Emirate of Galhat
Situated on the easternmost promontory of Arabia, the independent Emirate of Galhat occupies a stretch of land about the size of a parish. The country is enclosed on all sides by the Sultanate of Muscat; apart only from an eastern-situated coastline upon which her namesake capital cradles the Indian Ocean. Mountains and highlands take up the majority of the small Emirates territory. Two major wadis, or valleys, cut through these highlands, from north to south these are Wadi Haida and Wadi Helgh. The latter of which is the largest, and culminates in a flat promontory upon which the city of Galhat is built.About 15.000 people live in the Emirate, of mostly settled Arabian stock; about 12.000 reside in the city of Galhat, with sizable seasonal merchant minorities of African, Hindu and Iranian stock. The interior of the country supports a minor rural population within its wide valleys.
Galhat was established by the kings of Ormuz, an Iranian trading entrepôt turned mercantile empire established in the 11th century. It fell under Portuguese vassalage in 1507, who in the 1730s, capitulated it to Afsharid Iran. After the death of Nader Shah in 1747, the small Emirate came to be ruled by a former Turco-Arabic general and governor Latif Al-Hajim. The territory has been under a protectorate of the British Empire since the mid-1800s.
The city has for centuries been privileged by the commerce of the Indian Sea, and many merchants moored here on their way to Basra in Iraq. With the opening of the Suez canal in 1869, commerce now traverses the Red Sea, resulting in a decline in the importance of the city. It is nevertheless the most important port in eastern Arabia save for Muscat. Following discoveries of oil in the greater Persian Gulf region, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company is conducting geological surveys within the Emirate to ascertain the potential for petroleum extraction.