Margin of Safety

If you can kill Maastricht dead then you will butterfly away the ERM catastrophe, meaning that the Tories will still have the best reputation for economic management.
 
It'll be in the next update, I've sent RB the remainder of the Maastricht stuff. :)

It's going to be interesting what happens to the pro-European faction of the Tory Party this time around, Major, for all the ire he endured, actually did a fairly good job at satisfying all but the most hardline elements of the PCP in the 1992-1997 Parliament. With Maggie around, her more aggressive style of leadership could lead to a more severe split (although I can't see her leading the Conservatives to a Major-esk wipe-out either, especially with the early curtailing of the Poll Tax helping them in Scotland).
 
It's going to be interesting what happens to the pro-European faction of the Tory Party this time around, Major, for all the ire he endured, actually did a fairly good job at satisfying all but the most hardline elements of the PCP in the 1992-1997 Parliament. With Maggie around, her more aggressive style of leadership could lead to a more severe split (although I can't see her leading the Conservatives to a Major-esk wipe-out either, especially with the early curtailing of the Poll Tax helping them in Scotland).

Indeed, but Thatcher won't be leading the Conservative Party at the next election. Nor, for that matter, will Major. And Portillo has obviously been removed from the picture. Care to take a guess who it could be? :p
 
Indeed, but Thatcher won't be leading the Conservative Party at the next election. Nor, for that matter, will Major. And Portillo has obviously been removed from the picture. Care to take a guess who it could be? :p

Umm Noman Tebbit?

Oh why didn't I remember the names from Spitting Image :( All I can remember is Ron, Thatcher, the Queen and Kylie Minogues 'I've been very lucky' (That would actually be good with Thatcher.)
 
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“As Joe Clark continued his cross-country consultations on constitutional reform, in February a CROP poll brought mixed blessings. It showed that support for sovereignty had dropped to 46 per cent from 64 percent only fifteen months previously. Forty-two percent of Quebecers were now opposed to sovereignty… On March 12, 1992, Joe Clark and provincial representatives-minus Quebec of course- agreed to try and achieve a new constitutional deal by the end of May.”
- Memoirs

mulroney.jpg

“In the last few days of the campaign, Tsongas and I had a heated discussion about economic policy. I had proposed a four-point plan to create jobs, help businesses get started, and reduce poverty and income inequality: cut the deficit in half in four years, with spending reductions and tax increases on the wealthiest Americans; increase investment in education, training and new technologies, expand trade, and cut taxes modestly for the middle class and a lot more for the working poor. We had done our best to cost out each proposal, using figures from the Congressional Budget Office…”
- My Life

“That night, Paul Tsongas won with 35%, but I finished a strong second with 26%, well ahead of Kerrey with 12%, Harkin with 10% and Brown with 9%. I had come to love New Hampshire, to appreciate its idiosyncrasies, and to respect the seriousness of its voters, even those who chose someone else. On the Republican side, Pat Buchanan’s upstart campaign won only 22% of the vote despite media predictions of over 30%, thus aiding the President... In politics there’s nothing like a New York election. First there are three geographically and psychologically distinct regions of the state: New York City with its five very different boroughs, Long Island and upstate. The unions made a larger difference in New York than in any previous primary. The most important and enduring encounter I had with an ethnic group was with the Irish… They wanted to promise to appoint a special representative to push for an end to the violence in Northern Ireland on terms that were fair to the Catholic minority. On April 7 we won in Kansas, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. On April 9, Paul Tsongas announced that he would not re-enter the race. The fight for the nomination was effectively over. I had more than half the 2,145 delegates needed to be nominated.”
- My Life

Canidate%20Governor%20Bill%20Clinton-web-1.jpg

As 1992 continued apace, President Bush had made one decision, which turned out to be crucial, though few observers realized the implications at the time. Vice President Dan Quayle was to be dumped from the ticket in favour of either Defence Secretary Dick Cheney or Wisconsin Senator Bob Kasten depending on the circumstances. Though Bush didn’t like ‘switching horses in midstream’ the President privately shared many of the RNC’s views on Quayle as being a liability to the ticket. ‘I should’ve picked Dick Lugar or Bob Kasten in ’88: that was my mistake and mine alone’ the President told confidantes such as Lee Atwater and Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. After much deliberation among the President’s aides they decided to make the announcement by the end of April so as to avoid charges of desperation and enable the President to inform Quayle privately before the news was leaked to the media.
- Déjà Vu All Over Again
President Bush and Vice President Quayle, 1992
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Former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, 1992
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President Bush and Sen. Bob Kasten (R-WI), Apr. 9, 1992
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“We shall not accept a Treaty that sets Europe on the road to a distant and remote superstate, as even now, the Soviet Union and its evil Empire reaches final collapse! Britain stands tall and proud- a willing friend and mentor to all Europe, but not a mere island colony!”


Margaret Thatcher at Maastricht, December 2nd 1991.


“BLAIR IN HOSPITAL HUMILIATION


Tony Blair, newly reshuffled by the Labour leader John Smith to the Health post, was embarrassed today when visiting the maternity ward of the hospital at Crawley, Sussex. When attempting to cradle a newborn, George Rear, the Shadow Health Secretary suffered the indignity of being urinated on by the baby.”


From The Daily Telegraph, Saturday December 7th 1991




From: An Introduction to Labour’s Britain, 1996-2008.
In a determinedly patronising series of speeches at Maastricht in December 1991, Margaret Thatcher plunged relations between Britain and the Continent to their lowest since Hitler’s apogee in power fifty years before. The significant concessions she demanded were granted, but this had the unforeseen impact of gradually alienating Britain from the European super state. By the time Thatcher left office, these major cracks were only just beginning to show. They would, however, plague Gordon Brown’s time as Prime Minister, as Labour was caught between a “Britain alone” policy favoured by the Prime Minister, and an integrationist streak led by Brown’s former friend and bitter rival, the Home Secretary, Tony Blair.

Shadow Home Secretary Tony Blair, 1991
s



Shadow Chancellor Gordon Brown at PMQs, 1991

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I'm guessing the changes made for Britain butchered most of the treaty?

Also Blair might not be able to intergrate Britain into the EU when he wins (suspence is gone when it isn't Thatcher VS Blair) as Thatcher would have set the record for future British EU relations due to Maastricht
 
Indeed, but Thatcher won't be leading the Conservative Party at the next election. Nor, for that matter, will Major. And Portillo has obviously been removed from the picture. Care to take a guess who it could be? :p

Could I take a guess at a certain Mr. Norman Lamont? He seems like the natural successor to Thatcher the way things are going.

Also, did you really have to wee all over the Shadow Home Secretary BG? It seems frightfully uncouth.

:D
 
“On May 6 President Bush met with Vice President Dan Quayle privately in the Oval Office, informing Quayle that “it would be inadvisable to renominate you for a second term as vice president. Bush later said that ‘he gulped like a fat fish and asked ‘do you have anyone specific in mind?’1 The following day the President announced that Quayle would be replaced by Wisconsin Senator Bob Kasten, an outspoken social conservative. Polling showed Bush receiving a small but long-lasting bump in the polls as Ross Perot declared his candidacy on May 27.”
- Déjà vu All Over Again

“… After challenging white voters all across America to abandon racism, if I kept silent on Sister Souljah I might look weak or phony. Near the end of my talk, I said of her remarks, “If you took the words ‘white’ and ‘black’ and reversed them, you might think David Duke was giving that speech… We all have an obligation, all of us, to call attention to prejudice wherever we see it. I spent the first weeks of July picking a running mate. After exhaustive research, Warren Christopher recommended I consider Senators Bob Kerrey, Al Gore, Harris Wofford and Congressman Lee Hamilton of Indiana. In the end, I decided to pick Bob Kerrey.”
- My Life

On July 9, the Democratic National Convention opened in Madison Square Garden with the nomination of Bill Clinton and Bob Kerrey as their 1992 ticket.


- And so, in the name of all those who do the work and pay the taxes, raise the kids, and play by the rules, in the name of the hardworking Americans who make up our forgotten middle class, I proudly accept your nomination for President of the United States.
- I am a product of that middle class, and when I am President, you will be forgotten no more.
- We meet at a special moment in history, you and I. The Cold War is over. Soviet communism has collapsed and our values -- freedom, democracy, individual rights, free enterprise - they have triumphed all around the world. And yet, just as we have won the Cold War abroad, we are losing the battles for economic opportunity and social justice here at home.
- Now that we have changed the world, it's time to change America.
- I have news for the forces of greed and the defenders of the status quo: Your time has come and gone. It’s time for a change in America.
- Tonight 10 million of our fellow Americans are out of work, tens of millions more work harder for lower pay. The incumbent President says unemployment always goes up a little before a recovery begins, but unemployment only has to go up by one more person before a real recovery can begin. And Mr. President, you are that man.
- This election is about putting power back in your hands and putting government back on your side. It’s about putting people first.
- You know, I’ve said that all across the country, and whenever I do, someone always comes back to me, as a young man did just this week at a town meeting at the Henry Street Settlement on the Lower East Side of Manhattan.
- He said, “That sounds good, Bill, but you’re a politician. Why should I trust you?”
- Tonight, as plainly as I can, I want to tell you who I am, what I believe, and where I want to lead America.
- I do want to say something to the fathers in this country who have chosen to abandon their children by neglecting their child support: Take responsibility for your children or we will force you to do so. Because governments don’t raise children; parents do. And you should.
- And I want to say something to every child in America tonight who is out there trying to grow up without a father or a mother: I know how you feel. You are special too.
- You matter to America. And don’t you ever let anybody tell you can’t become whatever you want to be. And if other politicians make you feel like you are not part of their family, come on and be part of ours.
- The thing that makes me angriest about what has gone wrong in the last 12 years is that our government has lost touch with our values, while our politicians continue to shout about them. I’m tired of it!
- I was raised to believe the American Dream was built on rewarding hard work. But we have seen the folks of Washington turn the American ethic on its head.
- For too long those who play by the rules and keep the faith have gotten the shaft, and those who cut corners and cut deals have been rewarded.
- Our people are pleading for change, but government is in the way. It has been hijacked by privileged private interests. It has forgotten who really pays the bills around here. It has taken more of your money and given you less in return. We have got to go beyond the brain-dead politics in Washington and give our people the kind of government they deserve, a government that works for them.
- A President, a president, ought to be a powerful force for progress. But right now I know how President Lincoln felt when General McClellan wouldn’t attack in the Civil War. He asked him, “If you’re not going to use your army, may I borrow it?”
- He’s never balanced a government budget, but I have 11 times.
- He won’t break the stranglehold the special interests have on our elections and the lobbyists have on our government, but I will.
- He won’t give mothers and fathers the simple chance to take some time off from work when a baby is born or a parent it sick, but I will.
- We’re losing our farms at a rapid rate, and he has no commitment to keep family farms in the family, but I do.
- He’s talked a lot about drugs, but he hasn’t helped people on the front line to wage that war on drugs and crime. But I will.
- He won’t take the lead in protecting the environment and creating new jobs in environmental technologies for the 21st century, but I will. And you know what else? He doesn’t have Al Gore, and I do.
- Just in case, just in case, you didn’t notice, that’s Gore with an E on the end.
- And George Bush- George Bush won’t guarantee a women’s right to choose; I will.
- Hear me now. I am not pro-abortion; I am pro-choice, strongly. I believe this difficult and painful decision should be left to the women of America.
- .
- Now, I don’t have all the answers, but I do know the old ways don’t work. Trickledown economics has sure failed. And big bureaucracies, both private and public, they’ve failed too.
- That’s why we need a new approach to government, a government that offers more empowerment and less entitlement. More choices for young people in the schools they attend- in the public schools they attend. And more choices for the elderly and for people with disabilities and the long-term care they receive. A government that is leaner, not meaner; a government that expands opportunity, not bureaucracy; a government that understands that jobs must come from growth in a vibrant and vital system of free enterprise.
- I call this approach a New Covenant, a solemn agreement between the people and their government based not simply on what each of us can take but what all of us must give to our Nation.
- We offer our people a new choice based on old values. We offer opportunity. We demand responsibility. We will build an American community again. The choice we offer is not conservative or liberal. In many ways, it is not even Republican or Democratic. It is different. It is new. And it will work. It will work because it is rooted in the vision and the values of the American people.
- One of the reasons we have so many children in so much trouble in so many places in this nation is because they have seen so little opportunity, so little responsibility, so little loving, caring community, that they literally cannot imagine the life we are calling them to lead.
- And so I say again: Where there is no vision, America will perish. What is the vision of our New Covenant?
- An America with millions of new jobs and dozens of new industries, moving confidently toward the 21st century.
- An America that says to entrepreneurs and businesspeople: We will give you more incentives and more opportunity than ever before to develop the skills of your workers and to create American jobs and American wealth in the new global economy. But you must do your part, you must be responsible. American companies must act like American companies again, exporting products, not jobs.
- That’s what this New Covenant is all about.
- An America in which the doors of colleges are thrown open once again to the sons and daughters of stenographers and steelworkers. We will say: Everybody can borrow money to go to college. But you must do your part. You must pay it back, from your paychecks or, better yet, by going back home and serving your communities.
- Just think of it. Think of it. Millions of energetic young men and women serving their country by policing the streets or teaching the children or caring for the sick. Or working with the elderly and people with disabilities. Or helping young people to stay off drugs and out of gangs, giving us all a sense of new hope and limitless possibilities.
- That’s what this New Covenant is all about.
- An America in which health care is a right, not a privilege, in which we say to all of our people: “Your government has the courage finally to take on the health care profiteers and make health care affordable for every family.” But, you must do your part. Preventive care, prenatal care, childhood immunization- saving lives, saving money, saving families from heartbreak.
- That’s what the New Covenant is all about.
- An America in which middle-class incomes, not middle-class taxes, are going up.
- An America, yes, in which the wealthiest few, those making over $200,000 a year, are asked to pay their fair share.
- An America in which the rich are not soaked, but the middle class is not drowned, either.
- Responsibility starts at the top.
- That’s what the New Covenant is all about.
- An America where we end welfare as we know it. We will say to those on welfare: You will have, and you deserve, the opportunity, through training and education, through child care and medical coverage, to liberate yourself. But then, when you can, you must work, because welfare should be a second chance, not a way of life.
- That’s what the New Covenant is all about.
- An America with the world’s strongest defense, ready and willing to use force when necessary.
- An America at the forefront of the global effort to preserve and protect our common environment- and promoting global growth.
- An America that will not coddle tyrants, from Baghdad to Beijing.
- An America that champions the cause of freedom and democracy from Eastern Europe to Southern Africa- and in our own hemispheres, in Haiti and Cuba.
- The end of the Cold War permits us to reduce defense spending while still maintaining the strongest defense in the world, but we must plow back every dollar of defense cuts into building American jobs right here at home. I know well that the world needs a strong America, but we have learned that strength begins at home.
- But the New Covenant is about more than opportunities and responsibilities for you and your families. It’s also about our common community.
- Tonight every one of you knows deep in your heart that we are too divided. It is time to heal America.
- And so we must say to every American: Look beyond the stereotypes that blind us. We need each other - all of us - we need each other. We don’t have a person to waste, and yet for too long politicians have told the most of us that are doing all right that what’s really wrong with America is the rest of us- them.
- Them, the minorities. Them, the liberals. Them, the poor. Them, the homeless. Them, the people with disabilities. Them, the gays.
- We’ve gotten to where we’ve nearly them'ed ourselves to death. Them, and them, and them.
- But, this is America. There is no them. There is only us.
- One nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.
- That, that, is our Pledge of Allegiance, and that’s what the New Covenant is all about.
- How do I know we can come together and make change happen? Because I have seen it in my own state. In Arkansas, we are working together, and we are making progress. No, there’s no Arkansas Miracle, but there are a lot of miraculous people. And because of them, our schools are better, our wages are higher, our factories are busier, our water is cleaner and our budget is balanced. We’re moving ahead.
- I wish I could say the same thing about America under the incumbent President. He took the richest country in the world and brought it down.
- We took one of the poorest states in America and lifted it up.
- And so I say to all of those, in this campaign season who would criticize Arkansas, come on down. Especially if you’re from Washington, come on down.
- Sure, you’ll see us struggling against some of the problems that we haven’t solved yet, but you’ll also see a lot of great people doing amazing things, and you might even learn a thing or two.
- In the end, my fellow Americans, this New Covenant simply asks us all to be Americans again- old-fashioned Americans for a new time. Opportunity, responsibility, community.
- Let it be, let it be, our cause that when this child is able, she gives something back to her children, her community and her country. Let it be our cause that we give this child a country that is coming together, not coming apart, a country of boundless hopes and endless dreams, a country once again lifts its people and inspires the world. Let that be our cause our commitment and our New Covenant.
- My fellow Americans, I end tonight where it all began for me- I still believe in a place called Hope. God bless you, and God Bless America.

“By September, the race had significantly tightened due to Ross Perot’s economic credibility, which began to hurt both Bush and Clinton for excessive spending during their tenures as President and governor of Arkansas respectively. In Canada, the newly-concluded Charlottetown Accord was stillborn, with 48% of Canadians either opposed or supportive of a constitutional agreement that was agreed upon by all party leaders on the federal level and most of “establishmentarian” Canada.”
 
“On September 11, I went to South Bend, Indiana, to deliver an address to the students and faculty of Notre Dame, America’s most famous Catholic university. On the same day, President Bush was in Virginia to address the conservative Christian Coalition. I knew Catholics across the country would pay attention to both events. The church hierarchy agreed with Bush’s opposition to abortion, but I was far closer to the Catholic positions on economic and social justice. The Notre Dame speech bore a striking resemblance, with roles reversed, to John Kennedy’s 1960 speech to the Southern Baptist ministers.”
- My Life

“On September 8, I officially informed the House of Commons of the Charlottetown Accord, and the campaign to ratify it through a national referendum was soon on. I filled Margaret Thatcher in (by phone) on the Canadian referendum situation and entered the house to take some calls from in rapid succession from premiers. The Yes side has had an awful week, so much so that people like Lysiane Gagnon are already predicting a victory for the No side in Quebec. We have been unable to get our message out at all, as the perception grew about Bourassa’s ‘weaknesses’ as a bargainer and negotiator. All of a sudden the issue wasn’t the substance of the agreement, but whether anyone as ‘weak-kneed and unprincipled’ as Bourassa could even be trusted to defend Quebec’s ‘interets superieurs’ and the answer, of course, is a resounding no. Support for the agreement has fallen, and Hugh Segal and I met secretly with Bourassa and [his chief of staff] John Parisella at the Dorval Hilton to review our plan.”
- Memoirs

“While I was gathering support for rebuilding the economy and reforming health care, the Republicans were working hard to tear me down. President Bush, in his convention speech, had accused me of raising taxes 128 times in Arkansas and enjoying it every time. In early September the Bush campaign repeated the charge again and again, though the New York Times said it was ‘false’, the Washington Post called it highly ‘exaggerated’ and ‘silly’ and even the Wall Street Journal said it was ‘misleading’. The Bush list included a requirement that used-car dealers post a $25,000 bond, modest fees for beauty pageants, and a one-dollar court cost imposed on convicted criminals. Conservative columnist George Will said that, by the President’s criteria, ‘Bush has raised taxes more often in four years than Clinton has in ten’.”
- My Life

“If the referendum is defeated, there will be a large and loud cry for my resignation. Canadians will quickly forget that the deal was concluded by 13 government- four Liberal, four PC, four NDP, and one independent, and four aboriginal associations; that it was endorsed by Jean Chretien and the federal Liberal caucus, and by Audrey McLaughlin and the NDP caucus… All of this will quickly be forgotten if we are unsuccessful and Canadians, led by the national press gallery, will be angrily demanding the prime minister’s resignation. ‘After all’ they will say, ‘it was his deal. He alone is responsible.’ And in some ways, I suppose, they are right. My experience has been that when things go brilliantly, others get the glory. When things are tough and failure looms, the finger is pointed at the prime minister. That is probably the way it should be, though I wouldn’t mind a modest reversal of these realities every once in a while! In any case, I still think we can win. I believe we can pull it off, and because I love Canada so much I will expend every effort I can to help contribute to a victory for the Yes side on October 26, 1992.”
- Memoirs

“During October the race had become too close to call. Internal DNC and RNC polling showed that Perot was bleeding voters from both Clinton and Bush in roughly equal numbers, and too many states too close to call for an accurate electoral projection. Both Democrats and Republicans were unsure of what effect Perot would have in battleground states in the Midwest and even the South and New England, though no electoral votes were projected for Perot/Stockdale. President Bush’s campaign had shifted from a predominant focus on Clinton’s character to return to the President’s record, a rerun of Gerald Ford’s “Rose Garden strategy” of 1976. Bush was portrayed as a wise global statesman at various international summits, signing the Biodiversity Treaty, NAFTA, and the Americans with Disabilities Act. His poll numbers began to rise slightly, though most pollsters still predicted a Clinton victory or even that the election would be decided by Congress if Perot won sufficient electoral votes to ensure the first such possibility since 1968.”
- Déjà Vu All Over Again

Charlottetown Accord referendum, Oct. 26
YES/OUI: 51.1%
NO/NON: 49.8%

“My final and penultimate goal has been achieved. Now the only thing left to do is get the timing right: someone other than I will lead the PC Party into the next election.”
- Mulroney Diaries, Oct. 26

Election Night, Nov. 3


“This is the CNN Election Centre. Polls will be closing shortly in the Midwest, and this historic election is still too close to call… We can now project that New England will vote Democratic, though we are still awaiting results from New Jersey and Connecticut, where the Democratic lead is slowly evaporating… CNN is now projecting that Texas, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana are in the Republican column…
genusmap.php

(R) George H.W. Bush/ Robert W. Kasten: 270 EV, 43.2%
(D) William J. Clinton/ J. Robert Kerrey: 268 EV, 43.7%
(Ref) H. Ross Perot/ James B. Stockdale: 0 EV, 15.8%
Incumbent President: George Bush (R)

Congressional-House
Democratic: 226 seats (-32)
Republican: 209 seats
Incumbent Speaker: Tom Foley (D-WA)

Congressional-Senate
Democratic: 54 seats (-2)
Republican: 46 seats
Incumbent Majority Leader: George Mitchell (D-ME)
 
With the EV not reflecting voting numbers have we brought forward the post-2000 criticism of the Electoral College?
 
Yes, there will be critics of the EC, particularly from Perot supporters. I'll cover that later on, though there will be no TTL Bayh-Celler bill.
 
Wait did Thatcher change the treaty for all of Europe or just for Britain and if the latter then I'm guessing the treaty would just be 'Britain maintains its part in the EEC and will not intergrate any further.' or something like that. European leader memoirs would have been fun to read.
 
Sorry, RB Ive been kinda taking a sabbatical after my finals so I havent really commented on TTL. I wonder why didn't Poppy pick a more electorally significant Vice President as other big names like Collin Powell(Who wouldn't run for the presidency, but if asked he'd probably take it) and Carroll Campbell would rally the Christian Right and be more able to cut Clinton support in the South...

After 20 years of being out of power...My pick for the next president is...
bobkerrey1992announcement.htm
 
Bush's aim was to solidify the conservative base with a fire-breathing yet reasonable SoCon. Bob Kasten always fits that role from 1985 onwards.
 
Wait did Thatcher change the treaty for all of Europe or just for Britain and if the latter then I'm guessing the treaty would just be 'Britain maintains its part in the EEC and will not intergrate any further.' or something like that. European leader memoirs would have been fun to read.

Yeah, it's essentially this, as well as Thatcher cutting some of Britain's payments to Brussels. It's created a huge amount of ill-will on the Continent though, which will continue to develop over the next two decades of the TL.
 
Bush's aim was to solidify the conservative base with a fire-breathing yet reasonable SoCon. Bob Kasten always fits that role from 1985 onwards.

Yeah, but he's really not that appealling and it seems that not alot of his colleagues were to fond of him. Although I don't personally agree with Governor Campbell's policies, I definatly think he has a more Presidential Air to him than Kasten. For gods sake, they actually made a comic back in the day depicting him as a pig...

Ladies and Gentelmen, I present to you...Senator Robert Kasten
kasten2.jpg
 
This TL is closed, because Basileus Giorgios has been banned. I do not have the UK knowledge to continue it, but thanks to the readers that had contributed so far. If you desire, I will post the list of British Prime Ministers, POTUS list, and Canadian PMs.

Historico: it seems Senators named Robert tend to have prickly personalities that offend many in their parties. :p
 
Sorry folks, the thread is dead. In any case, I am fully preoccupied by TID and another American TL (not Kennedy-related) that will start as soon as TID is finished (TID will be finished by early July, before anyone asks).

For reference.

Presidents of the United States

George H.W. Bush (R-TX): Jan. 20, 1989- Jan. 20, 1997
Al Gore (D-TN): Jan. 20, 1997- Jan. 20, 2001
W. Mitt Romney (R-MA): Jan. 20, 2001- present

Canadian Prime Ministers
Brian Mulroney (PC): Sept. 17, 1984- June 25, 1993
Kim Campbell (PC): June 25, 1993- Aug. 17, 2004
Frank McKenna (Lib): Aug. 17, 2004- present

British Prime Ministers

Margaret Thatcher (Tory): 4 May 1979- 8 May 1994
John Major (Tory): 8 May 1994- 1 June 1996
Gordon Brown (Lab): 1 June 1996- 30 July 2008
Michael Portillo (Tory): 30 July 2008-present
 
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