Image dump consisting of seven unrelated maps to follow.....
1) Bull Moose
In this world, Theodore Roosevelt smashed the two-party system in 1912, lead the United States through World War I (known here as the Great European War), and worked with former political opponents to create a League of Nations with American involvement. The 1920s see a brief genuine three party system, but after crash on Wall Street (here in '31 instead of '29), the Progressives win big and finally push the Republicans to a still-functioning-in-some-local-districts third place. After the Great Global War, against *Fascist France + Italy, Japan, and the Soviet Union (a much longer struggle than in our world but without anything as awful as the holocaust), the Democratic Party is able to make a comeback as the face of strong promotion of U.S. Democracy and Freedom (TM) abroad.
To win again, the Republicans and Progressives work in the late '50s into a coalition. They are joined by a new political party in the '60s -the Liberationists- which champion racial integration and government intervention but is pretty socially conservative (by 2016, the Liberationist Party's leaders are mostly Black Pastors). While all three parties are much leftier than any political party in our U.S., they focus regionally and agree not to run candidates in eachother's states. They agree to support in the electoral college whichever of their three candidates wins the most electoral votes (Democrats since the four term Presidency of Joseph Kennedy have begun idolizing unity as a reaction).
In 2016, the Democrats are able to win unexpectably strongly. The Liberationist Party has struggled to incorporate Latinos, and many whites are slowly abandoning the party- its allies worry that it will turn into party of Identity politics for Blacks. As economic issues lose ground to the culture wars, the three party coalition is unable to deliver a coherent message, in contrast to the loud and proud Patriotic duties of Americans advocated for by the Democratic candidate.
(Hawai'i is an independent country, and Alaska has a special non-state status)
2)A Romantic Dream
A fantastical world steeped in Romanticist and 18th and 19th century Nationalist and Racialist psuedo-histiography. The presence of different human races are an observeable fact here rather than a constructed reality, with the races corresponding closely to linguistic groups of our world (since culture takes a backseat here, religion and language aren't really something you can "change,"). Magic comes from nature and racial purity/precise racial mixings (Celts derive their magical power from meadows and rainbows, Germanics from thunder and lightening, Jews use gold for mindcontrol and illusion-casting). Britain's Celts (modeled on those in the famous Romantic-era historical fraud 'Ossian') defend their home isles against the ever-growing Roman Empire, ruled by a self-declared "King of the World" (which acts as a stand-in for Industrialization/Capitalism/ Race-mixing). While their closer alliance with Germanic peoples may come back to haunt them in the long run, it is their de-facto alliance with the opportunistic Huns (savage ape-men with hooked teeth and ochre colored eyes with Fu-Manchu moustaches) who now may benefit from the conflict who cause the Celts the most concern. Further on the edges of the known world, India's Brahmins mantain their racial magic with an ornate caste system, and a lost Phonecian colony grows rich by discovering King Solomon's mines.
3) A Thousand Years Hence
A Thousand years from now, in a future where computers as intertwined with humanity as bacteria is now, surprisingly little has actually changed about human nature. Energy is supplied from solar panels the size of planets, but energy demand is fast outgrowing supply nonetheless. China (and vassals covering all of Asia except for India and Japan) is, as was the case for the thousand years before Colombus, sitting pretty for so long than few think anything of it other than that it is the natural global leader. In the last few centuries, the small bit of nostalgia for the old United States has crept up into a larger movement, though it remains more about the political ideals and aesthetics of 20th and 21st century America than about actual reunification. For all its larger size and success as a great power in previous centuries, Mexico is back to where it was at the beginning of the millenia and is once again poorer relative to its northern neighbours. Languages have changed and wildly evolved; while China uses exclusively uses Pinyin, Texas uses a new syllabery (although the spoken form of its language is still intelligable across the entirety of the former lower 48 states). Religion is still around, though wars over it haven't happened in centuries, and despite living for 200 years sometimes people have become remarkably willing to change their beliefs over time (North America being home to what some consider to be the major exception to the rule of course, the Pyramidists).
4) The United Realms of Gwoboroh
On a parallel Earth, history diverged from that of our world roughly ten thousand years ago. Eurasian horses are harder to domesticate, more easily scared, and less generally suited for warfare (given the greater expense in using them, marauding armies often have to dismount and walk on foot to battlefield). Although Sumerian and subsequently Egyptian and Mesopotamian history was much the same, the Indo-European expansion has been vastly slower- it took until the formation of the chariot for their expansion to really get off the ground. Ultimately, state-building and agriculture actually reached western Europe via trade with over the Mediterranean with Egyptian and Levantine peoples, resulting in a Basque people (the first receivers of this) spreading out, and a general frontier of Indo-European cultures on one side of the continent and Basque cultures on the other gradually melded into one. Civilization developed, but trade was limited; knowledge of China (itself vastly different and more often warring states rather than an empire) barely progressed from mythology. In the land of Perastgiya (Greece) a mystical philosophy based worldview, describing the universe has made up of a decaying, tangible substance, and pure, unperceivable, holy and good substance became a religion and spread throughout the continenent. Although initially similar to Plato's Theory of Forms, this faith, worshipping an all-present but completely non-personified divinity, also came to resemble Star Wars' Jedi religion, complete with its own theological and sometimes militant orders.
On the other side of the world, the camel was domesticated twice- first by the Mississippians and then by the much more populous Mesoamericans. The two civilizations would trade on camel-driven caravans far across the south-western deserts far more than our world's African and European civilizations traded across the Sahara. Eventually though, as business profits held greater sway in decision making, ship-building began to outcompete the caravan routes. This would have dramatic consequences for world history.....
The colonization of the Eastern hemisphere by the Western hemisphere was not quite as lopsidded as the reverse was in our world. True, Eurasia remained at best at roughly the technological level of our world's Rome (even around 2000 A.D. when the Westerners came). But there were no mass die offs of natives. Australia and South Africa were rather repopulated as in our world (but by Native Americans of course), and large parts of the Eastern hemisphere were ruled even after colonization by small groups of the colonizers' descendants (without a coherent racial ideology of their own though, such states often slowly opened up to majority rule as every greater numbers of mixed-race offspring entered elite circles). But not all of the Eastern Hemisphere was colonized; Mocha (most of the Italian peninsula, speaking a language descended from ancient Canaanite colonists in Sicily) and Lichba (in the Baltics) both successfully pulled off Ethiopias. The majority of the Middle East was uncolonized, until realization of oil's true value lead to a realpolitik agreement between Ameridian powers that would make Sykes and Picot blush. Much of the African interior and deep steppe interior of Eurasia was left untouched entirely however; there remains to this day considerable disagreement over the legitimate governments of such areas that many map-makers continue to leave regions of the world blank.
Unlike the Middle East, which violently throw off the chains of colonization, imperialism, and slavery in a rebellion of religious frenzy in which natives believed that their God-Kings (the 'Lugals') would return to the Earth and throw the colonizers out, Gwoboroh achieved indepencence and majority rule peacefully and quickly. Unlike Kakai (Eastern Asia) Gwoboroh had strong cultural ties among its various member areas other than those created by colonization. Today it is a democracy. A relative inward-looking nation, it could playing a much larger role in international politics than it does. Part of the problem may be that it has poor relations with most of its neighbours, and has not pursued a strategy of alliance-formation with other powers.
6) Stroke
Something crazy I made on a hot day. A cookie to whoever figures out what the names have in common.
7) Cosmozations
In the far future, humanity had long been at peace. Human life has been scrapping against a post-scarcity world for so long that generations have not experienced hunger. The nation-state at last gradually faded from memory, not ending in war (well, at least not ending that way in most places) but by the gradual reemergence of deal-making between ever specialized mega-cities and ever specialized country-sides. Contact with extraterrials proved that the universe runs on trade, with war and conquest being the exception rather than the rule. The future, by the year 6,000 A.D., it seems is a Libertarian paradise of high tech democratic city-states and citizens able to move freely between them at relative ease.
Over time, as has happened on countless other worlds and as was predicted to occur on Earth by extraterrials, a bureacracy developed connecting these cities. Networks, formal and informal, overlapped and grew larger. Gradually, ever larger and larger networks formed with the assumption that following negotiations all of the world would be on a single system. The death knell for the previous global order was the demise of the metric system and of 'Modern Standard English' (an artificial language bearing a striking resemblance to English spoken 8,000 years ago, kept on as a lingua franca of all) as the networks in Africa and Oceania abandoned both, and the Western Hemisphere and Eurasian networks' versions diverged. After nuclear war was narrowly avoided, humanity's home world was firmly divided along arbitrary boundaries again. Unlike almost every other planet, the four 'cosmozations' (as they are more than states, and still somewhat informal in their fullest forms) of Earth explore the universe and interact with other worlds as seperate entities. Each contains at least half a dozen distinct 'civilizations' (plenty of which did not exist 8,000 years ago or are mixtures of ones which did).
Though religion, nationalism, and many other divisions of humanity have faded away, loyalty to one's cosmozation has turned up to an unprecendented fervor (and that's before you add in the government-induced mind control or genetic breeding to favor subservience, depending on your cozmozation of course). Sub-Saharan Africa for instance has adopted an ideology of Afro-Centrism (although this includes the descendents of the Boers and Arabs, who by this point in the future are very much natives of the continent) using a language descended from Swahili, but written phonetically in Geez, and has some leaders calling for the militant conquest of North Africa. It itself is sometimes a buffer between the Afro-Eurasian Cosmozation and the Western Hemisphere Cosmozation; although the Afro-Eurasians have long regarded themselves as the natural unifiers of mankind, the Western continents are busy playing an extraordinary game of catch-up- though their Prime Ministers have at times emulated the style of the Afro-Eurasian Prime Ministers, there is a sense in the West that Westerners can outdo Afro-Eurasians at their own game.
(The cosmozations aren't actually unified countries or even states; they're actually somewhat loosely defined collections of thousands of networked territories. Rarely is any one city politically aligned with all of the other cities of its cosmozation. Nor is there any hard membership or grouping- the cosmozations are in effect constructed, much like our world's concepts of "the First World" or "the Muslim World." There are however stark cut-offs between cosmozations.)
As such, Earth is the laughing stock of the galaxy- one of the few planets with distinct boundaries of political control. It is perpetually prepared for war, though the logic of mutually assured destruction (not \of nukes but of EMP-type weapons which will kill computers and render territory unusable for thousands of years to all but stone age dwellers) has held steady for a thousand years at this point. Far enough away from human colonies across space though, and its outright war. There is somewhat of a detente among the smaller three cosmozations against the traditional most substantial power, the Afro-Eurasian Command. Oceania is in the tightest spot and is the most reliant on extraterrestrial technological support (indeed, it too has abandoned Modern Standard English for a version of Bahasa written in an extraterrestrial script, never-mind that script's poor suitability for human words).