Chapter 1: An old beginning ~ Or how Agus and Toño got into a Pissing Contest
  • Very well, as many of you already know, there was a day in which I did an alternate timeline about the Mexican Empire. This one was going to run from October 1822, when the POD forced Agustín I to keep on his travel to Veracruz to confront Santa Anna (and make him eat his own “bluff”) instead of returning to Mexico City to celebrate the birth of one of the princes, and unintentionally causing the end of the First Empire. I promised that the timeline would actually run from that day until the modern day…

    And I failed you all, after my laptop suffered a HDD failure, and my inspiration failed me to give me a chapter. And it’s been almost a year ever since I last posted on that other thread.

    In this 2nd try, what I am going to do, aside of restarting the whole timeline and correcting some continuity errors, I am going to put in a few more surprises. With some more research done, and a few corrections, I'm proud to say that this version might be even better than the original. It will still go as far as modern day Mexico, and I will try to cover as much of this world as possible.

    So, here comes the first chapter. Still using the same deadpan dark comedy style that made the previous timeline so loved by its audience.



    Mexicanos, ¡Valientes Seguid!
    A timeline by Vault Boy.

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    1st flag of the Mexican Empire

    Chapter 1:
    An old beginning ~ Or how Agus and Toño got into a Pissing Contest

    Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna was, back in the day, one of Mexico’s most beloved and well-known generals, according to his fellow military commanders. He was popular with his men, wealthy, kept many friends and political connections, and above all, had sired many children and a lot of bastards too.

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    Pictured above, Santa Anna.

    It is of no surprise that he was also vying for power. Power was the only thing in his mind. For such ends, he wished to legally gain access to the Imperial throne by marrying off to His Majesty’s sexagenarian sister [1]. However, this proposal was obviously vetoed by the Emperor, who promptly sent him off to his home state, Veracruz, in a failed effort to get rid of him. Santa Anna had also another problem: He had absolutely no foresight at all, going into all sorts of crazy schemes to get himself more glory, power, and wealth, if what he already had was not enough. This extended also to illegitimate children, which most of them, ironically, have been forgotten by history. And for the purpose of obtaining more wealth at the expense of his own men and to try to make the Emperor look incompetent by making himself look like a prime leader for Mexico, he had come to think on a plan that would land him even more of the three mentioned above: Take San Juan de Ulúa, the last Spaniard stronghold in Continental Mexico. To do so, in paper he was going to stage a naval invasion of the island fortification, but instead of that, he was going to use these reinforcements to attack Mexico City.

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    And here... we have Agustín I

    On Mexico City, we had Agustín I. Born from Spaniard parents, and an all-round Mexican; he was what in modern terms would be considered a “Scoundrel”, if we have to put it in the language of those Yankee barbarians and for the benefit of the forumgoers on this place. He’s someone who is a complete opportunist, even if it means screwing everyone for personal benefit, but not by blindly going into any opportunity, but by knowing which opportunities he had to take, and when to do so. Or like us Mexicans would say, “colmilludo”[2]. He was also surrounded by either yes-men or enemies. The latter, for better or worse, were the most numerous of the lot: Due to the fact he was staunchly against the republican ideals held by the liberals, he had no concept of letting go off his newly found power, provided to him by the same congress that hates his guts for reasons yet to be considered coherent, and beloved by the people of Mexico City, the rural elites and the indigenous population of the Mexican highlands.

    It's worth mentioning that he did sympathize with the ideals of equality and freedom, but unfortunately these social issues had to take a back seat, since there were many problems that were upon the country, like a ruined economy and a demographical disaster that a 11 year civil war would be; so right now trying to secure the country and finding a way to contain the economic issues were the most sensible route instead of going into republican pipe dreams that the opposition wanted. Freedom for all social classes was given, however, as slavery had been illegal since the early days of the Independence War, and even the most anti-Imperial factions preferred it to be this way, lest they ended as human piñatas.

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    The Imperial Court

    Santa Anna’s proposal to take the San Juan de Ulúa fort from the Spanish garrison on that place seemed like the paramount of ill-conceived plans. However, Iturbide was playing an all-or-nothing: If Santa Anna somehow managed to die, either by the Spaniard arms or by his own stupidity, he would not have any other enemies that could undermine his power, at least in the short term. Or at least that’s what he thought. But if Santa Anna succeeded, his position as Emperor would be threatened, and given the actions of other shady characters behind the scenes, which includes so many wonderful figures such as de Bustamante [3] and de Herrera y Ricardos [4], men which were supposed to be loyal to him, but were conspiring with many other liberals behind the scenes, and an American envoy which should not have had anything to do with all this. [5]

    The reason for this was Miguel Santa María, a staunch Republican Liberal, and Plenipotentiary Envoy to Gran Colombia on behalf of the Mexican Empire, who, for whatever reason, he thought that, with all of the advancements that the United States had when repulsing the British and the Spanish from their country, they were a better role model and had a “better governing model” than the “Imperial Dictatorship” that Iturbide had. He declined going to the coronation ceremony, citing “health problems” as a reason for his absence, and spent most of his time cajoling with dissenters and Joel R. Poinsett. During his tenure in Veracruz, he attempted to convince many other military commanders to join his cause. One of them, was Santa Anna, who was promised that he would get a shot on to ruling the country if there was a Republic. Or at least that's what we think.

    Anyway, in an ideal world, democracy prevails and people dance with puppies in rainbow-coloured backgrounds while unicorns puke rainbows and canaries are chirping lovely music; however, this being early Mexico and taking in account the later turn of events during these two centuries, a democracy as played by these fools was a straight path to either an American annexation or a complete disaster (Bugger me, those two are redundant).

    So, in a strange turn of events, Agustín I greenlighted his plan to retake San Juan de Ulúa for the late week of October in 1822. He was given strict guidelines on how to do so, however.[6]

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    A bird's view of San Juan de Ulúa in the modern day. Back then, it was not connected by a land bridge.


    Against all advices given off by Santa María to just waltz into Agustin's tent and kill him (which would have doomed the Empire into an era of warlords), Santa Anna proceeded with the plan to retake San Juan de Ulúa in October 28, 1822. In spite of not having any big ships or heavy artillery, Santa Anna managed to take the fort by grabbing every available fishing boat available and rowing all the distance to San Juan de Ulúa. Agustín I, in the meanwhile, took the few ships available from the Mexican Navy (mostly ships that were stolen from the Spanish) and began to use whatever artillery they could find and fire away at the fortress.

    Everything went without a hitch: The battle was won, the Spaniards were finally expelled from Mexico, with the survivors given safe passage back to Spanish-held Cuba, and everyone rejoiced... except for Santa Anna.

    See, it was during this battle, that a stray shot from the brigantine Independencia, the flagship of the improvised Mexican fleet, blew up Santa Anna into shrimp food (It was an accident! I swear!). Agustín I then had to rally the remaining soldiers onto not fleeing the assault, and he even jumped into San Juan de Ulúa himself for a piece of the action, where he proceeded to remind everyone why he was nicknamed The Iron Dragon.

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    According to eyewitness, this was His Majesty's reaction when he saw the Imperial Flag raised over San Juan de Ulúa, and also, it's likely this was also his reaction when he learned that the gerontophile of Santa Anna and the guys on his boat were turned into shrimp food by a cannon ball. More exaggerated portrayals mention that he whispered "¡A Huevo!".

    By this, Santa María’s plan to overthrow the Empire was thrown a wrench and caused him to rethink his strategies on how to deal with toppling the Empire. Time was running out, and they somehow had to also try to court the United States into helping them somehow into toppling the Empire. And, the United States’ envoy, Poinsett, of whom we’ve talked a few times before, was there to provide help and anything that the dissenters wanted.

    And as for Agustín I, he had bought himself some extra time, for now. The National Congress was still filled by Republicans, and from many members of the Scottish Rite [7] which wanted him out of the picture for “going against the principles on which Mexico gained independence”; a bit counterfactual, based on the fact that Mexico was supposed to be a monarchy from the get-go, and one of the articles of the Treaty of Córdoba already said that any Mexican could be proclaimed as Emperor. However, the death of Santa Anna after the retaking of San Juan de Ulúa also made him more popular with the people, by placing him as the man who gave the approval of the plan, and Santa Anna as a martyr of the Mexican cause. But for now, everyone was thrilled with this victory, and none would have nightmares of the Spaniards appearing out of thin air to cut down the Crowned Eagle [8] and replacing it with the Cross of Burgundy in the Zócalo.

    The Mexican Empire was up to a rough start, regardless of all this.

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    [1] I am not making that up. Yes, it happened, yes, it was vetoed by Agustín for blatantly obvious reasons, and yes, you already can go for a bottle of brain bleach. Sadly, I forgot the source.
    [2] Sharp fanged. In Mexico, the term is used to describe people who manage to come out on top by sheer ballsiness or ingenuity or a mix of the two. Also, OTL Iturbide did wanted a constitutional monarchy and elected heads of government, if his memories are to be believed; however, he considered that Mexico was not yet ready for either one of them on the get-go.
    [3] Carlos María de Bustamante.
    [4] José Joaquín Antonio Florencio de Herrera y Ricardos
    [5] Joel R. Poinsett.
    [6] This is the POD of this part of the world. OTL, Agustín I vetoed the plan, and sent another general to take Santa Anna as a prisoner. However, Santa Anna bribed him into joining his side, and López de Santa Anna and Santa María ended up redacting the Plan de Casa Mata. Agustín actually tried to put him in his place by heading off to Veracruz himself in November 1822 to put the two of them down. However, he ended up losing more time due to the fact that the Empress had given birth to another prince, and he postponed the attack. And by the time he had his forces ready in December, the rebels were ready to start the insurrection, and by March 1823, Iturbide abdicated. This time around, Iturbide more or less green-lights him in a bid to distract the attention from the opposition to something else and allow himself a bit more time to deal with the remaining opposition, most of them based in the provinces of Nueva Santander (nowadays Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Nuevo León and Texas) and in the Senate.
    [7] OTL, there were two main Masonic rites in Mexico after the Independence: the Reformed Scottish rite, siding with the Conservatives and brought by Spaniard representatives, and the York rite, established by Poinsett, as a way to influence the politicians in Mexico to side with the U.S. and convince them of obtaining the northern states. These Masonic lodges wielded a lot of influence, and their rivalry was among one of the many causes of the political violence in Mexico, aside from the obvious ideological differences. However, in the early days of the Empire, they could only agree that Iturbide had to be removed from power.
    [8] "Aguila Coronada". Nickname for the Mexican Flag (akin to how the U.S. flag is called "the Stars and Stripes")



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    Next chapter:
    Another dynasty that arises from the fires of revolution!
    This time, in Asia. And you won't have an idea of where did this came from.​
     
    Chapter 2: A revolution in 1811 ~ The New Kingdom of Korea
  • Well, here's my second chapter. And like John Cleese would say... "And now for something... completely different."

    Chapter 2: A revolution in 1811 ~ The New Kingdom of Korea

    The Government has abandoned the western region after considering it useless land. Even the servants of the other provinces despise the people of the West, calling them 'Men of the Province of Pyeongan'. With the king still a child, his functionaries steal the government's money and do what they want. But there is one man that will save you from this situation: Open the gates and receive this army. If you ignore this warning, no one will escape alive.
    Hong Gyeong-nae. (pictured below)

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    Hong Gyeong-nae
    (the man who would become King)
    …And while in 1811, the world was convulsing in revolutions, pests, and warfare, in Asia, a revolution was starting to fester.

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    As stated above.
    The overall situation in Korea was quite bad, with poor harvests, famines occurring with frightening regularity, religious persecution towards Christians, and a bureaucratic nightmare to end all bureaucratic nightmares. It was under this oppressive regime that the Korean peninsula became a hotbed of rebellions, intrigue, incompetent kings that were manipulated by their councils or their regents, and Christianity gaining a foothold in Korea due to how the world always seemed to end for them.

    Hong Gyeong-nae was a yangban (a type of noble-scholar in Korea) from Pyeongan, the son of a prominent family in the region, who had fallen out of favour with the elites from Hanseong [1]. Mostly because he studied the Korean classics on agriculture, such as “Straight Talk about Agriculture” (which was so good that the Royal Ministry of Agriculture ended up revising it until 1940) and other similar texts, like his rural fellow men. And lastly, he was tired of these lazy bureaucrats and the foolish policies that were done from the capital. He witnessed that these bureaucrats were pilfering the taxes, then they raised these taxes even further, and they went on to going to town on the population, making everyone on the province as equally poor and equally miserable. [2] And not to mention that the taxes were stupidly high, with a part ending up on the slush “funds” of some other bureaucrat. [3]

    Then, in 1801, he hatched a plan: He was to take 1000 labourers to Chudo island, with the excuse that he would set up mining operations in the island, and with the funds . Instead of mining, they would begin to train in military tactics, and also planning on what to do if they successfully managed to topple the current regime. Information available in any language that is not Korean is sketchy at best, but with the aid of an automatic translator, I was able to deduce that when he came back to the mainland, Mr. Hong and some of his men went to the home of their local bureaucrat, seized him, dragged him outside, and turned him into a human piñata in January 1811. And everyone rejoiced, as the piñata, instead of giving out candy, it gave out the whole grain tax of multiple years (and also, it spilled its guts and blood).

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    Yep, it was a mess...

    Then, the situation somehow escalated quickly, as in many towns the same thing happened. And with bureaucrats getting killed en masse and all of a sudden, Hong Gyeong-nae found himself as the main commander of a rebellion that managed to cover the northwest of the Korean peninsula. Taking command of such a large amount of territory in less than ten days was a complete achievement that even I haven't been able to replicate in any of my grand strategy games. And with such a massive army, he managed to take the fortress of Jeongju, sending them the message quoted on the beginning.

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    Taking Jeongju​

    By June 1811, the rebellion grew in both the terrain it controlled, to the point that it managed to extend as a sliver of land from the Yellow Sea to the Pacific. Hong’s rebel army defeated the Royal Army with the use of hit-and-run tactics, supply theft, and decapitating their already weak command structure by striking at the officers first and killing anybody stupid enough to continue fighting on, as the rebels actually offered a chance to the remaining soldiers to join the movement.

    But it didn’t stop there. With the prospect of actual success against the Hanseong regime, Hong chose to form the basis of a government, instead of continuing on hit and run battles against the Royal Army. He proposed, with the aid of a few Korean Catholics [4] who brought in some Western knowledge, to go through some basic reforms on the government, such as drafting a basic law for the common people, toleration of all religions within the kingdom as long as they opted not to incite a rebellion, a complete revision of the officer examinations, shifting from Neo-Confucian texts to practical books in metalsmithing, agriculture, mercantilism, and sciences, and last, but not least, a much needed restructuring of the bureaucratic system, that would bring officers from the provinces that would actually bring a new point of view instead of the biased prejudice of these capital dwellers.

    So, this brought many of the social classes in Korea to support him: defecting soldiers, merchants, artisans, labourers, farmers, and Catholic converts. The latter would become extremely important later on.

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    One of the first all encompassing revolutions, I'll admit.

    It all ended for the Joseon dynasty in early June 1813, after almost two years and a half of war. With the rebels sieging the city, and with no prospect of escaping, King Jeongjo, last king of the Joseon dynasty, and with just 21 years of age, chose to spare the lives of his fellow soldiers and to call for negotiations with the rebels. There was no point on continuing the war, especially as he was willing to go for reforming the political system, which was a quagmire from the beginning.

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    Unfortunately, I was unable to get a good screenshot in time, but this K-drama showcased the moment when Hong Gyeong-nae and King Jeongjo were to establish negotiations.

    Hong Gyeong-nae and King Jeongjo were to start their dialogue in June 16, 1813. However, when everything was set to actually come to good terms, Jeongjo was murdered by members of his council (and under the orders of former Queen Dowager Jeongsun, seeing his negotiations as a threat to her power and those of her fellows), in order to put his son, the two-years old Crown prince Hyeomyeong, as the king. Needless to say, Gyeong-nae went off to hunt these traitors, and this time around it was open season for the rebels against these radicals.

    In June 21, in lieu of the young crown prince getting murdered by his remaining cadre in order to deny the rebels to get him and instill these ideas into him, and with most of the old bureaucracy and the Queen Dowager Jeongsun dead, they had to think on what to do. Korea, at that time, did not have any kind of democratic tradition, so at this point, the only thing that Kyeong-nae was able to say was “Well, screw it, I’ll do this” (Not in those words, though). He became the King of Korea (Though, he did not took a regnal name).

    And, from that point on, the Hong dynasty began to grow, and with the new technocratic bureaucracy, Korea managed to industralize earlier than most of Asia. Catholicism began to grow until the point where the new royal family converted, and most people followed suit, thus opening a whole new world of diplomatic relations with the European colonials in Asia (and especially Spain, of which we'll talk more about later). With technological innovations, prosperity (and other social marvels such as democracy) came to its people, and the country broke off from the grip of perpetual poverty and its cycles of famine. But that's a story for another time.

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    Modern Hanseong... I mean, Seoul. God Save the King!

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    I extend my thanks to zeppelinair, as without him, this chapter would have never occurred. Even though, it was hard due to the fact that I had to rely on Google translate, and make heads and tails out of the resulting garbled mess that those translations threw at me. By far, the hardest chapter I’ve done, and something inside me tells me it's not quite right. But at the same time, it's something completely different, and definitively a POD that I think that no one really considered before (save for an extremely old usenet discussion with 6 posts that I lost the link to).

    The POD here being that Gyeong-nae started his uprising one month later. With a more prepared army and more tactical acumen, his rebellion succeeded, and brought the King to negotiations. But... stuff happened.

    [1] Old name for Seoul.

    [2] A small, but relevant POD for the future of Asia. You will see why when we get to sometime after the 1860's.

    [3] Farmers paid with their harvests. Now, connect the dots.

    [4] The presence of Catholic converts proved to be a boon on proving to the Europeans that they were not barbarians.

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    Next Chapter:
    The Comanches and other ethnic groups in the Empire.
     
    Chapter 3: The Northern Tribes – Or To Live and Die by the Comanchería
  • Well, hello there! Here's the third chapter. I almost have again the whole structure of the text, and I will work onto getting the rest of the chapters by next week.

    I do apologise for this unexpected schedule slip.

    Chapter 3: The Northern Tribes – Or To Live and Die by the Comanchería
    It is today, in the 24th day of November of the 1823rd year of our Lord, that the fates of the Comanche are to be intertwined with the one of the Mexican Empire.
    Fragment of the text of the original Treaty of Friendship of the Comanche Tribes and the Mexican Empire.

    During the times where Mexico was a viceroyalty of Spain, the Spaniards relied on a combination of bribery and gifts to placate the northern tribes, partly as a way to get them to stop attacking settlers that encroached onto their lands; these tributes were obtained through their “embassy” in the town of Béjar, in what nowadays is the province of Texas, and used to live side by side with Spanish and American settlers that were allowed to set up shop in the province of Texas.
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    A comanche tribe.

    However, during the chaotic eleven years of the Independence War, these gifts stopped to be delivered, and as a consequence, the Comanche raided towns and settlements up north, with other tribes also doing so, and almost turning the Mexican north-east into a series of ghost towns. [1]

    It all stopped after the Provisional Congress of Mexico (before it became the Empire) dispatched an expedition to regain contact with these tribes, and probably bring them unto their fold. The negotiations dragged on until August 11, 1822, when the Government forged a truce with the tribes, and especially, with the Comanche, as it was the strongest of all of them.

    It was in November of the next year, when the Comanche tribes elected a representative called Guonique to celebrate a permanent alliance with the Empire. In that fateful meeting in November, 1823, Agustín I and Guonique established a treaty that would make the Comanche tribes as suzerains of the Empire, with the Emperor allowing them to continue to practice their own traditions unmolested, as long as they did not attempt against the integrity of the Empire. The Comanche, however, would serve under the Imperial Army, carrying their own standard into battle, and promising also that when the time came, he would aid the Empire with “20,000 Comanche Warriors”. [2] In a certain way, it was their way to assert their autonomy, in which “they will never bow to no mortal man, but to the Emperor”. In a certain way, they were reminiscent of the Cossacks of the Russian Empire.

    This treaty became the basis for what would later become the Basic Law of Indigenous People. the Institute of Indigenous Relations of the Empire, and that’s why November 24 is celebrated as the Day of the Indigenous Pride in the Empire nowadays (which allows me a free day off work or school and to eat delicious traditional food from my grandma!). Needless to say, this also caused that the northern frontier would be protected from either other, more hostile tribes (leaving the Empire to focus onto internal affairs and securing control over other areas), but causing a bit of confusion amongst some of the Imperial garrisons up north, a few friendly fire incidents, and some other strange intrigues with some tribes siding with the Americans or with the Empire which right now I can't think of, bringing forth again the use of the word Chichimeca against tribes that did not submit to the Imperial rule. [3]

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    Imperial Cavalry slaughtering an Apache tribe. These were considered Chichimeca due to their periodical habit of staging raids against the territories of Santa Fe and Texas.

    It also formed the basis for the “Legiones Indígenas”, in which many people of indigenous origins in Mexico would join, in order to go into military adventures, get riches, fight the enemies of the Empire, and get by in life, as the indigenous peoples in Mexico were, by law, exempt from paying personal income taxes and also they were exempt from being conscripted into the Imperial Army (thus, volunteers). This was formed based on the large war bands formed by the Comanche, and later on expanded to cover the many peoples of the Empire, such as Nahua, Mayans, P’urépecha, Raramuri, Yaqui, Seri, Cocopah, Navajos, among many others which I can’t bring from the top of my mind, which flocked to these legions in order to go to far away places and shoot at things.

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    Lastly, thanks to them, the Imperial Air Cavalry has an impressive gyroship with the name of one of these tribes. Pictured: CG201 Comanche

    However, not everything was dancing puppies and rainbows, as there were American squatters pouring into Texas. Invited in by the viceroys of New Spain, and left unmolested in their immigration to the territories, these ungrateful rogues were invited into the Texas territory in order to boost the population on this land. And while many of them actually were law-abiding citizens who understood that this was a different country with different laws, the problem came when some of them blatantly disobeyed the laws and customs of the Empire, which included setting free all the slaves that they might have, and converting to Catholicism. But, we’ll talk about these rascals at a later time.

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    [1] OTL's instability in northern Mexico was both due to the central government's perceived weakness and due to these tributes no longer being received by the Comanches.
    [2] It's likely that this was an exaggeration.
    [3] These laws would be properly codified after 1826. The holiday was actually established during the late 19th century.

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    Next chapter:
    South America, independence wars, and more.
     
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    Chapter 4: The (almost) death of Spanish South America
  • Hello again, ladies and gentlemen. Hereby, I bring you another chapter. This one was a pain to write, as I ended up writing and rewriting it multiple times, and I still didn't felt satisfied with the result. So, in order to keep up with a tight schedule that was invariably broken, here's the chapter 4 as is.
    Chapter 4: The (almost) death of Spanish South America
    Everybody blames each other when we ask who was the first one who failed when mentioning the South American Liberation Wars or who were the first to liberate themselves from the Spanish authorities. Without any warning, this is prone to cause fistfights even amongst the best of friends, and all sorts of diplomatic spats in South America, so, if you are not an user of the beautiful Language of the Ñ (and even if you are one), you are better off not even bringing this subject to any of your South American friends. Or your South American mother-in-law if you want to avoid diarrhoea.
    […]
    They blame the Spaniards and everyone else, but not themselves. And as always, a good Latinoamericano never blames himself for his own shortcomings.
    "How to Latinoamérica" Miguel Arriaga López (1960 - ), Chilean comedian and author. [1]


    Spain managed, in a mix of pure luck and pluck, to control almost all of America in a single go from the beginning of the 16th century until the early 19th century, with only letting go off Brazil due to it being a part of the Kingdom of Portugal at the end of the Iberian Union (which is another can of worms), but still managing to keep a very tenuous control of the whole of it, with the Incas rebelling every two generations.

    This changed, coincidentally, everywhere in 1810, when the Independence Wars started in Mexico, La Plata and Colombia [2]. And while a few of the rebellions ended almost without any bloodshed, as in Paraguay (due to how far it was from any centre of power), and the short-lived Republic of Central America (which joined the Empire of Mexico right off the bat and any attempt to secede done in the 1820’s ended in BAD END for anyone foolish enough to try), the rest of the continent kept on fighting Spanish incursions in what could be considered a whack-a-mole of rebellions. Soon, a Republic was formed with the Viceroyalty of New Granada and the northern part of Spanish South America and the Isthmus, and the southern part of Spanish South America formed a confederation of multiple provinces led by the wealthiest of them all (Buenos Aires).

    Most of these countries actually managed to secure their independence, except for Perú, in which the Royalists, due to several factors that I will enumerate below, were able to defeat the Libertadores, securing Perú as a part of the Spanish Empire for good.

    The reason for the defeat of the Libertadores in Perú was:
    · In the north, a lieutenant (of indigenous extraction) called Agustín Agualongo caused the Colombians to divert a lot of resources onto defeating him in the Pasto province, delaying any offensive actions into the Peruvian highlands. With standard-issue balls of steel and hot blood, he was able to make a heap of casualties big enough that not even Antonio Nariño, nor the expeditionary force sent by Mexico, commanded by Vicente Guerrero, managed to dislodge him from the area.
    · In the south, Chileans and Platineans had to face a lot of routing issues: Either they had to traverse by sea and into Callao and take out one of Spain’s main ports in the Peruvian Pacific coast, or go through the highlands of Alto Perú and take the silver-producing regions. Both plans were logistical nightmares, with the latter causing many dead due to attrittion.
    · Within Peru, the people who desired independence also fought amongst themselves, with some wanting Full Independence, and others preferring to be under the nominal authority of the King of Spain but with more control over its own affairs (instead of having a colonial viceroy appointed from Spain). But in either case, there were the well-known Republiquetas, which while they had effective control of the countryside of the Alto Peru and were recognised by the Platineans, they often ended up fighting amongst themselves.
    · The elites and a good chunk of the population were still loyal to the King of Spain, compared to the rest of the other Colonials, and were unsupportive of the independence, fearing the loss of their commercial and social privileges.

    And it all came down to the end of the year 1823, where the armies of the Libertadores went forward onto jumpstarting the Peruvian Independence War (Though, it is called “Andean War” in Peru, Spain and Mexico, and in Colombia, Chile and Brazil it is called “The Peruvian Expedition” nowadays).

    This was to be a two-pronged assault to be done in January of 1824. The objective was to finish off all the remaining Spanish resistance in Peru and create a friendly government. The Spaniards were hiding in the mountains, and this all seemed like a matter of just waltzing into the Peruvian coastline. Truth is... it was doomed to fail. The bulk of the Colombian army got bogged down in Quito and Pasto due to the military operations of Agustín Agualongo, a Royalist commander of indigenous extraction (worth mentioning twice, with the "Americans should be Loyal to America" rhetoric that abounded amongst these Colonial rebels), who proceeded to inflict severe casualties on them, while only armed with his musket, patriotic fervour, willingness to put rebels to death, and . He was never defeated by Nariño, nor by Guerrero, nor by anyone sent to fight him, as the two mentioned be. The rest of the army kept on fighting, eventually managing to get to the outskirts of Lima, but fate had to throw them another wrench.

    When they arrived to Pativilca, in January 1, 1824, Bolívar suddenly fell ill [2] while staying in this town, and was unable to conduct further operations into the Peruvian coast. He ended up dying due to this mysterious illness in February 1, 1824, severely demoralizing the expeditionary forces. His last words were “Win this war!”, which was given as an order to one of his lieutenants.​

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    Alas... he ded.​

    With his death, Antonio José de Sucre decided to continue on with the war. And while he was competent enough to achieve victories by himself during his time in the Colombian Independence War, went onto fighting the Spaniards in the ill-fated Battle of Lima, where his army was, alongside the Peruvian rebels, crushed by the army lead by Viceroy José de la Serna, along with last hour reinforcements from Pedro Antonio Olañeta. [3]

    From that point on, even if Sucre did manage to win a few skirmishes against the Spanish armies, their tenuous supply situation forced them to take a harsh, but necessary decision: Get out of Peru, or die trying. And while Sucre’s decision to end the campaign was a political suicide in post-war Gran Colombia, he always defended the fact that his men were tired, a lack of ammo and supplies were also to blame, and that most of his soldiers wanted to go home already.

    Then, the Liberation Army coming from the south revolted, by arresting their own officers who were loyal to the Libertadores and defected to the Spaniards. And with the complete breakdown of their armies, the southern forces of the Liberation Army chose to sue for peace.

    Viceroy De la Serna chose to sign an unsanctioned armistice (that is, it was not authorised by the king of Spain) with the with the remaining leadership of the liberation armies. In this treaty, all parts agreed to not wage war with each other for three years, or until a more suitable (and this time, official) peace treaty recognising the independence of these other countries would be made. In exchange, any kept territories will be recognised as gains for each of the other countries, thus ceding the territories of Pasto and Quito to Gran Colombia, what corresponds to the whole of the Atacama Desert to Chile, and the eastern half of the Alto Peru [6] to the Platinean Confederation. He eventually sent a letter notifying about the territorial changes to the King, justifying his decision to let them go and to stop the war, as there was no point already in trying to keep on fighting the rebel territories, and that it will be better to keep whatever remains of the Empire.

    35cE8yb.png

    De La Serna and the remaining Libertadores signing the truce of Juliaca.
    This truce would be ratified later by their respective governments, and became the basis for the recognition of the independence of these other nations.

    Needless to say, events that transpired also in Spain were also to blame for the new King of Spain to refuse to engage the rebel nations and just let them go already. [8]

    It was a victory by the skin of their teeth for the Spaniards, who managed to keep their own hold onto Peru (though, administering this place would become a nightmare), and a humiliating victory to the Libertadores, since they would be reminded of their failure every time they looked at a map of South America and there would be a huge tract of land that was still a part of Spain.

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    Well, Bolivar is looking at the nation he created from Heaven.
    At least he can be proud it is still an unified nation.

    With it, the dream of a permanent union of all of the Spanish speaking nations of South America (as envisioned by Simón Bolívar) also died, as Colombia sealed its southern borders and tried to establish itself as a democracy (even though those rogues that are the Bolivarists often opposed this, as when his namesake said, Latin America was not fit for democracy, as it was "under the triple yoke of ignorance, tyranny and vice"), and the Platinean Confederation descended back into its own internal wars between their constituent states against the primacy of the State of Buenos Aires, while Paraguay and the Empire of Brazil reaped the benefits with the ensuing chaos, the first by taking the province of Misiones from the Confederation, and Brazil consolidated its control over Uruguay… or at least for the time being. Also, San Martín, right off from his retirement from France and back onto La Plata, returned to try to force a monarchy, which only exacerbated the civil disorder in the former Spanish colony. But that, along with many other adventures he had, are a story for another time.

    To note also: Agustín Jerónimo, Heir-Apparent of the Empire, was amongst the cadre of Mexican volunteer corps that went to Colombia in 1823. His first taste of international diplomacy (and his long career as a diplomat) was to sign a “Pact of Eternal Friendship” between the Republic of Gran Colombia and the Empire of Mexico. By order of the Emperor, another one who went there was Vicente Guerrero, who fought against the forces of Agustín Agualongo, but was unable to apprehend him, and died of dysentery in Bucaramanga, on his way back to Mexico in 1826. [5] We will talk later of Francisco de Paula Santander and of the other leaders of Gran Colombia on a later chapter. Likewise, we’ll have also a chapter on the rivalry between the Empire of Brazil and the Platinean Confederation.

    As for Agustín Agualongo, he fought on, until he was told by a Colombian messenger that the war had ended in 1828 he continued to serve the Spanish Empire with distinction, becoming a high ranking General, eventually becoming the first President of the Royal Government of Peru in the middle part of the 19th century. [7]

    ===================================================================
    [1] A comedian (and original character) of this TL.
    [2] “La Plata” is the short name for the Confederación Platense (Platinean Confederation), which will be TTL’s Argentina, and Colombia is going to be the short-term for Gran Colombia.
    [3] Simón Bolívar had an early death this time around. OTL, he recovered from that fever, which almost killed him, but left him weakened for the rest of the campaign.
    [4] OTL, Olañeta mutinied, and Viceroy de la Serna had to dispatch an army against him, which contributed to the defeat of the Spaniards. In this timeline, he did not rebel against the Viceroy.
    [5] OTL Vicente Guerrero lasted a bit longer, and never went to South America. This token force of soldiers was more or less an exercise on getting rid of him by HIH Agustín I in this timeline, which by all accounts, was a success.
    [6] Western half of Paraguay, and what would be most of the OTL Bolivian state of Santa Cruz.
    [7] Yes, ladies, hold your undergarments down. One order of “Hispanophone Canada” (and a blatant act of fanservice) coming right at you.
    [8] Foreshadowing to the next episode.
    ===================================================================
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    Next episode:
    Troubles in Spain!
     
    Chapter 5: An unlikely king – Francisco I de Borbón. Also, other uninteresting subjects.
  • Thema, exsurge!

    I finished making the new chapter. This one was a pain in the arse to finish, to be honest, as I ran into multiple writer's blocks to write even a single paragraph. And that is bad. But at least, I might be able to get the next chapter sooner, if that serves as a consolation.

    Besides, not too many threads want to touch the subject of a successful Mexico due to this not being an English-speaking country and because Mexico cannot into anything according to these people because Español. So I, as always, aim to misbehave (and to make people laugh at how zany this creation is getting).

    ====================================

    Chapter 5: An unlikely king – Francisco I de Borbón. Also, other uninteresting subjects.

    The most dangerous profession, my dear Emilio, in this lovely Spain, is not being a miner or a Soldier in service of the King, but being the King of Spain.
    Quoted from the musical “El Requeté” [1] by Francisco Nepomuceno Mendoza (1906 Ceuta, Spain – 1977 Chuquisaca, Perú), Spanish-born Peruvian playwright.​


    After King Fernando VII reclaimed his throne and ended the liberal government of the Cortes in 1823 with French assistance, the liberal constitution that Spain once had was suspended indefinitely. This was partially caused by the ideological mismatch between the King and the Cortes, which the former supported absolutism, and the latter were of more liberal leanings due to the influence of Napoleon (which in spite of the invasion and overall French brutality, at least had good ideas about statehood).
    9sOkTux.jpg

    Pictured: Fernando VII. Not very popular, and his smug appearance almost wants me to punch him in the face.

    However, good times for Absolutism in Spain were not to last, as the country was still torn between the revolutionary fervour brought in with the Cortes Liberales, and an unpopular king that was given absolute power in a repeat of the French invasion (with support from Russia and Austria) in 1823. This invasion put an end to any prospect of having a constitutional monarchy.

    And it started in January 23, 1825, when HRH Fernando VII, exiting from going to church in the Cathedral of Madrid with his cadre, was struck by a revolutionary’s bullet in the chest. His last words were: “Get him!”, before he collapsed into the ground and bled himself to death in a matter of minutes, as the bullet hit his aorta. The only thing that the Royal Guards had to get was a scoop; this “hero” was shot and bayoneted so many times that his limbs fell off and the only remainder that he had a head was the stump left by the neck.
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    Due to the brutality of the aforementioned scene, I’ll leave you with a picture of this cat drinking tequila.

    As he died without issue (Don't ask why; feelings will be broken and friendships will be shattered if you do so), he was succeeded with his brother, Carlos María Isidro de Borbón, who styled himself as Carlos V. He was an absolutist, who openly belittled these revolutionaries. And as such, he began hunting them down with extreme prejudice. No one was safe from the subsequent purges. The revolutionaries went down in less than a year, not helped at all with the fact that they had to resort to a low class tactic such as regicide. Eventually he decided to convene his own court, which by this point were only both ultraconservatives and yes-men of questionable intelligence.
    fBXjcQS.jpg

    Pictured, Carlos V. And no, the chocolate was not named after him.

    The liberals within the army revolted against the crown, again, requesting that Carlos V swears to respect the constitution. The conservatives and the landholders sided with the King of Spain, and were backed by the reactionary monarchies of Europe. The end consequence for this is a low-intensity civil war, which the Liberal officers took notes from the Latin American wars and resorted to guerrilla tactics to bring down the Royalists.

    But also Carlos V was killed by another revolutionary. This time in March 22, 1826, and without even bothering on setting up a successor. Not that it mattered, as Carlos and his entire issue were killed by pure and simple idiocy: they chose to do a meeting in a place that had been serving as the gunpowder storage along with the then-Archbishop of Spain and two of his most loyal generals. Add a spark (It is widely inferred that this was an out-and-out assassination), and the end result was Miguel De la Bahía’s [2] average film. Their supporters did give him and his sons a state funeral, though it was, most likely, kibbles and bits that they had to gather with a spoon, and it was to be done on a closed casket funeral.

    By this point, the monarchists did not know who to put on the throne and which would not be killed the next week, and started to throw around the succession to the throne like a game of hot potato.

    At the end, it was Infante Francisco de Paula, the fourteenth child of Fernando VII, who was thrown into the throne (kicking and screaming) in March 30th of that same year, without him actually wanting anything to do with this zany scheme. Definitively, he was not considered to have king-like material, due to his passion for artistic and musical pursuits. But now, that he was on a position of great power, and had more conciliatory leanings, decided to try a different approach to avoid death by angry followers.
    mQJhpCJ.jpg

    And pictured here, Francisco I. He did survive, and had more issue than the Rabbit King. [3]

    Instead of actually backing the conservatives or the liberals for any reason, he sat down in front of his desk, and he began to write a lot of letters. Not to fans, but to the leaders of the conservative movements in Spain, and to the liberal leaders too. Getting all sides to come together and resolve their differences like civilised peoples, an achievement in and by itself in these times, to tell the truth.

    His efforts were successful. He ended up acting as an intermediary between the conservatives, the Church, the nascent industrial class, the wealthy landowners and the liberals, giving, taking, and doing a balancing act between the needs of all of these social classes, in order to avoid them from going at each other’s throats all over again.

    As a final result of his work, Spain finally became a constitutional monarchy without firing a single shot. With King Francisco I at the helm and with the backing of the Cortes, and with little to no opposition, he got Spain away from the track of becoming a country in free-fall to disaster, and was able to bounce it back onto becoming a world power within the next few years. This careful approach at dealing with everyone also did wonders to avoid another invasion that would bring more disorder into the country.

    It was in 1828 when Spain recognized the independence of the South American nations and of Mexico. This could not come at a much better time, as with the official end of hostilities, the newly independent nations would go onto pouring their efforts onto rebuilding themselves. The latter came to be after the Crown Prince of the Empire and his retinue paid a goodwill visit to him in 1827, of which we will speak about at a later time.

    Perú finally got some breathing space and while there were still a few Bolivarian rebel holdouts that often crossed the borders from Colombia onto Peru and made life miserable for those who were the closest to the border. With peace, progress and trade came to be. Though, the need to settle down the borders with La Plata, Chile, Colombia and Brazil would reduce its territory over time, but the money earned from these territorial sales would help on repairing the country's devastated infrastructure.

    Colombia, under the auspices of Francisco de Paula Santander, drafted a constitution in 1829, and was able to bring a degree of peace within the country. Santander got re-elected in the first general elections in 1830, and kept the country from tearing apart by turning the country into a federal republic.

    However, the Bolivarian factions, hard-core followers of Simón Bolívar, wanted to go back to war against the Spaniards as soon as possible and finish the job started by his so-called messiah. These groups operated mainly from the province of Pasto and from the Quito district, wreaking havoc and staging raids against Spanish Perú. Some even had the gall of claiming that Simón Bolívar talked to them from the grave, stating that they needed to liberate Perú (an hilarious concept, as Bolívar was given a burial at sea by Viceroy de la Serna, specifically to avoid this kind of folly), and even inserting their own racist mythos into the mix. These imbeciles would continue to wreak havoc into South America and instill terrorism until they were done for good and their ideology destroyed after the Great War. [4]

    But this was not to be the end of all troubles, as the United States began to eye greedily onto Cuba to expand their territory, and this would become another flashpoint as the U.S. sought to buy the island off from Spain. When they were kindly told to piss off, they unleashed their greed on their indigenous population, seizing their lands, and when that was not enough, they began eyeing their southern neighbour, in the hopes of taking land away from them. But that’s a story for another day.

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    Next chapter: The adventures of Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide, Crown Prince of the Mexican Empire, and the stabilization of the country.

    ====================================

    [1] ITTL this is an hilarious tragicomedy about a group of partisans that fought for King Carlos V against the Liberals.
    [2] Yep, TTL’s Michael Bay. His movies feature explosions and awesome special effects, but almost no plot.
    [3] A popular tale (at least here in Mexico and most of Latin America in this TL) about a rabbit that inherited the Animal Kingdom.
    [4] Some spoilers for when we get to the second half of the 20th century. Let's just say it's a conflict of unparalleled brutality, which will make OTL WWII look like a hooligan riot.
     
    Chapter 6: Agustín Jerónimo’s Bizarre Adventure – Imperial Blood
  • And here be a new chapter, after being too busy with personal things. The good thing is that the other chapters may be ready in less time than usual. Though, I'm a bit exhausted, and I think a few typos escaped my eagle-vision. I hope you enjoy it.

    Chapter 6: Agustín Jerónimo’s Bizarre Adventure – Rebel Blood
    And if a house be divided against itself, that house cannot stand.

    nXjFea2.jpg

    Portrait of Crown Prince Agustín Jerónimo. Do notice that he looks like a carbon copy of his father.

    Soon after signing the Treaty of Friendship between the Republic of Gran Colombia and the Mexican Empire in 1824, HIH Agustín I decided that it was necessary to send his son in a goodwill tour to Europe, to secure international recognition to the Imperial regime. However, those plans had to be momentarily derailed. The rebellious provinces of Central America were to blame.

    Cmj5MEh.png

    Central America. The southern end of the Empire.

    Central America had joined the Empire right off the end of the Independence War and the signing of the Treaty of Córdoba, but the local elites refused to go along with the status quo, and they revolted against the Empire by declaring unilaterally the independence of the Provinces of Central America in September 16, 1825, echoing the Grito de Dolores done by Miguel Hidalgo fifteen years ago. But this time, it was done in San Salvador, in the province of El Salvador. The main purpose of this was to split away from the Empire… and that’s about it. Nobody had any idea what they were going to do afterwards, or what kind of government would they have.

    Q1wW9l8.jpg

    A scene of the battle of Comayagua. Obvious rebel defeat.

    On the side of this self-proclaimed “United Provinces of Central America” was Manuel José de Arce y Fagoaga, a politician from the province of El Salvador, who attempted to rally the rest of the provinces of Central America under his command, to achieve independence from the Mexican Empire, as he had rejected the union with the Empire and wanted more power to the local Criollo elites. And we also have Francisco Morazán, a liberal who formed a faction dedicated to achieve independence from the Mexican Empire and establish a "Liberal Republic of Central America" (Though, to be fair to this one, he aimed to improve the living standard of the Central American peasantry). These two were always at odds, and fought amongst themselves more than they fought the Empire, which was the main reason for their failure to stop the Imperial onslaught. There were plenty of other commanders on the rebel side, but none of them were of actual relevance within the bigger picture of the Central American uprisings. And no palpable ideological differences between all factions. You can facepalm now.

    On the side of the Empire, we had Vicente Filísola, an Italian-born officer that fought in the Indepencence Wars alongside His Imperial Majesty, and often called “The Father of the Imperial Army”. We also had Crown Prince Agustín Jerónimo, who served as representative of His Imperial Higness, and lastly, we had Guadalupe Victoria, a military commander that would later become governor of California.

    The campaign was short lived. As said above, the enemies of the Empire were vanquished due to their incompetence and infighting. Even at one point, during a skirmish against the Imperial Army, a force from El Salvador and another from Honduras kept on throwing pot-shots at each other, while they were under fire from the Imperials. To be fair to them, their movement was fractured due to their lack of having a goal aside from gaining independence for Central America, with some of the rebels wanting a republic, some others wanted to import a king from Europe, some others wanted to split their own province off from the republic and even some of them came forth with the horrifying idea (and in hindsight, fractally wrong and jaw-droppingly stupid) of joining the United States.

    The disunion between the Centro American forces meant that the Imperial Army just waltzed into any area to shoot at anyone shooting at them, sustaining minimal casualties, and heaps of dead rebels. Soon, after a nine-month campaign that ended in June of 1826, everyone considered the job done, and left a few garrison to keep these rebels under a lid. Over the years, nationalist and separatist feelings began to die out, and the people of the Central American provinces began to view themselves as Mexican. It took some time and effort to achieve this, which was possible when the Empire established its first constitution in 1830. [2]

    As for Arce y Fagoaga, he fled to the United States, with whatever enemy of the Empire he could get, and attempted to secure support for a filibuster expedition, which eventually came true when the Republican Uprising took place, arriving in Veracruz just a few days before Agustín Jerónimo came back from his European tour, with results that will be viewable after the next chapter. [2] As a punitive measure, the province of El Salvador was renamed to Cuzcatlán.

    His rival, Morazán, was thrown into jail, after negotiating with the Imperial forces for parlaying his men and prison time for him. In the long term, it served him well, as he had plenty of time to sort out his ideas. And after being released, he was elected as governor of Honduras in 1835, and later on would get more involved in local politics, becoming one of the main exponents of liberalism within the Empire. It's a long story how did this came to happen, so I won't bother with the details right now.

    While the military campaigns were successful, General Guadalupe Victoria got the top prize of… getting sent to Alta California, at the time seen as the ass-end of the Empire and the farthest one could go in Mexico without leaving the country. And what once was thought as a Mexican’s grave, only inhabited by rough-necked ranchers, conscripted tax dodgers that were used as settlers, and Chinese settlers [1] was to become one of the wealthiest provinces of the Empire, and a key theater in the war against the United States that came by more than a decade later, [2] including a key battle between his forces and an American incursion force in Río Porcíncula [3].

    Vicente Filísola kept on looking for more Centro American rebels to dispatch, and kept his forces in Central America in order to discourage any further attempts at rebellion. His experience was useful many years later, when the Anglo settlers in Texas revolted a few years later. [2]

    Crown Prince Agustín Jerónimo then was sent on his new adventure to Europe in September 29, 1826. Accompanied by his father’s loyal bodyguard and companion, Karol Bieniewski, [4] who would serve as an aide and interpreter for the young prince. It was a risky assignment, especially with the political instability that we had been speaking of in the previous chapter, just to arrive in time to see that there was a new king in Spain, and many things were beginning to change in the Old World.


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    Next Chapter: The Prince goes to Europe. Stuff happens.​

    =================================

    [1] The original plans of OTL Mexican Republic involved settling California with lots of Chinese settlers and debtors.
    [2] Spoilers.
    [3] Kern River, near OTL Bakersfield, CA.
    [4] A Polish officer that was once aide to Agustín I, and OTL ended up serving Mexico during the Texan Revolution. TTL, he’ll have a larger role. Some people write his name as "Carlos Beneski".
     
    Last edited:
    Chapter 7: Agustín Jerónimo’s Bizarre Adventure – Diplomatic Tendency
  • So... I should never again make promises that I'm not going to fulfill. Bugger me...

    Depression, lack of computer (which is going to almost permanent if things keep going this way, unless I grab a disgustingly cheap and slow machine), getting distracted on a side project from this TL (for NANOWRIMO I ended up writing a sci-fi novella in the far future of this ATL), several unpleasantries in my daily life, and a general lack of inspiration on what to write about this TL surely did a number on me. And I do apologize for not updating in a very, very, very long time.

    So, let me present you with this chapter. I'll be honest, it feels a bit... rough, unifinished, and unpolished. But I'll distract you not with my breakdown. Next chapters will be better.

    ====================================

    Chapter 7: Agustín Jerónimo’s Bizarre Adventure – Diplomatic Tendency

    When Agustín Jerónimo left the country with the intention to reach Europe, establish formal consular relations with Spain, and with the side goal to get himself a wife, as any normal heir to the throne would do. Accompanied by his father's most trusted bodyguard, a Polish captain going by the name Karol Bieniewski, [1] and a cadre of officers and diplomats, he left Mexico on

    The first stop in his European tour was Spain, where he met there with the newly crowned Francisco I. For all intents and purposes, this was a ground-breaking event in the history of Mexico and Spain. For the former, it meant the recognition of the Empire by the Mother Country and the road of the Hispano-Mexican alliance began, which would culminate into the current geopolitical order, but that’s a story for another day. This eventually gave the idea to Francisco I to send envoys to the other South American countries to achieve reconciliation and avoid a repeat of the previous wars, and to possibly negotiate navigation and preferential trading rights with the former colonies. And with Mexico, the negotiations included that Mexico would let go off their claims to the Caribbean realms of New Spain (which at this point no one cared about) and the Philippines (way too far away to control effectively), avoid the forceful eviction of Spanish citizens from Mexico (and in case that they had to leave, arrange for how much of their wealth they would have to fork over) and trading directly with Cuba and Spain all over again.

    The good thing was that Francisco I was in power. Had his older brothers been in power, probably they would have shot the crown prince, and Mexico would not have lasted one more generation. Or worse, it would have become a republic. Mexico as a Republic, that’s a thought that goes beyond horrible and disgusting.

    Agustín Jerónimo also left to France, landing on Calais, and working his way up to Paris, where he met with Charles X. The mission to ensure diplomatic recognition to the Empire of Mexico was successful. Talks for allowing immigration into Mexico began, to allow French settlers to establish settlements in the northern parts of the Empire. These settlers would be placed in Sonora and Chihuahua, in accordance to immigration laws preventing them from settling in port cities or close to the borders of the Empire.

    Third stop was the United Kingdom, the premier power of the world at the time. This was the first country that -aside from the other Latin American republics and Haiti- recognized the independence of the fledging Empire.

    Lastly, there was Prussia, a nascent world power with a mighty military tradition. Mexico needed military advisors to modernize its armies, and Prussia needed a dumping ground to throw restive Poles. Thus, representatives for both countries struck a deal, in which the Mexican Empire will receive Prussian military advisors to whip the Imperial Army into shape, and Polish exiles that would be pouring into the country. Many of these Poles that went to Mexico ended up in the Imperial Army, and served with distinction for His Majesty during the Republican Uprising [2] and the First Mexican-American War. Some others brought in a lot of development to the country in the middle part of the 19th century, and some other more were of no relevance other than settling the northern parts of the Empire.

    Further establishment of diplomatic ties followed in the years after the first visit from Agustín Jerónimo, but not with the prince, but with other individuals. This allowed the establishment of further relations with the other European powers, and later with the Latin American countries by the end of the 1820’s, after the country stabilized.

    As for the secondary goal, he failed. Agustín Jerónimo was an unrepentant workaholic, and spent most of his time in Europe doing paperwork, signing documents, and he just flat-out forgot about getting a wife. Much to the dismay of his father, he did leave a lot of bastard children that he never bothered on recognize. But it became a blessing in disguise, had he had any recognized successor, his youngest brother, Damián, born in 1828, would have never succeeded to the throne [3]. That will be a huge source of what-ifs of history, had he taken more seriously his duty of finding an European princess as a wife, leaving thousands of historians puzzled on what would happen if Agustín Jerónimo had a child.


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    Next Chapter: How California was settled.​

    ===================

    [1] He was one of Agustín de Iturbide's most trusted lieutenants, and one of the most competent commanders that the Mexican Army had OTL until his suicide after the defeat of Santa Anna in the Texan War.
    [2] Mild spoilers for Chapter 9.
    [3] A new character that I will be introducing for this TL. And spoilers.
     
    Chapter 8: Settling the Californias
  • ...And I'm back. Happy new year to you all, I hope that you all had a wonderful time with your friends, families, and significant others. I actually liked this chapter, as it feels like the ones from the previous effort, as a bored highschooler in this timeline writing all of this in a self-sabotaging effort born out of boredom because he hates this subject; though, to be fair, chapters will get more serious when we get to the 20th century due to the events that will transpire. As I said, this chapter will be a primer on how the Californias were settled, with a few surprises thrown in. And food. Without anything else to add, let's begin. Though, I pity those using a 56k modem in this civilized era.

    ===============================================================

    Chapter 8: Settling the Californias

    Y12D5wN.jpg

    The Californian Peninsula (showing the whole of California menor and the southern part of California Media) and the coast of the provinces of Sonora and Sinaloa as seen from space.
    As seen from the shuttle "Esperanza", source is the Sociedad de Exploración Aeroespacial Mexicana.

    Back in the time when the Independence of Mexico was just finished, the main problem that the Empire was facing was that the northern territories were largely uninhabited, uncivilized, and unsettled. This was also a problem back when Spain was in control of this region, as it was the ass-end of their domains in the New Spain, and thus an easy way to get rid of pesky priests and soldiers without demoting them. Most of the population in these territories were just rough-living ranchers, some nomadic tribes, and a few indigenous tribes living within the confines of missions established by religious orders dedicated to evangelising them. And the local garrison of soldiers, which were undersupplied and bored beyond what can be considered as acceptable.

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    Misión de San Antonio Kadakaaman, California Menor. The town of Kadakaaman is not on this picture. It is about 5 km away from the mission. The buildings in the mission were turned into a museum, but the main chapel still holds regular Mass on Sundays.

    The problem, however, was that the population was extremely low, due to the former living in vast expanses in the middle of nowhere, the middle ones were living in dispersed settlements that were always on the move, and the latter were decimated by the diseases brought in by the Europeans. As if the poor guys had it already rough with most fiction authors ignoring the existence of the last ones. And the independence of Mexico caused also a logistical nightmare, which combined with Californian weather and terrain on the coasts as not too suitable for farming (at least until the mid to late 19th century when people realized that the weather in the Inland was good enough for establishing year-long agriculture), keeping up with the costs of allowing the continued operation of the misiones. And while Agustín I pondered on disbanding them and send them packing, after considerable debate with the religious authorities within the Empire and the military, he chose to keep on footing the bills, however, he would be providing with tax breaks to incentivize people from Central Mexico to go to California, along with allowing petty criminals to either go to jail or to be sent to California to start a new life. No points on guessing what used to be chosen seven out of every times.

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    San José de Copertino, California Mayor. Capital of the province, and a nexus of technology of the Empire of Mexico. Many high-tech companies established there after the end of the Great War.

    And even before that, the population in the Peninsula has been so low that California Menor only became a province in 1936, due to the lack of resources or jobs in the location (though, the kiné boom came later). [1]

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    The San Francisco Bay before it got civilized, and overrun with Chinese, then Irish, then Bohêmes...
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    ...And this is modern day Yerbabuena. Nowadays, it is no longer part of California Mayor, but it is an Imperial City, with direct representation in the Imperial Senate.

    Therefore, a plan was put in action to invite people onto settling the northern territories and increase the tenuous presence of the Imperial government, before the Americans or the British or the Russians, or even xenos came in knocking. And all of those would be of disastrous consequences for the well-being of the Empire… Fine, I exaggerated with the Xenos part.

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    Though, if the xenos invade, we will all be buggered either way, regardless of geographical location.

    The main method of settling here was to invite Chinese settlers into the region. According to local documents which unfortunately were lost by a drunk librarian at the Universidad Pontificia de California Mayor, 325 Chinese settlers came into the northern parts of Las Californias. They were, by the most part, traders, bankers, and other sorts of wealthy individuals that sought to find to make riches in the New World. Other settlers arrived later on, as penal colonies sprung up after 1830, inhabited by debtors, minor criminals, and pardoned rebels that preferred to continue living by renouncing to their republican ideals. The population in the province swelled the populations of the ports of La Paz, Ensenada and Yerbabuena. However, the amerindian population got the short end of the stick, by hitting them with diseases that they had no defences for. Approximately half of the amerindian population in the Californias died during this time period, which is a shame, as plenty of unique cultural and linguistic forms were lost to diseases.

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    Kumiai Amerindians.

    An unintended consequence of having these Chinese immigrants thrive in Las Californias is the mixture of South Chinese cuisine, local indigenous food and Mexican cuisine, giving origin to the Californian cuisine. Examples of this can be seen if you go to any of the mayor cities, such as Bieniewski [2], Alcalá de Tijuana [3], La Toba [4] or Yerbabuena [5].

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    Pollo agridulce ("Sweet and Sour Chicken"), traditional food of California media; cue millions of Californios in all three Californias and the Imperial Cities of Yerbabuena, Ensenada and La Paz squeeing in joy.

    It is worth mentioning also how valuable were the Missions [6], which were previously installed by the Spaniards, in the establishment of permanent centres of population in California, in which instead of having to spring up a town in the middle of nowhere, there was already the comfort of an already civilised place within the path of the Camino Real. Within the Missions, the indigenous population of the province of California Mayor were safe from any kind of depredations from possible rival tribes, greedy ranchers, and other unpleasant fellows such as bandits. These missions also allowed the establishment of garrisons of the Imperial Army, which drawed recruits from the indigenous population, and a few from the recently arrived. The newly recruited amerindians knew the terrain, how to deal with it, and fostered further exploration of the province, allowing the government of the Empire to know where to set up new settlements, new tribes, and establish new defensive positions against hostile tribes. These were tested at the outbreak of the First Mexican-American War.

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    The city of Bieniewski, California Media. Pictured prominently are Celso Vega avenue (as a traffic jam on the left) and the Oscar Rodríguez Chacón baseball park (you already know Baseball parks). [7]

    However, California would grow sometime later, after a Criollo boy called Diego de la Vega [8] found gold while cleaning dishes in a creek in 1946. Then the place got swamped with immigrants, conflicts between natives and Chinese settlers against newly arrived immigrants from Europe came and went. And then the First Mexican-American War came in. But that's a story for another time.

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    Alcalá in 1970, a few years before the Great War. At the farthest is the Sierra de Baja California, and on the most visible background is the Otay meseta.


    [1] TTL term "Kiné" = OTL "Film"
    [2] OTL Mexicali – Calexico
    [3] ITTL it comprises the OTL San Diego – Tijuana metropolitan area
    [4] OTL Ciudad Insurgentes, Baja California Sur. ITTL is going to be the capital of California Menor.
    [5] OTL San Francisco Bay metro
    [6] Unlike OTL, the Empire chose not to disestablish the Missions in California, and will keep them working until the late 19th century. OTL these were already in decline due to apathy or distrust by the Mexican authorities.
    [7] Baseball in this timeline will be the most popular sport in the Empire. You'll see an update on this when we get to the 1860's. Because fuck Soccer.
    [8] Cookies if you get the reference.

    ===============================================================

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    Next chapter:
    Chaos in the Empire! Fratricidal Wars!
    Agustín Jerónimo's Bizarre Adventure in Europe has to end back where it began!​
     
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