The answer also depends on whether the state/nation/country/empire/whatever is engaged in a major war or not. If not then it is prohibitively expensive to maintain a large army.
In modern times you see this in the number of men (mostly men) under arms during the 1WW/2WW and the number just before/after.
In ancient/mediæval times, what you see is distinct campaigning seasons, with armies often reducing substantially to allow men to return home to take in the harvest. Monarchs/princes/dukes/whatever who tried to keep armies in the field during harvest often found themselves facing famine shortly afterwards.
So the 'armies' of the mediæval period were made up of a mixture of (1) professional troops (royal guards, etc) - a very small percentage of the total; (2) militia-type troops who would have had some training - if it were a 'minor' war, these would probably make up the rest of the 'army'; (3) conscripted men, taken from the peasantry - for major wars, these would form large portions of the armies - but there's a reason they were referred to as 'cannon-fodder' - they had no real training, less-good weapons, etc.
What I'm trying to say (badly) is that the size of a state's army is almost impossible to pin down 'in general' - you can get good estimates for particular battles, perhaps even campaigns, but not for a broad sweep of years.
That's what I've generally found in my reading over the years (decades
) anyway. Sorry that it doesn't really help answer the question!
In modern times you see this in the number of men (mostly men) under arms during the 1WW/2WW and the number just before/after.
In ancient/mediæval times, what you see is distinct campaigning seasons, with armies often reducing substantially to allow men to return home to take in the harvest. Monarchs/princes/dukes/whatever who tried to keep armies in the field during harvest often found themselves facing famine shortly afterwards.
So the 'armies' of the mediæval period were made up of a mixture of (1) professional troops (royal guards, etc) - a very small percentage of the total; (2) militia-type troops who would have had some training - if it were a 'minor' war, these would probably make up the rest of the 'army'; (3) conscripted men, taken from the peasantry - for major wars, these would form large portions of the armies - but there's a reason they were referred to as 'cannon-fodder' - they had no real training, less-good weapons, etc.
What I'm trying to say (badly) is that the size of a state's army is almost impossible to pin down 'in general' - you can get good estimates for particular battles, perhaps even campaigns, but not for a broad sweep of years.
That's what I've generally found in my reading over the years (decades