Marinhos: Legacy of Miguel da Paz

Marinhos: Legacy of Miguel da Paz


This is the timeline I am writing with focus on the Portuguese united Iberia by Miguel da Paz but he is not the main POD, the POD is on 1450 AD so Lancastrians survive in this TL for a while.


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Isabella and Ferdinand
When Alfonso V died in 1458, all of his territories, including the island of Sicily, were left to his brother John II. John now had a stronger position than every before and no longer needed the security of Henry's friendship. Henry was now in need of a new alliance. He saw the change for this much needed new friendship in Charles IV of Navarre, another son of John II of Aragon. Charles was constantly in dispute with his father and because of this he secretly entered into an alliance with Henry IV of Castile. A major part of the alliance was that a marriage was to be arranged between Charles and Isabel. The fact that Isabel was only ten years old and Charles was nearly forty was never considered an issue. When John II learned of this arranged marriage he was outraged. Isabel was had been destined for his favorite son, Ferdinand, and in his eyes this alliance was still valid. John II had his son Charles thrown in prison with charges of plotting against his father's life and the marriage never came to be.

In 1464 an attempt was made to marry Isabel to Alfonso V of Portugal, Henry's brother-in-law. Through the medium of the Queen and Count of Ledesma, a Portuguese alliance was made. Isabel, however, was weary of the marriage and refused to consent.

A civil war broke out in Castile over King Henry's inability to act as sovereign. Henry now needed a quick way to please the rebels of the kingdom. As part of an agreement to restore peace, Isabel was to be betrothed to Pedro Giron, Maestre de Calatrava and brother to the King’s favorite Don Juan Pacheco. In return the Master would pay into the ompoverished royal treasury an enourmous sum of money. Seeing little other choice to find the peace he desperately needed, Henry agreed to the marriage. Isabel was aghast and prayed to God for the marriage to never come to pass. Her prayers were answered when Don Pedro suddenly fell ill and died while on his way to meet his fiancée.

When Henry recognized Isabel as his heir on 19 September 1468, he also promised that his sister should not but compelled to marry against her will, while she in return agreed to obtain his consent. It seemed that finally the years of failed attempts at political marriages were over. There was talk of a marriage to a brother of Edward IV of England but this alliance was never seriously considered. Once again in 1468, a marriage proposal arrived from Alfonso V of Portugal. Going against his promises made in September, Henry tried to make the marriage a reality. If Isabel married Alfonso, Henry's daughter Joanna would marry Alfonso's son John II and thus, after the death of the old king, John and Juana could inherit Portugal and Castile.[ Isabella refused and made a secret promise to marry her cousin and very first betroth, Ferdinand of Aragon.

After this failed attempt Henry once again went against his promises and tried to marry Isabel to Louis XI’s brother Charles, Duke of Berry. In Henry's eyes this alliance would cement the frienship of Castile and France as well as remove Isabel from Castilian affairs. Isabel once again refused the proposal. Meanwhile John II of Aragon negotiated in secret with Isabel a wedding to his son Ferdinand.

On 18 October 1469, the formal betrothal took place. Because Isabel and Ferdinand were second cousins they stood within the the prohibited degrees of consanguinity and the marriage would not be legal unless a dispensation from the Pope was granted. With the help of Rodrigo Borgia (later Alexander VI) Isabel and Ferdinand were presented with a supposed Papal Bull by Pius II authorizing Ferdinand to marry within the third degree of consanguinity, making their marriage legal. Isabel escaped the court of Henry with the excuse of visiting her brother Alfonso's tomb in Ávila. Ferdinand, on the other hand, crossed Castile in secret disguised as a merchant. Finally, on 19 October 1469 they married in the Palacio de los Vivero in the city of Valladolid.
Isabel’s reign was off to a rocky start from the very beginning. Because of her brother's choice to name Isabel as his successor, when she ascended to the throne in 1474, there were already several plots against her. The Marquis of Villena and his followers maintained that the Infanta Joanna, daughter of Henry VI, was the rightful queen. Shortly after the Marquis made his claim, a long time supporter of Isabel, the Archbishop of Toledo left court to plot with his great-nephew the Marquis. The Archbishop and Marquis made plans to have the Infanta Joanna marry her uncle, King Alfonso V of Portugal and invade Castile to claim the throne for themselves.

In May of 1475, Alfonso and his army crossed into Spain and advanced to Palsencia and here he married the young Joanna. A long and bloody war for the Castilian succession took place hereafter. The war went back and forth for almost a year until March of 1476 when the Battle of Toro took place. It was here that Isabel’s husband Ferdinand and his army made such a victory that it was clear that Isabel’s Spain was going to win the war. Although Isabel’s side had gained a great victory, the war drug on for another three years.

In August of the same year, Isabel proved her abilities as a powerful ruler on her own. A rebellion broke out in Segovia and Isabel rode out to suppress it, as her husband was off fighting at the time. Going against the better judgment of her male advisors, Isabel rode by herself into the city to negotiate with the rebels. She was successful and the rebellion was quickly brought to an end. Two years later, Isabel also secured her place as ruler a bit more with the birth of her son John, Prince of Asturias on June 30, 1478. To many, the presence of a male heir legitimized her place as ruler. The war with Portugal did not officially end until September of 1479. At this time, four separate treaties were signed at Alcáçovas. Under these treaties Portugal abandoned all claims to Castile Isabel and Ferdinand agreed to pardon all rebellious subjects who had supported Joanna and Alfonzo. Isabel had proven herself to be a fighter and tough monarch from the start. Now that she had succeeded in securing her place on the Castilian throne, she could now begin to make the reforms that the kingdom desperately needed.


At the end of the Reconquista, only Granada was left for Isabel and Ferdinand to conquer. The Emirate of Granada had been held by the Muslim Nasrid emirate since the mid-thirteenth century. Protected by natural barriers and fortified towns, it had withstood the long process of the reconquista. On 1 February 1482, the king and queen reached Medina del Campo and this is generally considered the beginning of the war for Grandada. While Isabel's and Ferdinand's involvement in the war was apparent from the start, Granada's leadership was divided and never able to present united front. However, it still took ten years to conquer Granada, culminating in 1492.

The Spanish monarchs recruited soldiers from many European countries and improved their artillery with the latest and best cannons. Systematically, they proceeded to take the kingdom piece by piece. In 1485 they laid siege to Ronda, which surrendered after only a fortnight due to extensive bombardment. The following year, Loja was taken, and again Muhammad XII was captured and released. One year later, with the fall of Málaga, the western part of the Muslim Nasrid kingdom had fallen into Spanish hands. The eastern province succumbed after the fall of Baza in 1489. The siege of Granada began in the spring of 1491 and at the end of the year, Muhammad XII surrendered. On 2 January 1492 Isabella and Ferdinand entered Granada to receive the keys of the city and the principal mosque was reconsecrated as a church. The Treaty of Granada signed later that year was to assure religious rights to the Muslims, which did not last.


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interesting begining, i forsee a united iberia much stronger and enlighted than Portugal and Spain alone.Instead of colonizing the South American , we sould colonize North America, with colinies , that when they revolt, they become Estados Unidos da America. :)
 
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Columbus
After continually lobbying at the Spanish court and two years of negotiations, he finally had success in 1492. Ferdinand and Isabella had just conquered Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, and they received Columbus in Córdoba, in the Alcázar castle. Isabella turned Columbus down on the advice of her confessor, and he was leaving town by mule in despair, when Ferdinand intervened. Isabella then sent a royal guard to fetch him and Ferdinand later claimed credit for being "the principal cause why those islands were discovered".

About half of the financing was to come from private Italian investors, whom Columbus had already lined up. Financially broke after the Granada campaign, the monarchs left it to the royal treasurer to shift funds among various royal accounts on behalf of the enterprise. Columbus was to be made "Admiral of the Seas" and would receive a portion of all profits. The terms were unusually generous, but as his son later wrote, the monarchs did not really expect him to return.

According to the contract that Columbus made with King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, if Columbus discovered any new islands or mainland, he would receive many high rewards. In terms of power, he would be given the rank of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and appointed Viceroy and Governor of all the new lands. He had the right to nominate three persons, from whom the sovereigns would choose one, for any office in the new lands. He would be entitled to 10% of all the revenues from the new lands in perpetuity; this part was denied to him in the contract, although it was one of his demands. Additionally, he would also have the option of buying one-eighth interest in any commercial venture with the new lands and receive one-eighth of the profits.

On the evening of 3 August 1492, Columbus departed from Palos de la Frontera with three ships; one larger carrack, Santa María, nicknamed Gallega (the Galician), and two smaller caravels, Pinta (the Painted) and Santa Clara, nicknamed Niña after her owner Juan Niño of Moguer. They were property of Juan de la Cosa and the Pinzón brothers (Martín Alonso and Vicente Yáñez), but the monarchs forced the Palos inhabitants to contribute to the expedition. Columbus first sailed to the Canary Islands, which were owned by Castile, where he restocked the provisions and made repairs. On 6 September he departed San Sebastián de La Gomera for what turned out to be a five-week voyage across the ocean.
A lookout on the Pinta, Rodrigo de Triana (also known as Juan Rodriguez Bermeo), spotted land about 2 a.m. on the morning of October 12, and immediately alerted the rest of the crew with a shout. Thereupon, the captain of the Pinta, Juan Alonso Pinzón, verified the discovery and alerted Columbus by firing a lombard. Columbus later maintained that he himself had already seen a light on the land a few hours earlier, thereby claiming for himself the lifetime pension promised by Ferdinand and Isabella to the first person to sight land.
Columbus called the island (in what is now The Bahamas) San Salvador; the natives called it Guanahani. Exactly which island in the Bahamas this corresponds to is an unresolved topic; prime candidates are Samana Cay, Plana Cays, or San Salvador Island (so named in 1925 in the belief that it was Columbus's San Salvador). The indigenous people he encountered, the Lucayan, Taíno or Arawak, were peaceful and friendly. From the 12 October 1492 entry in his journal he wrote of them, "Many of the men I have seen have scars on their bodies, and when I made signs to them to find out how this happened, they indicated that people from other nearby islands come to San Salvador to capture them; they defend themselves the best they can. I believe that people from the mainland come here to take them as slaves. They ought to make good and skilled servants, for they repeat very quickly whatever we say to them. I think they can very easily be made Christians, for they seem to have no religion. If it pleases our Lord, I will take six of them to Your Highnesses when I depart, in order that they may learn our language." He remarked that their lack of modern weaponry and even metal-forged swords or pikes was a tactical vulnerability, writing, "I could conquer the whole of them with 50 men, and govern them as I pleased."


Columbus also explored the northeast coast of Cuba (landed on 28 October) and the northern coast of Hispaniola, by 5 December. Here, the Santa Maria ran aground on Christmas morning 1492 and had to be abandoned. He was received by the native cacique Guacanagari, who gave him permission to leave some of his men behind. Columbus left 39 men and founded the settlement of La Navidad at the site of present-day Môle-Saint-Nicolas, Haiti. On 13 January 1493 Columbus made his last stop in the New World. He landed on the Samaná Peninsula where he met the hostile Ciguayos who presented him with his only violent resistance during his first voyage to the Americas. Because of this, and the Ciguayos' use of arrows, he called the inlet where he met them the Bay of Arrows (or Gulf of Arrows). Today the place is called the Bay of Rincon, in Samaná, the Dominican Republic. Columbus kidnapped about 10 to 25 natives and took them back with him (only seven or eight of the native Indians arrived in Spain alive, but they made quite an impression on Seville).
Columbus headed for Spain, but another storm forced him into Lisbon. He anchored next to the King's harbor patrol ship on 4 March 1493 in Portugal. After spending more than one week in Portugal, he set sail for Spain. He crossed the bar of Saltes and entered the harbor of Palos on 15 March 1493. Word of his finding new lands rapidly spread throughout Europe.

Columbus apparently tried hard to find the mainland of the new continent he discovered in his second journey he found Florida apparently and discovered the OTL New Orleans area and started the Spanish settlement in the region.


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interesting begining, i forsee a united iberia much stronger and enlighted than Portugal and Spain alone.Instead of colonizing the South American , we sould colonize North America, with colinies , that when they revolt, they become Estados Unidos da America. :)

I actually also intend to have Miguel da Paz fall in love with Anne Boleyn.
 
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Miguel Da Paz
Isabella, Princess of Asturias (2 October 1470 – 24 August 1498) was the Queen Consort of Portugal and the eldest daughter and heiress presumptive of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile. Her younger sisters were Catherine, Queen of England, Queen Joanna I of Castile, and Maria, Queen of Portugal.
In 1490 Isabella married Afonso, Crown Prince of Portugal, the heir of John II of Portugal. Though it was an arranged marriage, Isabella and Afonso quickly fell in love, and Isabel was grief-stricken when he died in 1491: sent home to her parents by John II, she declared that she would never marry again, and would enter a convent. Her parents ignored this, and in 1497 she was persuaded to marry to Manuel I of Portugal, Afonso's uncle and John II's cousin and successor. She did so on condition that Manuel followed her parents' policy and expelled the Jews who would not convert to Christianity from his realm. This he duly did. In the same year, she became Princess of Asturias and heiress of Castile, following the death of her only brother, John (Juan), Prince of Asturias.
Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal and Prince of and son of King Manuel I of Portugal and his first wife Isabella of Asturias (1470-98). He was recognised as heir both to his father's kingdom of Portugal, and to his grandparents' kingdoms of Castile, León and Aragon. As such, he was styled Prince of Portugal, Prince of Asturias and Prince of Girona.
He was born in Zaragoza, Spain on August 24, 1498 and his mother died during childbirth. For the next two years he was the heir to the throne of both Portugal and Spain.
He survives to adulthood and was arranged to be married to Renee of France although he was first betrothed to Claude of France.

Miguel da Paz merges the three crowns


It was originally Claude of France who was the one who should had married Miguel da Paz but the marriage failed to happen and the Cortez had just ravaged Mexico and Miguel da Paz married Rene of France in 1525 in the condition that Rene of France gives up her claims on Brittany and Rousillon, Val d’Aran and Cerdagne ceded to France and France recognized the Avis inheritance of Sicily and Naples, Miguel da Paz and Renee of France have a son named Duarte(Edward) born on April 6 1526 and a daughter named Maria born on April 8 1528.
Because of Miguel da Paz inheriting Iberia he became powerful because of his inheritance of all of Iberia and he inherited all of the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Asia, Africa and the Americas.

Controversies in Miguel da Paz’s reign

Renee decided in 1530 to go back to France with her children to raise them in France and Miguel da Paz falls for Anne Boleyn, the lady in waiting of Claude of France, he has a son with Anne Boleyn named Duarte Pio Born in June 6 1531.

Reign of Duarte I of Spain
Duarte I of Spain’s era was known to be an era of tolerance and expansion and he would sign a treaty of tolerance in Spain for the Protestants and he married Mary II of England and his son Duarte, the future Duarte II was born in February 2 1561 after Duarte and Mary II are married in 1560.



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Mary of Burgundy and Habsburgs
Mary now made her choice among the many suitors for her hand, selecting the Archduke Maximilian of Austria (after her death the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I). The marriage took place at Ghent on 18 August 1477.
Philip II, the Holy Roman Emperor (22 July 1478 – 25 September 1506), known as Philip the Handsome or the Fair, , Philip inherited the greater part of the Duchy of Burgundy and the Burgundian Netherlands (as Philip IV) from his mother, Mary of Burgundy, and briefly succeeded to the Crown of Castile as the husband of Joanna of Castile, who was also heiress to the Crown of Aragon. He was the first Habsburg monarch in Spain. He inherited his father's territories and became Philip II the Holy Roman Emperor.

Joanna and Nicolas
Joanna of Castille decided to flee to France after she knew that there is no way to defeat castile in 1478, In 1480 Joanna decided to give up her claims to the Castilian throne and she married Nicolas the Count of Provence and the Duke of Lorraine they have a daughter named Francesca born in January 6 1482, who was married to Philbert after his wife Yolande died in 1499 who became Philbert II of Savoy later Francesca gives birth to Charles I of Provence and Savoy in January 6 1501, he would inherit both Piedmont, Savoy and Provence he would create the Kingdom of Piedmont-Provence he marries Beatrice of Portugal, the younger sister of Miguel Da Paz in 1520 they have a son named Emanuel in August 5 1522 who is betrothed to Maria of Portugal the son of Emanuel and Maria, Roger/Ruggero of Provence and Savoy born on 1545 who later married Elisabeth of Valois which produced a line of Savoy dukes with the claim to French and Spanish thrones.

Poland
In 1454 the Prussian Confederation, an alliance of Prussian cities and nobility opposed to the increasingly oppressive rule of the Teutonic Knights, asked King Casimir to take over Prussia and stirred up an armed uprising against the Knights. Casimir declared a war on the Order and a formal incorporation of Prussia into the Polish Crown; those events led to the Thirteen Years War. The weakness of pospolite ruszenie (the szlachta wouldn't cooperate without new across-the-board concessions from Casimir) prevented a takeover of all of Prussia, but in the Second Peace of Thorn (1466) the Knights had to surrender the western half of their territory to the Polish Crown (the areas known afterwards as Royal Prussia, a semi-autonomous entity), and to accept Polish-Lithuanian suzerainty over the remainder (the later Ducal Prussia). Poland regained Pomerelia and with it the all-important access to the Baltic Sea, as well as Warmia. In addition to land warfare, naval battles had taken place, where ships provided by the City of Danzig (Gdańsk) successfully fought Danish and Teutonic fleets.
Other 15th century Polish territorial gains, or rather revindications, included the Duchy of Oświęcim and Duchy of Zator on Silesia's border with Lesser Poland, and there was notable progress regarding the incorporation of the Piast Masovian duchies into the Crown.


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Exhiled Rose
Edward of Westminister does not go back to England and Catherine of Navarre marries Edward of Westminister in 1490, Edward of Westminister was granted Gascony after the death of Duke Du Berry in the condition that he will never claim the English throne this would have started the Plantagenet rulers of Navarre with their son Henry II Plantagenet of Navarre born on April 19, 1492. Who later married Margaret of Valois which marriage produced Jeanne Plantagenet was born in June 5 1528 who married Anthony Bourbon in 1548, Jeanne Plantagenet or Joan of Aquitaine was a staunch Calvinist in July 15, 1551 Henry Bourbon of Navarre was born, he will be called Henry the Conqueror or Henri le Conquerant.
Henry II
Henry was born in the royal Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, the son of Francis I and Claude, Duchess of Brittany (daughter of Louis XII of France and Anne, Duchess of Brittany).

His father was captured at the Battle of Pavia in 1525 by his sworn enemy, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and held prisoner in Spain.[2] To obtain his release it was eventually agreed that Henry and his older brother be sent to Spain in his place. They remained in captivity for three years.

Henry married Catherine de' Medici (13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589) on 28 October 1533, when they were both fourteen years old. The following year, he became romantically involved with a thirty-five-year-old widow, Diane de Poitiers. They had always been very close: she had publicly embraced him on the day he set off to Spain, and during a jousting tournament, he insisted his lance carry her ribbon instead of his wife's. Diane became Henry's most trusted confidante and, for the next twenty-five years, wielded considerable influence behind the scenes, even signing royal documents. Extremely confident, mature and intelligent, she left Catherine powerless to intervene. She did, however, insist that Henry sleep with Catherine in order to produce heirs to the throne.

When his elder brother, Francis, died in 1536 after a game of tennis, Henry became heir to the throne. He succeeded his father on his 28th birthday and was crowned King of France on 25 July 1547 at Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Reims.
Henry's reign was marked by the persecution of the Protestant Huguenots. Henry II severely punished them, particularly the ministers: burning them at the stake or cutting off their tongues for uttering heresies. Even those only suspected of being Huguenots could be imprisoned. The Edict of Châteaubriant (27 June 1551) called upon the civil and ecclesiastical courts to detect and punish all heretics and placed severe restrictions on Huguenots, including the loss of one-third of their property to informers, and confiscations. It also strictly regulated publications by prohibiting the sale, importation or printing of any unapproved book. It was during the reign of Henry II, Huguenot attempts at establishing a colony in Brazil were made, with the short-lived formation of France Antarctique.
He survived longer and seen his sons die a cruel death and see Elisabeth of Valois married to Roger of Savoy and his grandson Henry Emanuel who was born on May 5,1466, He saw Henry Emanuel grow up and he groomed him to be the future king but Henry Emanuel was never able to be the King of France because of Henry II retracted his will for Henry Emanuel to be a king but Henry of Navarre would be the king of France after his death in 1480.

Henry VII, Henry VIII and Valois England

Henry VII also made some political capital out of his Welsh ancestry; for instance, in attracting military support and safeguarding his army's passage through Wales on its way to the Battle of Bosworth. He came from an old-established Anglesey family which claimed descent from Cadwaladr (in legend, the last ancient British king)] and on occasion, Henry displayed the red dragon of Cadwaladr. He took it, as well as the standard of St George, on his procession through London after victory at Bosworth. A contemporary writer and Henry's biographer, Bernard André, also made much of Henry's Welsh descent.

In reality, however, his hereditary connections to Welsh aristocracy were not strong. He was descended by the paternal line, through several generations, to Ednyfed Fychan, the seneschal (steward) of Gwynedd and through this seneschal's wife to Rhys ap Tewdwr, the King of Deheubarth in South Wales.

His more immediate ancestor Tudur ap Goronwy had aristocratic land rights but his sons, who were first cousins to Owain Glyndwr, sided with Owain in his revolt. One son was executed and the family land was forfeited. Another son, Henry's great grandfather, became a butler to the Bishop of Bangor. Owen Tudor, the son of the butler, like the children of other rebels, was provided for by Henry V, a circumstance which precipitated his access to Queen Catherine of Valois.

Notwithstanding this lineage, to the bards of Wales, Henry was a candidate for Y Mab Darogan - 'The son of Prophesy' who would free the Welsh from oppression.

In 1456, his father, Edmund Tudor, was captured while fighting for Henry VI in South Wales against the Yorkists. He died in Carmarthen Castle, three months before Henry was born. Henry's uncle, Jasper Tudor, the Earl of Pembroke and Edmund's younger brother, undertook to protect the young widow, who was 13 years old when she gave birth to Henry. When Edward IV became King in 1461, Jasper Tudor went into exile abroad. Pembroke Castle, and later the Earldom of Pembroke, were granted to the Yorkist William Herbert, who also assumed the guardianship of Margaret Beaufort and the young Henry.

Henry VIII lived in the Herbert household till 1469, when Warwick, the 'Kingmaker', went over to the Lancastrians. Herbert was captured fighting for the Yorkists and executed by Warwick.[15] When Warwick restored Henry VI in 1470, Jasper Tudor returned from exile and brought Henry to court. When the Yorkist Edward IV regained the throne in 1471, Henry fled with other Lancastrians to Brittany, where he spent most of the next 14 years.

The first concern Henry had was to secure his hold on the throne. His claim to the throne was that he was the last reasonably legitimate male descendant of Edward III.

He honoured his pledge of December 1483 to marry Elizabeth of York. They were third cousins, as both were great-great-grandchildren of John of Gaunt. The marriage took place on 18 January 1486 at Westminster. The marriage unified the warring houses and gave his children a strong claim to the throne. The unification of the houses of York and Lancaster by this marriage is symbolized by the heraldic emblem of the Tudor rose, a combination of the white rose of York and the red rose of Lancaster. It also ended future discussion as to whether the descendants of the fourth son of Edward III, Edmund, Duke of York, through marriage to Phillipa, heiress of the second son, Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had a superior or inferior claim to those of the third son John of Gaunt, who had held the throne for three generations. In addition, Henry had Parliament repeal Titulus Regius, the statute that declared Edward IV's marriage as invalid and his children illegitimate, thus legitimizing his wife. Amateur historians Bertram Fields and Sir Clements Markham have claimed that he may have been involved in the murder of the Princes in the Tower, as the repeal of Titulus Regius gave the Princes a stronger claim to the throne than his own. Alison Weir, however, points out that the Rennes ceremony, two years earlier, was possible only if Henry VII and his supporters were certain that the Princes were already dead.

Henry VII's second action was to declare himself king retroactively from the day before Bosworth Field. This meant that anyone who had fought for Richard against him would be guilty of treason. Thus, Henry VII could legally confiscate the lands and property of Richard III while restoring his own. However, he spared Richard's nephew and designated heir, the Earl of Lincoln. He also created Margaret Plantagenet, a Yorkist heiress, Countess of Salisbury sui juris. He took great care not to address the baronage, or summon Parliament, until after his coronation. At the same time, he almost immediately afterwards issued an edict that any gentleman who swore fealty to him would, notwithstanding any previous attainder, be secure in his property and person.

Henry secured his crown principally by dividing and undermining the power of the nobility, especially through the aggressive use of bonds and recognisances to secure loyalty. He also enacted laws against livery and maintenance, the great lords' practice of having large numbers of "retainers" who wore their lord's badge or uniform and formed a potential private army.

Henry VII was threatened by several rebellions in the next few years. The first was the Stafford and Lovell Rebellion of 1486, which collapsed without fighting.

In 1487, Yorkists led by Lincoln rebelled in support of Lambert Simnel, a boy who was claimed to be the Earl of Warwick, son of Edward IV's brother Clarence (who was actually a prisoner in the Tower). The rebellion was defeated and Lincoln killed at the Battle of Stoke. Henry made the boy Simnel a servant in the royal kitchen.

In 1490, a young Fleming, Perkin Warbeck, appeared and claimed to be Richard, the younger of the "Princes in the Tower". Warbeck won the support of Edward IV's sister Margaret of Burgundy. He led attempted invasions of Ireland in 1491 and England in 1495, and persuaded James IV of Scotland to invade England in 1496. In 1497 Warbeck landed in Cornwall with a few thousand troops, but was soon captured and executed.
In 1499, Henry VII had the Earl of Warwick executed. However, he spared Warwick's elder sister Margaret. She survived till 1541, when she was executed by Henry VIII.
Henry VIII became impatient with Catherine's inability to produce the heir he desired. All of Catherine's children died in infancy except their daughter Mary. Henry wanted a male heir to consolidate the power of the Tudor dynasty, Catherine dies of cancer sadly and Henry dies of a horse accident in 1439 and Mary of England marries Charles d’Angouleme in 1539 which was approved by Henry VIII before he died, the marriage of Mary and Charles only produced a daughter named Mary, Mary II of England born in January 6 1540 who married the King of Spain Duarte in 1560, Mary was deposed and her sons disinherited of the English throne once Henry of Navarre conquered England once he asserts his rights for the throne in 1580 after he becomes the King of France after the death of Henry II..




Unification of France and England
Jacqueline of Scotland born in June 19 1566, the daughter of Mary Queen of Scots, and Grand Daughter of Henry VII of England marries Henry of Navarre in 1590 after the death of Margaret of Valois and he converts to Catholicism the throne of England, Scotland and France had been merged with the marriage Henry III of France conquers England from Mary he asserts that he is the true Lancastrian heir not the Tudors and he becomes known as Henry the Conqueror or Henri Le Conquerant, They would have two children Louis born in September 6, 1591 and Marie born in October 6 1592.


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China
China became closed to the outside world because of its border policies and China became more fragmented as a result of the weakening of China after Hong Wu’s battle.
Establishment of the Lihan state
In the Island of Manila or Mayi 1450 the ruling family of Lihan start being rivals of their over lords, the the House of Tondo because they are getting more wealthy and influential.
In 1470 the Lihan faction declared independence from the Tondo polity because of the conflict and rivalry between the Lihan faction and the Lihan faction claimed the Lakan title they are known for their being religious and being religious zealots , Jayadewa of Lihan with his wife Amoyan in 1490 already had power and complete authority in the Eastern part of the Island of Manila, the heir of Jayadewa, Ari who started to reign in 1520 would also have the same policy and Ilocos and Zambales would remain contested territories.
Gambang sires a son who would be Alon II of the Tondo Polity.
In the year 1500 Lihan had already made the Eastern part of the Island of Manila and the Cordillera region as their domain their domain includes Tondo and because of that the Tondo Family were forced to relocate to Macabebe the center of the Lihan realm was moved to Lagawe from Malolos their ancestral land, the Lihan faction is more connected with Tibet and leaned more to Vajrayna Buddhism than to Mahayana and they conquered the Southern tip of Taiwan and traded with the Kingdom of Middag of Taiwan, Lihan become attractive to Chinese immigrants. Lihan controlled areas in the Island of Manila become more populated because of a baby boom and the migration of chinese making the dialects in their territories more coherent to each other and because of that Ibanag dialect/language started to merge with the dialects surrounding it and dialects in Palanan, Kasiguran and the dialects of the Eastern part OTL Nueva Ecija also merged with Ibanag the which also became known as Lihan language after it became the majority language in the Lihan territory which means that the Northern Cordilleran language group become united and the Ifugao starts to merge with the dialects surrounding it which means Central Cordilleran became more united and the Lihan faction started to adapt a deriviative of the Tibetan writing system with some added letters called Panulatan which would later compete with Baybayin.
In the meantime Gambang sires a heir named Alon II who is the rival of Ari the only daughter of Alon II named Burak later marries Jayadewa of Lihan, the son of Ari in 1540 so the Fueding dynasties were merged completely by Jayadewa II making the Island of Manila united again.
Sharif Kabungsuwan
Shariff Muhammed Kabungsuwan was the first Sultan of Maguindanao in the Philippines. A native of Johor on the Malay Archipelago, Kabungsuwan later re-settled in Mindanao in the Philippines where he preached Islam to the native tribes around the region.
Kabungsuwan is of Arab-Malay ethnicity. He subsequently married a local princess and established the Sultanate of Maguindanao in the 16th century.
Inca
It was traditional for the Inca's son to lead the army; Pachacuti's son Túpac Inca began conquests to the north in 1463, continuing them as Inca after Pachucuti's death in 1471. His most important conquest was the Kingdom of Chimor, the Inca's only serious rival for the coast of Peru. Túpac Inca's empire stretched north into modern day Ecuador and Colombia, and his son Huayna Cápac added significant territory to the south. At its height, Tahuantinsuyo included Peru and Bolivia, most of what is now Ecuador, a large portion of modern-day Chile, and extended into corners of Argentina and Colombia.
Inca would have a better future by having the Chimu nobility marrying into the Inca nobility.

Sulu
The founder of the Sulu Sultanate whose proper name was Abu Bakr. He founded The Royal Sultanate of Sulu in 1457 and renamed himself Paduka Mahasari Maulana al-Sultan Sharif ul-Hashim. The "maulana" meaning protector (Arabic), "paduka" being a local term for "master", and "mahasari" for "His Majesty". The Sharif is reported to have lived about thirty years in Buansa, the first seat of the sultanate, and his tomb is located in one of the slopes of nearby Mount Tumantangis.
The Malaccan Sultanate helped the Sultanate of Sulu in their conflicts against Brunei and the dominance of Brunei in Eastern Maritime South East Asia was halted.
Sultan Kamalud-Din, the successor of Abu Bakr helped the Tondo faction in their trouble against the Bruneians and won against the Bruneians and had Bolkiah killed.
Malacca
Malaccan sultanate becomes powerful in South East Asia again like their predecessor Sri Vijaya with , Malacca became tolerant of its Buddhist subjects and also Malacca over ran Java and declares itself the rightful successor of Sri Vijaya and managed to defeat the Portuguese off in Malacca.
Malacca wanted to expand more and annexes the Nicobar and Andaman Islands.
Now Toungoo and Ava become buffer states between Malacca and the Ming Empire in the Meanwhile the Cham refugees float to Hainan and Taiwan the Cham refugees also went to the two fueding factions Lihan and Tondo, Cambodia and to the Malaccan Empire, Malacca loses Java to Portugal.


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Goa, Maluku, Visayas,Formosa and Java
In 1498, Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope and landed at Calicut. In 1510, Portuguese admiral Afonso de Albuquerque attacked Goa at the behest of the local cheftian Thimayya. After losing the city briefly to its former ruler, Ismail Adil Shah, the Muslim king of Bijapur, Albuquerque returned in force only three months later, on November 25, with a fleet fully renovated. In less than a day they took possession of Goa from Ismail Adil Shah and his Ottoman allies, who surrendered on 10 December. It is estimated that 6000 of the 9000 Muslim defenders of the city died, either on the fierce battle in the streets or drowned while trying to escape. He gained the support of the Hindu population, although frustrating the initial expectations Thimayya who aspired to gain the city. Afonso de Albuquerque rewarded him by appointing him chief "Aguazil" of the city, an administrator and representative of the Hindu and Muslim people, as a knowing interpreter of the local customs. He then made an agreement to lower yearly dues and taxes. In spite of constant attacks, Goa became the center of Portuguese India, with the conquest triggering the compliance of neighboring kingdoms: the Sultan of Gujarat and the Zamorin of Calicut sent embassies, offering alliances and local grants to fortify.
The settlers in the Americas in this Empire increased now that the empire expanded to the East Coast and they started to encounter the Aztecs later on.
And later Afonso conquers the Cape of Good hope in Africa and nearby areas making the Portuguese empire powerful in the Indian Sea.
Allying himself with Ternate's ruler, Serrão constructed a fortress on that tiny island and served as the head of a mercenary band of Portuguese seamen under the service of one of the two local feuding sultans who controlled most of the spice trade. Such an outpost far from Europe generally only attracted the most desperate and avaricious, and as such the feeble attempts at Christianisation only strained relations with Ternate's Muslim ruler. Serrão urged Ferdinand Magellan to join him in Maluku, and sent the explorer information about the Spice Islands. Both Serrão and Magellan, met but what they did was insignificant. In 1535 Sultan Tabariji was deposed and sent to Goa in chains, where he converted to Christianity and changed his name to Dom Manuel. After being declared innocent of the charges against him he was sent back to reassume his throne, but he died en route at Malacca in 1545. He had however, already bequeathed the island of Ambon to his Portuguese godfather Jordão de Freitas. Following the murder of Sultan Hairun at the hands of the Portuguese, the Ternateans expelled the hated foreigners in 1575 after a five-year siege.
The Portuguese first landed in Ambon in 1513, but it only became the new centre for their activities in Maluku following the expulsion from Ternate. European power in the region was weak and Ternate became an expanding, fiercely Islamic and anti-European state under the rule of Sultan Baab Ullah (r. 1570 - 1583) and his son Sultan Said. The Portuguese in Ambon, however, were regularly attacked by native Muslims on the island's northern coast, in particular Hitu, which had trading and religious links with major port cities on Java's north coast. Indeed, the Portuguese never managed to control the local trade in spices, and failed in attempts to establish their authority over the crucial Banda Islands, the nearby centre of most nutmeg and mace production.
The later conquistadors such as Miguel Lopez de Legaspi annexes Visayas and Java in the 1580’s which starts Christianization in those areas, Visayas(Cebu and Madya-as) was easy to conquer because it was sandwiched between Manila and Sulu and they needed protection so Miguel Lopez de Legaspi made a deal to annex them in exchange for protection and Miguel Lopez de Legaspi also easily conquered Java because Malacca ruled it tyrannically in a few decades of their rule and for this reason raids were started by Malacca thus Miguelinhas was born it was named after Miguel Dela Paz, it prospered on the reign of Duarte in the mean time Miguel Lopez de Legaspi also discovers Taiwan after going to China and Manila calling it Formosa, Formosa north of the Manilan territory was annexed by Spain which was later settled by people from Iberia.


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