During the 1880s left-leaning forces in the United States began gaining more and more influence due to a series of bad decisions from the governments and just (bad) luck. After costly wars against Chile in 1891 and against Spain in 1898 the American people became weary and in 1904 the Second American Civil War began when Socialist workers rose up in Detroit, soon followed by similar uprisings in Pittsburg, New York and other industrial centers. After four years the continental USA was unified again under Socialist rule (just to clarify: American Socialism is rather close to Democratic Socialism and not comparable to Leninism or a variaton thereof). The Alaska Territory declared itself an indepedent but British-aligned republic, while Hawaii and the other Pacific territories became the base of operations for a Navy-dominated US government-in-exile, mostly unrecognized by the other powers. While Canada was propped up by the British in order to stop Socialist tendencies, Mexico reacted by becoming more and more conservative and authorian.
In South America the American-Chilean War of 1891 resulted in the rise of Argentina, which fought together with the US in order to ensure "stability" in the republic on the edge of the Pacific. However this war also allowed for the creation of the Andean Union, founded by the regimes of Bolivia and Peru in 1905. South America in general is rather undemocratic, with only Argentina being considered a stable democracy.
The Europeans meanwhile ignored the Second American Civil War at first, being busy with subdueing Africa and establishing commercial dominance over China. With the war over regional alliances became more relevant, with the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, as well as the Anglo-French Entente (also including Portugal) and the Russian System being the three factions that effectivly devided Europe amongst themselves. Especially the Russians took advantage of the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century, establishing Serbia and Bulgaria as rather strong (for Balkan standards) allies. However Russo-Austrian rivalries led to the Great Eastern War, in which the Russian System fought the Triple Alliance from 1917 to 1920. Because of the German industrial complex victory was achieved under rather favorable terms for the Triple Alliance. This victory and the humiliation of Russia led to the Russian Civil War and the creation of the post-Tsarist states: the German puppets of Poland, Lithuania and the United Baltic Duchy; the pro-Triple Alliance but still indepedent Republic of Finland; the Ukranian Republic, the Transcaucasian Democratic Republic, the Union of Turkestan, the New Mongolian Khanate as well as the three new Russian states. The People's Republic of Russia aka North Russia (which could be described as Maoist), the "Free" Russian Republic aka South Russia and the Siberian Federation.
Following the Great Eastern War the victorious Triple Alliance created the Central European Trade Union (also known as Mitteleuropa), consisting out of: Germany, Poland, Lithuania, the United Baltic Duchy, Austria-Hungary, Serbia, Italy, Montenegro, Albania, Romania, Sweden and Finland. And sadly Mitteleuropa is making France, which is still a bit angry at Germany, a little nervous, which creates a fertile ground for right-wing movements...
In East Asia meanwhile Qing rule ended violently with the emergence of the Republic of China, a corrupt state in the Anglo-French pocket, and the Chinese State, a xenophobic warlord state dominating the north. Japan however prospered, with good relations to both the Entente and the Triple Alliance helping a lot.
Africa was colonized just like you'd expect it, with Germany, Portugal, Italy, Spain, France and the UK being the colonizers. Furthermore the Belgian king controled the profitable Congo, but not for long: In 1905 reports of excessive brutality against the native workers and some other violations of the treaties which allowed Leopold II's rule became public and the European powers as well as the Belgian government stripped Leopold II of his African personal property. And because the Belgian government was uninterested in taking over the large colony, the former Congo Free State became the International Congo, under the control of a new organisation created specifically for monitering territories like that and (ideally) for resolving international disputes: The Community of Nations. The CoN also was awarded control over the Tangiers International Zone, the Shanghai Settlement, the Panama Canal Zone and the continent of Antarctica.
The current "bad boys" are: the Andean Union, the People's Republic of Russia, the Free Russian Republic and the Chinese State.
