Not so much a Meiji-style crash modernization as keeping up with Europe, but I think that if Dara Shikoh had beaten Aurengzeb and the other brothers in the War of Succession and preserved the religious tolerance that had been a Mughal characteristic since Akbar instead of bleeding the army and treasury dry on war and rebellion in the Deccan, they could certainly have kept abreast of European ideas and had quite a few of their own.
Wow, long sentence, sorry. Incidentally, the four brothers were about as religiously different as possible, Dara was a syncretist in an almost Sikh-like way, Aurengzeb was very much the orthodox Sunni, Shuja was a Shia and Murad was irreligious. Likely made for some awkward family gatherings, even before Aurengzeb led Murad and Shuja against Dara, their father's favorite and almost certain heir.