OVERVIEW
The Confederal Republic of Syria is a country located in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest. The Republic has a small number of disputed territories, mostly with the recently-annexed Confederal State of Hatay, formerly of the Turkish Republic (annexed in 2030 under NATO and UN supervision) and the Golan Heights, which is still under
de-facto Israeli control, but is internationally recognised as Syrian territory. Syria’s largest city and capital is Damascus, located in the south-west of the nation.
HISTORY
The modern history of the Republic begins in the early 2010’s, with the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War in 2011. The Civil War had originally erupted because of civilian and military protests the regime of Bashar al-Assad (1962-2021), but was quickly subsumed into the greater Middle Eastern conflicts of the early-to-late 2010’s. The conflict was originally contained within the borders of Syria itself, barring the occasional spill over into Lebanon via the terrorist group
Hezbollah and their raids into Assad-held territory, but the very nature of the Civil War changed the moment the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria came into the conflict.
The war against the Islamic State, the Ba’athist Syrian regime and the myriad of foreign powers and their chosen terrorist/rebel organisations ground on for almost a decade, ending in a victory for Bashar al-Assad and his Russian allies in mid-2018. The war against the Islamic State, now ground down to a mere band of militias and splinter groups, is ongoing in neighbouring Iraq.
The Russo-American backed Peace of Aleppo was the document lay the groundwork for the fledgling Confederal state, establishing a pseudo-confederal system that granted the Kurds, Alawites and the remaining Governates more power via heavy devolution. Assad and the Ba’ath Party struggled along through their new, near-powerless positions for another three years, until being evicted from power in a ‘soft coup’ against the government by pro-reformist forces.
The Confederal Constitution was officially signed off in 2023, establishing the Confederal Republics of Syria as a ‘Second Republic’.
POLITICS
The primary ideology of the Confederal Republic is a form of libertarian socialist thought known as ‘Democratic Confederalism’. The ideology that is the very foundation of the new Syrian state was created in the early 2000’s by Abdullah Öcalan, Kurdish nationalist and founder of the PKK, Öcalan argued for a confederated government wherein each constituent state had their own legal codes, languages and religious laws, but are subservient to the laws of an overarching federal government. Some elements of the economy would be state-owned, but free enterprise would be protected and encouraged as to allow alternate sources of income for the state and its citizens. Öcalan described the ideology as
“…open towards other political groups and factions, flexible, multi-cultural, anti-monopolistic, and consensus-oriented…”. Many international political scientists and media pundits have described the movement as a bizarre fusion of European Social Democracy, American-style Libertarianism, Swiss Federalism and Direct Democracy and a smattering of Bookchin’s municipalist ecological theories to boot.
CONCLUSION
Despite the seemingly contradictory nature of such a state, the Confederal Republic has flourished in the years since the Civil War and the overthrow of the Assad government. Damascus has been rebuilt into a modern First World city, while refugees from the Civil War are slowly returning to their homes to rebuild.
Syria is now one of the safest regions in the Middle East for Christians, barring Israel and Egypt, while also having a growing Jewish population via a returning Syrian Jewish diaspora from the Americas and an increasing number of Israeli emigres, who are mostly employed in the IT and construction sectors.
The rights of women and various ethnic, religious and sexual minorities are also guaranteed under the Confederal Constitution, although the implementation of said laws in the more conservative towns and rural areas are still an issue in the northern, Arab-dominated portions of Syria. Cities such as Damascus, Latakia and Iskenderun are often said to be the most liberal cities in the Confederal Republic, while Homs, Aleppo and Raqqa are on the up-and-up, both socially and industrially.