SALT I Treaty, is signed by Italy, the Soviet Union, the United States, and Japan, preventing the four powers from obtaining or maintaining any more missiles than it currently had. While Germany is invited, it declines. Later still, Edward VIII dies without an heir. With Wallis Simpson’s claim to the throne being non-existent, Mosley declares himself regent
• August: The 1972 Summer Olympics begin in Munich, the first summer olympics attended by UN member states held in a Europapakt country since the 1936 Berlin Olympics
• September: During the Summer Olympics, Palestinian terror organization Black September kills six Italian coaches, five Italian athletes, and a German Kripo officer, an event known as the Munich Massacre

1973:

• February: Following a general election in Ireland, Liam Cosgrave becomes the new Taoiseach
• March: A referendum is held in former Northern Ireland on whether the region should stay part of Ireland or return to Britain. 98% vote to stay part of Ireland. An Anglophilic insurgent group, the Ulster Volunteer Force, or UVF, responds by detonating two car bombs in Dublin, killing one and injuring over 200
• April: In response to the Munich Massacre, the German counter-terrorist unit GSG 9 is formed
• June: Zhukov addresses the American people on television, the first Soviet leader to do so
• August: The Norrmalmstorg Robbery occurs, resulting in the coining of the term “Stockholm syndrome”
• September: Following the sudden death of King Gustaf VI Adolf, Carl XVI Gustaf becomes the king of Sweden
• October: The European Oil Crisis begins after newly formed OPEC declares an embargo against the member states of the Europapakt
• November: A second military coup occurs in Greece, this time causing Italy to cut diplomatic ties
• December: The Basque terrorist organization Basque Country and Freedom, or the ETA, assassinates Spanish prime minister Luis Carrero Blanco

1974

• March: The European Oil Crisis ends after the OPEC oil embargo ends
• May: The UVF detonates four car bombs in Dublin and Monaghan, killing 33 and injuring over 300, the most casualties inflicting during the British intervention in Ireland
• June: Zhukov dies and is succeeded by Kosygin
• July: The military regime in Greece is overthrown and democracy is restored once more
• September: The Greek government in exile returns to power in Greece
• November: Elections are held in Greece, with Konstantinos Karamanalis becoming prime minister. Later, the modern flag of Greece is adopted

1975

• June: Greece introduces a new constitution
• August: After U-927 sinks the USS Maddox, the United States declares war on Germany. By the end of the month, the whole Europapakt and UN are at war, starting World War III

World War III

Pictured: A German machine gun team with a captured M20 Super Bazooka and Sd.Kfz.861 (unlicensed M47 Patton copy) near Potsdam, August 1981

1975

• September: Soviet troops invade Moskowien again, bringing them into World War III
• October: Following the death of Franco, Juan Carlos is declared king of Spain and the Kingdom of Spain is reformed. Later, Germany invades Spain, causing Italy to declare war
• December: American and Canadian forces arrive in Spain as German troops near Madrid. The Soviet Army captures Moscow

1976

• January: Italy and Spain join the UN
• February: The 1976 Winter Olympics, scheduled to be held in Innsbruck, are canceled
• March: German troops in Spain are pushed back to the Pyrenees, but from there, fighting grinds down into a stalemate
• April: UN forces arrive in Italy. At this point, the Royal Italian Army has been driven back to the Po River
• June: Soviet troops liberate Kuchlerstadt
• August: Free French troops land in southern France with the aid of the US Navy and Royal Italian Navy
• September: A massive German offensive into Italy, dubbed Fall Alaric, begins on the 1,500-year anniversary of the fall of the Western Roman Empire
• October: SR-71 Blackbird reconnaissance reveals 45 nuclear missile silos in Germany, resulting in the start of Operation Snake Eyes, a CIA operation to disable all of them before a nuclear exchange can occur
• November: Wolgastadt is liberated and, soon after, renamed Konevgrad. Later, Kuchlerstadt’s name is reverted to Leningrad
• December: German forces are halted 25 kilometers north of Rome. Fall Alaric is declared a failure

1977

• January: Three bombs are detonated in Moscow. While no group claims responsibility, the bombings are blamed on three ethnic Germans, who are arrested by the KGB and executed. Later, Spanish far-right extremists kill five members of the Communist Party of Spain and wound four in Atocha
• February: In the first Operation Snake Eyes attack, a nuclear silo near Nordstern is neutralized
• March: The UN launches its invasion of Norway, codenamed Operation Aurora
• April: Italian collaborationists form a German puppet government, the Italian Social Republic, in Salo
• May: Vidkun Quisling, minister president of the Norwegian National Government, is assassinated, Josef Terboven, Reichskommissar of Norwegen, flees to Germany, and German troops in Norway surrender
• July: The Norwegian government in exile returns to Oslo. Later, a series of attacks by the Red Army Faction in Germany, dubbed the German Autumn, begins
• August: Soviet troops liberate Katherinastadt, promptly renamed Krasnodar
• October: After German Communist leaders Andreas Baader, Jan-Carl Raspe, and Gudrun Ensslin commit suicide to avoid capture, the German Autumn ends. Later, Ireland becomes a full UN member after the Irish Army is ordered to attack British troops in Ireland
• November: UN troops in Spain are re-deployed to Ireland to help expel the British
• December: Sporadic reports emerge of fraternization between French and Free French troops, dubbed the Christmas Truce of 1977

1978

• January: A British fleet is spotted steaming towards Ireland. However, it is sunk in the Battle of the Irish Sea
• February: The Crimean Campaign, the first campaign fought on Ukrainian soil, begins
• April: Theodorichshafen, promptly renamed Sevastopol, is liberated and German forces abandon the Crimean Peninsula
• May: In Operation Marat, Free France’s only airborne operation of the war, Free French paratroopers attempt to disrupt German supply lines at Lyons. It fails miserably
• June: The Breton Revolutionary Army, or ARB, bombs the Palace of Versailles, causing the CIA to establish contact with and begin supporting them
• July: Ireland petitions the UN to consider invading Britain
• August: Planning for the UN’s invasion of Britain, codenamed Operation Kingdom Come, begins
• September: Operation Snake Eyes is expanded to include the neutralization of 17 airfields in Britain with nuclear bombers
• November: The Italian Social Republic surrenders
• December: Spain adopts a new constitution. Democracy is formally restored in the nation

1979

• January: Finland attempts to sue for peace with the Soviet Union. Their request is denied, however
• March: The CIA begins providing support to Scottish and Welsh nationalist groups
• April: Operation Kingdom Come begins, with UN troops landing across western Britain. Later, Soviet forces deploy anthrax in Ukraine, violating the Biological Weapons Convention
• June: Soviet forces enter Reichskommissariat Ostland
• July: Helsinki falls to the Soviets, leading to the signing of the Treaty of Lapua. The Finnish-Soviet border is returned to its state in 1940 and Finland falls under Soviet occupation
• August: With the signing of the Cork Agreement, in exchange for amnesty for 42 of its leaders, the IRA agrees to send troops to aid in Operation Kingdom Come
• September: Eight German civilians-Peter Strelzyk, Gunter Wetzel, and their families-travel by hot air balloon to Spain. Days later, they arrive at the Embassy of the United States in Madrid, where they request asylum in the US. This incident quickly becomes known as Die Ballonflucht
• October: The Yakutsk Agreement is signed, promising that the independence of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia will be restored after the war
• November: Reichskommissariats Moskowien and Ukraine finally collapse

1980

• January: Michael I recommends seeking peace with the Soviets, causing the Romanian government to yet again force his abdication. This time, however, he is replaced by his older brother, Carol Lambrino, who becomes Carol III
• April: The largest bombing raid of World War III occurs at Dresden, with 42 B-52 Stratofortress strategic bombers flattening the city, destroying all of its strategic value and killing over 40,000. Subsequently, bombing raids are restricted to no more than 15 bombers a raid
• May: The Kosygin Plan, the Soviet Armed Forces’ plan for how the rest of the war will be conducted, is outlined, with the goal of capturing Berlin by the autumn of 1981
• June: Carol III claims Soviet troops have entered Romania proper and are on their way to Bucharest
• July: Bucharest falls, with Soviet forces finding that Carol III has committed suicide. The conducator of Romania, Horia Sima, subsequently sues for peace with the Soviet Union and the Armistice of Brasov is signed
• August: Britain surrenders and signs the Treaty of Canterbury
• September: Elizabeth II returns to Britain, where she has not set foot since 1944, and the British government in exile returns to power in Britain
• October: Kosygin dies and is replaced by Nikolai Tikhonov
• November: Goering orders that nuclear weapons be fired on all UN member states. Before the order can be carried out, however, a coup is executed by the OKW, resulting in Jurgen Brandt becoming Fuhrer and the order being canceled
• December: Reichskommissariat Ostland capitulates

1981

• February: A coup attempt in Spain by Antonio Tejero fails after it is denounced by Juan Carlos. Later, the UN’s invasion of western Europe, codenamed Operation Overlord, begins
• March: France sues for peace
• April: Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, and Slovakia sue for peace
• June: UN forces being pushing into southern Germany from Italy
• July: Reichskommissariats Niederlande and Belgien-Nordfrankreich capitulate
• August: The UN invades Denmark and northern Germany. By the end of the month, all territory north of the Kiel Canal has fallen
• September: Soviet forces take Berlin, causing Germany to surrender

Post-War Europe

Pictured: Princess Beatrix on the day of her return to the Netherlands, November 1981

1981 (cont.)

• October: Francois Mitterand, leader of Free France since 1970, reforms Free France into the French Fourth Republic
• November: The Dutch government in exile declares the reformation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands as Beatrix becomes the first Dutch royal to set foot in the mainland since 1940
• December: The Paris Peace Conferences begin with the First Paris Peace Conference, which determines that the Polish government in exile will be given authority over the General Government, territories annexed from Poland by Germany in 1939, East Prussia, and eastern Germany up to the Oder-Neisse Line as the new borders of Poland, while the areas annexed by the Belarusian and Ukrainian SSRs in 1939 are retained by the Soviet Union

1982

• January: The Ukrainian SSR is reformed. Later, the 1982 Finnish presidential election is canceled due to the Soviet occupation of the country. Later still, the Second Paris Peace Conference determines that the Yugoslav government-in-exile will be given authority over Serbia in its pre-1914 borders, Slovenia and Bosnia will become independent, and a new government will be formed in Croatia under UN supervision. Additionally, Montenegro will be part of the new Serbian state before a referendum on whether or not the Montenegrin people wish to be independent or remain with Serbia can be conducted
• February: The Third Paris Peace Conference determines that the Soviet occupation of Finland will end upon the signing of a final peace treaty, but Finland will have to adhere to a strict policy of international neutrality
• March: The Fourth Paris Peace Conference determines that France and Belgium will be restored to their pre-1940 borders while a new government is set up under Allied supervision in Luxembourg (the Luxembourg government in exile never made it to Canada during World War II)
• April: The Fifth Paris Peace Conference determines that the UN will supervise the formation of a new Austrian government, the Swiss and Danish governments in exile will regain authority over their old nations with their pre-World War II borders, and the Czechoslovak government in exile will gain authority over the former Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, as well as the Sudetenland, and a referendum will be conducted in Slovakia over whether or not it should remain independent
• May: The Sixth Paris Peace Conference determines that the UN will supervise the formation of new governments in Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey, and Soviet troops will occupy Thrace
• June: The Treaty of Paris is signed. While the decisions of the Paris Peace Conferences also act as terms, the UN also oversees the de-Nazification of Germany and the formation of a new government
• July: The Republics of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia are reformed with the Kaunas Declaration
• August: Soviet troops begin their withdrawal from Finland, resulting in a snap presidential election. Mauno Koivisto is victorious and promises that Finland will remain neutral in European and world affairs until 1992
• September: The Belgian government in exile returns to Belgium proper, declaring the reformation of the Kingdom of Belgium
• October: With the ratification of the October Constitution, the Federal Republic of Germany is formed. Karl Carstens becomes Germany’s first president and Helmut Kohl, the first chancellor since both offices were replaced by that of Fuhrer in 1934. Later, the Polish government in exile returns to Warsaw and forms the Third Polish Republic after implementing its new constitution. Later still, the Polish Underground State is reformed into the Polish National Resistance Party, or PNSO. The Home Army becomes its paramilitary wing
• November: The Yugoslav government in exile arrives in Belgrade, declaring the reformation of the Kingdom of Serbia and immediately beginning the Montenegrin Independence Referendum
• December: The Second Austrian Republic is formed under Rudolf Kirchschlager

1983

• January: The Swiss Confederation is reformed
• February: The Kingdom of Denmark is reformed
• March: The Provisional Government of Bohemia, Moravia, and the Sudetenland is formed and the Slovak Independence Referendum begins
• April: The Republic of Hungary is formed
• May: The Second May Coup results in president Edward Bernard Raczynski being overthrown in favor of Wojciech Jaruzelski. Later, the New Constitutional Committee, or NKK, is formed to write a new constitution for Poland
• June: Operation Platov sees 119,000 Volga Germans deported to Siberia while another 38,000 are extradited to Germany
• July: Inspired by Operation Platov, Operation Sikorski begins in Poland, with the Polish Land Forces and Home Army rounding up and deporting or outright killing ethnic Germans across the country
• August: The Republic of Luxembourg is founded
• September: The Republic of Romania is founded
• October: The Republic of Bulgaria is founded
• November: The Montenegrin Independence Referendum ends. Montenegro declares independence
• December: The Slovak Independence Referendum ends. Bohemia-Moravia-Sudetenland annexes Slovakia and the Third Czechoslovak Republic is formed

1984

• January: Diplomatic relations between the Vatican and the United States, having been terminated in 1867, are restored
• May: The Soviet Union announces its decision to boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics
• June: Operation Sikorski ends, having resulted in the murder or deportation of about 1.2 million ethnic Germans
• July: Liechtenstein becomes the last country in Europe to grant women the right to vote
• August: The NKK finishes Poland’s new constitution and dissolves itself following its ratification. The official name of Poland changes to the Polish National State
• October: The IRA, after just over 60 years of operation, is disbanded

1985

• May: The 40th Victory Day Parade is held in Berlin, which the German government declares will be the last such parade ever
• June: Germany officially abolishes Victory Day
• September: Tikhonov resigns and its replaced by Nikolai Ryzhkov; with Brandt having been assassinated and US president George H.W. Bush having lost the 1984 presidential election to Walter Mondale, this makes Tikhonov the last of the “Big Three Leaders” to leave office
• December: The Soviet occupation of Thrace ends

If you have any questions, feel free to ask. The next timeline will be of events in Africa from 1939 to 1985. Farewell!