Today linguists and others concede that this cherished legend contains a grain of historical truth: the close link between the Magyars and a Bulgarian-Turkic people, as well as the Alans. While the term "Magyar", used by the Hungarians themselves, harks back to Ugrian times, the appellation "Hungarian", "Ungar", "Hungarus", "Hongrois", is traceable to the tribal organization of the Onogurs, to which the Hungarians had belonged for a long period; Onogur means "ten arrows", signifying ten tribes. It is also possible that the expression, accepted in the West since the early ninth century, refers to the amalgamation of the original seven loosely linked ancient Hungarian tribes with the three dissident Khazar tribes, the Kabars.
However, it is certain that the Hungarians had for some time been members of the Turkic Khazar empire between the middle Volga and the lower Danube. The ancient Hungarians were never a "Mongol people", as has often been claimed. Since 830 the Magyars had lived, together with various nomadic Turkic peoples, the Alans, and the Slavs, in the Etelköz, "the area between two rivers" –an extensive region between the Don, the Danube and the Black Sea. About 200 words of Bulgar-Turkic origin testify to a significant Turkic component in the ancient Hungarian tribal alliance. Despite the mixture of peoples in the settlement area, the Ugrian (i.e. the Hungarian language) prevailed and the name "Magyar" gained the upper hand in the entire community. This is the more remarkable because –according to the account of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII, the first and almost the only reliable source –only two of the seven old Hungarian tribes had Ugrian names (Megyer and Nyék), the names of the remaining five being Turkic. The Emperor also reported that in the tenth century, after the absorption of the Kabar tribes, the Hungarians were still bilingual.