John Calvin's Geneva is the great granddaddy of every totalitarian state, down to the meticulous regulation of everyday people's lives so they would not dare waste their time. The medieval Catholic Church at least had plenty of religious festivals. Calvinist Geneva, on the other hand, reads like a clockpunk 1984.
But surely a major sign of a totalitarian state is the extent of conformity? If Calvin's Geneva (or Cromwell's England and so on) had been a totalitarian state presumerably the consistory wouldn't have had to keep reprimanding people for dancing, drunkeness, adultery and so on and so forth? They should have been able to control the situation to the point where it didn't happen at all.
To answer the question you need to decide what makes a totalitarian state. I think what makes a totalitarian state is the social situation where everyone is viewed, rightly or wrongly, as a political animal but they are compelled to all adopt the politics of those in power and it is impossible to do otherwise by threat or actuality of force. Thus everyone is expected not only to be ambivolent to the regime in power but actively in favour.
Prior to the French Revolution and the rise of nationalism and such ideas in the following century most people in the world are not political. The majority accept the overlordship of whoever is their government with an agreement not to rebel but in exchange great demands are not really placed upon them. Ofcourse this varies from region to region and age to age. I would say for example that the Reformation made Europeans religious and from there political, upon that issue atleast, but religion is arguably only one aspect of political life and after the 30 years war was once which wasn't pushed that much for another two hundred plus years.
So Sparta might be an option, but only if you focused upon the citizens. I suspect that most ancient and even most pre-modern states appear fairly totalitarian if you remove the politically inactive population. The idea after all that you can have political opposition to the current government which is still loyal to the society in question seems something it is relatively rare and novel to liberal societies.